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Anna University MBA - Information Management Unit 1
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INTRODUCTIONBusiness intelligence – key role in operations & strategy
Quality business information – manager’s essential IM – applied field that combines computer science with business management practices
IM – acquisition, custodianship and distribution of useful information.
CONTDSix closely related activities:1. Identification of information needs2. Acquisition & creation of information3. Analysis & interpretation4. Organization & storage5. Information access & dissemination6. Information use
DATAStream of raw facts such as values or measurementsCan be numbers, words, measurements, observations or just a description
Examples:57,63,45,77,84Chocolate, vanilla, strawberry, mango25-08-1992, 23-07-1994, 10-12-1990Consist of alpha numeric as well as images & soundsDatum – singular, Data - plural
INFORMATIONProcessed data that gives meaning is informationData that is categorized, counted and thus gives meaning & relevance
Critical business resource used every day
INTELLIGENCEThe ability to solve problems and to adapt & learn from everyday experiences
Intelligence is a way of manipulating information and knowledge to get certain things done one of which is acquiring information & knowledge
KNOWLEDGEFacts, feelings or experiences known by a personKnowledge is knowing what works & how it works Information with beliefs, experience and internalized
INTRODUCTION IT is the application of computers and telecommunication equipment to store, retrieve, transmit & manipulate data
Used in the context of a business or enterprise Involves processing of information by a computerToday’s competitive environment has led businesses to integrate IT in every processes.
ADVANTAGES OF IT1. Globalization2. Communication3. Cost effectiveness4. Bridging cultural gap5. 24X7 operation6. Creation of new jobs
DISADVANTAGES OF IT1. Unemployment2. Privacy & safety issues3. Lack of job security4. Dominant culture
CHALLENGES OF IT1. Challenge of globalization2. Challenge of insularity3. Challenge to privacy4. Challenge of ethics
INTRODUCTION IS - set of people, procedures & resources that collects, transforms & disseminate information in organization
Two categories:1. Manual Information Systems2. Computer Based Information System (CBIS)
ROLE OF IS IN BUSINESS TODAY
1. Operational excellence2. New products, services & business models3. Customer/supplier intimacy4. Improved decision making5. Competitive advantage6. Day to day survival
IS ACTIVITIES/FUNCTIONS1. Input of data resources2. Processing of data into information3. Output of information4. Storage5. Control of system performance
CAPABILITIES OF IS1. Provide fast & accurate transaction processing2. Provide large capacity, fast access storage3. Provide fast communications4. Reduce information overload5. Span boundaries6. Provide support for decision making7. Provide a competitive edge
INTRODUCTIONThe “How” of systems engineering Includes methods, tools, procedures, processes, practices and skills
Rough outline & working of the systemEssential for managers to know
OBJECTIVESShows how the system worksExamines the components that work to produce a system & outcome of components
Diagrammatic representation – relation between each system activity & impact
Valuable to see the overall pictureReveals data collection needsHelps in monitoring performance
TYPES OF SDM1. System Development Lifecycle (SDLC)2. Waterfall model3. Prototyping model4. Spiral model5. Rapid Application Development (RAD)
Advantages
ControlAccountabilityError detectionSystematic approachFormal documentation
Disadvantages
InflexibleTime consumingLack of changesTranslation issuesPoor documentation
Advantages
EasyWell defined i/p & o/p at each phase
Helps PM in project planning
Provides a template
Disadvantages
SequentialLacks overlap & interaction
Uncertainty
Advantages
ClarityBest for Non-IT usersProvides judgement to developer
Risk identificationTakes less time
Disadvantages
High costNot useful after getting full requirements from clients
Involvement of clientsPossibility of disruption during changes
Advantages
Early risk identificationVisible prototype to users
For high risk projectsFlexible
Disadvantages
CostlyRisk dependentNot for small projectsDifficult to meet budget
Advantages
Fast product o/pEfficient documentation Interactive with user
Disadvantages
Requires live-ware support
Lack of balance between interface & components
Not suitable for technical risks
KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (KMS)Process of identifying, collecting, preserving & transforming information into knowledge
Information is used to create something actionable
COMPONENTS OF KMS1. Business process management2. Content management3. Web content management4. Knowledge applications management
TYPES1. Enterprise – wide system2. Knowledge work system – eg: CAD, 3D visualization,
etc.3. Intelligent techniques – eg: Data Mining, Fuzzy logic,
etc.
Advantages
Information sharingElimination of redundancy of work
Self - learning
Disadvantages
Investment decision non justifiable
Encouraging employees to share knowledge
Aligning KMS with current practices
Potential for over – reliance
Not staticOver – ambitious project
GISSpecial category of DSS that uses data visualization technology to analyze & display data for planning & decision making
GIS uses colored maps, statistical tables, graphs & images to yield useful knowledge
Uses location, distribution pattern, geographic frame work, etc.
Used in administrative, geology, climatology & related deptartments