InjuriesInjuries

http://utpo.lf1.cuni.czfirstaid.lf1@gmail.cz (password: firstaid)

jana.heczkova@ftn.cz

Charles University in Prague, 1st Faculty of Medicine,Institute of Theory and Practice of Nursing

SHOCKSHOCK

Mechanism Heart Pump failure Blood vessels Pipe failure Blood Fluid loss

Causes Bleeding Burns Head and spine injuries Chest, abdominal and pelvic injuries Heart attack Asthma Poisoning …

SHOCKSHOCK Mechanism

Signs

Initially: Rapid pulse Rapid breathing Pale, cold, clammy skin, lips and nail beds Sweating

As shock develops: Grey-blue skin (cyanosis), especially inside the lips Weakness and dizziness Nausea and possibly vomiting Thirst Breathing is shallow Weak thready pulse

As the brain‘s oxygen supply weakens: Altered mental status Restlessness and aggressiveness Gasping for air Unconsciousness

SHOCKSHOCK Mechanism

Signs First aid

interventions

ABCDE Treat Cause Treat for shock

Position Prevent body heat loss

BLEEDINGBLEEDING

newborn baby 5 year 10 year 15 year

adult

Blood 700 1400 2000 3800 5000volume (ml)

20% 140 280 400 760 1000

BLEEDINGBLEEDING

External bleeding Internal bleeding Bleeding from body opening

Haemorrhage

Arterial Venous Capillary

BLEEDINGBLEEDING

External bleeding Internal bleeding Bleeding from body opening

Gloves Expose wound Direct pressure

BLEEDINGBLEEDING

External bleeding Internal bleeding Bleeding from body opening

Gloves Expose wound Direct pressure Elevation

BLEEDINGBLEEDING

External bleeding Internal bleeding Bleeding from body opening

Gloves Expose wound Direct pressure Elevation Pressure bandage

BLEEDINGBLEEDING

External bleeding Internal bleeding Bleeding from body opening

Gloves Expose wound Direct pressure Elevation Pressure bandage Pressure point

BLEEDINGBLEEDING

External bleeding Internal bleeding Bleeding from body opening

Gloves Expose wound Direct pressure Elevation Pressure bandage Pressure point Tourniquet

BLEEDINGBLEEDING

External bleeding Internal bleeding Bleeding from body opening

Gloves Expose wound Direct pressure Elevation Pressure bandage Pressure point Tourniquet

Amputation

BLEEDINGBLEEDING

External bleeding

Internal bleeding Bleeding from body opening

First Aid Interventions ABCDE Treat for shock

Position Prevent body heat loss

BURNSBURNS

Thermal Chemical Electrical

BURNSBURNS Thermal Chemical Electrical

First degree Second degree Third degree

Risk Severity

BURNSBURNS

Thermal Chemical Electrical

First degree (superficial) Second degree Third degree

BURNSBURNS

Thermal Chemical Electrical

First degree (superficial) Second degree (partial-thickness) Third degree (full-thickness)

BURNSBURNS Thermal Chemical Electrical

First degree (superficial) Second degree (partial-thickness) Third degree (full-thickness)

BURNSBURNS

Thermal Chemical Electrical

First degree (superficial) Second degree (partial-thickness) Third degree (full-thickness)

Risk Severity

BURNSBURNS

Thermal Chemical Electrical

Stop burning ABCDE Treat Cause

Cooling Dressing

Treat for shock Position Prevent body heat loss

First Aid Interventions

BURNSBURNS

Thermal Chemical Electrical

ABCDE Treat Cause

Remove chemicals Dressing

Treat for shock Position Prevent body heat loss

First Aid Interventions

BURNSBURNS Thermal Chemical Electrical

Risk

VF cardiac arrest Respiratory arrest

Muscle spasm

Safety!!! Assess - CPR Treat Cause

Cooling Dressing

Treat for shock Position Prevent body heat loss

First Aid Interventions

HEAD INJURIESHEAD INJURIES

Wounds Fractures Brain injuries

HEAD INJURIESHEAD INJURIES

Wounds Fractures Brain injuries

Scalp Facial

HEAD INJURIESHEAD INJURIES

Wounds

Fractures Brain injuries

Cranium Base

HEAD INJURIESHEAD INJURIES

Wounds Fractures

Brain injuries Concussion Contusion

Compression First Aid Interventions Assess - CPR Treat for shock

Position Prevent body heat loss

SPINAL INJURIESSPINAL INJURIES

Responsive victim Unresponsive victim

First Aid Interventions ABCDE Avoid unnecessary movement Treat for shock

CHEST INJURIESCHEST INJURIES

Injuries to the chest wall Open Closed

Lung injury

CHEST INJURIESCHEST INJURIES

Rib fracture Flail chest

First Aid Interventions ABCDE Treat Cause

Support chest wall

Treat for shock

CHEST INJURIESCHEST INJURIES

Hemothorax Pneumothorax

First Aid Interventions ABCDE Treat Cause

Seal the wound

Treat for shock Position

ABDOMINAL INJURIESABDOMINAL INJURIES

Closed injuries Open injuries

ABDOMINAL INJURIESABDOMINAL INJURIES

Closed injuries Open injuries

First Aid Interventions ABCDE Treat for shock

Blow to the abdomen

ABDOMINAL INJURIESABDOMINAL INJURIES

Closed injuries

Open injuries Penetrating wound Protruding organs

First Aid Interventions

ABCDE Treat Cause

dressing Treat for shock

BONE, JOINT, MUSCLE BONE, JOINT, MUSCLE INJURIESINJURIES

AND OPEN WOUNDSAND OPEN WOUNDS

Fractures Dislocations Sprains Strains Open wounds

BONE, JOINT, MUSCLE BONE, JOINT, MUSCLE INJURIESINJURIES

AND OPEN WOUNDSAND OPEN WOUNDS

Signs

DOTS Deformity Open wounds Tenderness Swelling

BONE, JOINT, MUSCLE BONE, JOINT, MUSCLE INJURIESINJURIES

AND OPEN WOUNDSAND OPEN WOUNDS

Signs

CSM Circulation Sensation Movement

BONE, JOINT, MUSCLE BONE, JOINT, MUSCLE INJURIESINJURIES

AND OPEN WOUNDSAND OPEN WOUNDS

First Aid Interventions Rest Ice Compression Elevation

Practice: Practice: Log-rolling techniqueLog-rolling technique

RESOURCESRESOURCES

National Safety Council; FIRST AID AND CPR.

Chapleau, W., Pons, P. (2007) EMERGENCY MEDICAL TECHNICIAN. St. Louis: Elsevier

Caroline, N. (2007) EMERGENCY CARE IN THE STREET. 6th ed. London: Jones and Bartlett

http://www.orthonurse.org/portals/0/spine%20trauma.pdf http://www.itim.nsw.gov.au/index.cfm?objectid=B87D2A77-1321-

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