Integumentary System

Integumentary System

• Integumentary system

• It performs these functions: ▫ Protects body

▫ Maintains body temperature

▫ Eliminates waste

▫ Helps respond to touch sensations

▫ Absorbs substances

▫ Helps produce vitamin D

Layers of Skin

• Epidermis

• Dermis

• Hypodermis

Pigmentation

• Skin color is inherited

• Melanin

• Carotene

Glands of the Skin

• Sudoriferous glands

• Sebaceous glands

Hair

• Hair helps protect the body ▫ Root

▫ Shaft

Abnormal Pigmentation

• Albinos

• Born with abnormal condition in which the skin has no pigment. These people are known as albinos. Their skin has a pinkish tint, and their hair is pale yellow or white. Their eyes are red and very sensitive to light.

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zd7RRr5Eubg

Jaundice

Jaundice is a yellow color of

the skin that can indicate liver

or gallbladder disease or other

diseases where red blood cells

are destroyed.

erythema

• Erythema is a reddish color of the skin that can be caused by burns or by blood clogging in the vessels.

Cyanosis

• Cyanosis is a bluish color of the skin that is caused by a lack of oxygen.

Poisoning

• Chronic poisoning may cause the skin to look gray or brown. (or in this case, blue)

• Paul Karason (died 2013 from an unrelated issue) poisoned by colloidal silver

Diseases and Disorders of the Integumentary System

• Acne vulgaris is The exact cause is not known, but it is most likely caused by too much sebum being produced. Excess oil, dirt, or bacteria may block openings to the sebaceous glands or hair follicles.

• As a result, skin eruptions on the face and upper back may occur.

• Treatment may involve a special skin washing routine, topical ointments, antibiotics, and exposure to ultraviolet light. Heavy creams and makeup should be avoided.

Contact Dermatitis

• Contact dermatitis is an inflammation of the skin that can be caused by anything that irritates the skin.

• It is often an allergic reaction to pollen, detergents, cosmetics, or even food.

• Symptoms include redness, itching, swelling, and blisters.

• Treatment involves removing the irritant that is causing the problem. After the area is washed, topical ointments may also be applied.

Eczema

• Eczema is Diet, soaps, cosmetics, medications, and stress can all cause eczema.

• Symptoms include dry, red, itchy, and scaly skin.

• Treatment involves removing the irritant and applying topical medications containing hydrocortisone.

Psoriasis

• Psoriasis is a The exact cause is not known, but the disorder may be triggered by stress.

• Symptoms include dry red patches covered with silvery-white scales on the trunk, arms, hands, legs, and scalp.

• Treatment may relieve symptoms, but there is no cure. Treatment involves topical ointments, removal of scales, and exposure to ultraviolet light.

Macule

• Macule: Flat, discolored spot on the skin; such as a freckle

Vesicle

• Vesicle: Raised, fluid-filled sac; such as a blister

Papule

• Papule: Raised, solid area less than 1 cm in diameter

Wheal

• Wheal: Itchy, raised area with an irregular shape; such as a hive

Pustule

• Pustule: Pus-filled, raised sac; such as acne

Crust

• Crust: Dry pus or blood covering an injury; such as a scab

Ulcer

• Ulcer: Open sore with deep loss of skin surface

Pressure Ulcer Points and Staging

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