Integumentary　２ t

8/19/2019 Integumentary t

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The Integumentary System

Chapter 6


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• Organs are two or more tissues whichtogether perform a specialized function.

• Epithelial membranes are thin structures

that usually contain both epithelial andconnective tissue.


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Three types of epithelialmembranes

• Serous Membranes – ine cavities and cover organs – Simple s!uamous epi. over loose connective

tissue – "arietal and visceral portions – Secrete a serous #watery$ fluid for lubrication


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• Mucous membranes – ine cavities that open to the e%terior – ayer of epithelium over connective tissue&

epithelium varies with location – Tight 'unctions and goblet cells

• Cutaneous membrane is the s(in – the ma'or organ of the integumentary system


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• Integumentary system is the s(in and theorgans derived from it #hair) glands) nails$

• *ne of the largest organs – + s!uare meters& ,- ,, lbs. – argest sense organ in the body

• The study of the s(in is Dermatology


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/unctions0,. 1egulation of body temperature

– Cellular metabolism produces heat as a waste product .

–2igh temperature• 3ilate surface blood vessels

• Sweating

– ow temperature• Surface vessels constrict• shivering


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+. "rotectionphysical abrasiondehydrationultraviolet radiation

4. Sensationtouchvibration

paintemperature


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5. %cretion

7. Immunity8 1esistance

6. 9lood 1eservoir : ,- ; in a resting adult


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=natomy

• pidermis S(in• 3ermis

• Subcutaneous layer or hypodermis


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pidermis

• Stratum basale #stratum germinativum$ – Single layer of cuboidal to columnar cells – Stem cells that produce (eratinocytes – >elanocytes ? the same for all races

• >elanin produced in a melanosome


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• Stratum spinosum #thorn li(e) pric(ly$ – : ,- layers attached by desmosomes – See spines when cell is stained for

microscopy – @eratinocytes ta(e in melanin by cytocrine

secretion


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• Stratum granulosum – 4 7 layers

– @eratinization begins here – @eratohyalin found in granules – Cells beginning to die


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• Stratum lucidum #lucid A clear$ – >ore apparent in thic( s(in – 4 7 layers of clear cells – leidin

• Stratum corneum #corneum means horny$ – 3ead) flat cells full of (eratin – @eratin is waterproof – Cells are shed

• 9asal cell to surface – about + 5 wee(s


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3ermis

• Connective tissue layer • Collagen and elastic fibers) nerves) blood

vessels) muscle fibers) adipose cells) hair

follicles and glands.• "apillary layer

– ,87 of dermis – loose areolar connective

tissue – 2ighly vascular – 3ermal papillae fingerprints


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• 1eticular #net$ layer – 3ense irregular connective tissue – Sebaceous #oil$ glands – 2air follicles – 3ucts of sudoriferous #sweat$ glands – Striae or stretch mar(s – >eissnerBs corpuscles and "acinian

corpuscles


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2ypodermis

• =ttaches the reticular layer to theunderlying organs

• oose connective tissue and adiposetissue

• >a'or blood vessels – rete cutaneum


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=ccessory organs or epidermalderivatives

• 2airs – pidermal growths that function in protection – Shaft) root) and folllicle – Sebaceous glands) arrector pili muscle) and

hair root ple%us #touch$ – 2air growth and replacement have a cyclical

pattern – male patternB baldness


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Dails

• "lates of highly pac(ed) (eratinized cells• "rotection) scratching) E manipulation

• /ormed by cells in nail bed called thematri% # in area of lunula$• , mm 8 wee(

• ponychium cuticle


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S(in Flands

• Sebaceous (oil) glands – Gsually connected to hair follicles – 2olocrine glands – /ats) cholesterol) proteins) salts) and cell

debris – >oistens hair and waterproofs s(in


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• Sweat (sudoriferous) glands – Eccrine sweat glands

• Merocrine glands• Water, salt, wastes• unction is to cool the body (also ner!ous)

– "pocrine sweat glands• #arger, merocrine glands• "ssociated with hair follicles

• More !iscous $ fatty acids and proteins• Odor occurs when bro%en down by bacteria


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• Ceruminous glands – >odified sudoriferous glands – Secrete cerumen #ear wa%$

• Mammary glands – Secrete mil(


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S(in color

• Fenetic factors – Same number of melanocytes – =lbinism

• nvironmental factors – Gv light or % rays


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• "hysiological factors

– =mount of blood – =mount of o%ygen

• Cyanosis• Carotene accumulation• Haundice – liver disorder


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ound healing

• Inflammation – 9lood vessels dilate and become permeable

• 2eat) redness) swelling and pain

• Shallow cuts – pithelial cells migrate

– Contact inhibition


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3eeper wounds

• Inflammatory phase – /ibrin forms clot

• >igratory phase – /ibroblasts ma(e granulation tissue

• "roliferative phase

• >aturation phase• Scars – hypertrophic scar – (eloid


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9urns

• /irst degree or partial thic(ness burn – *nly epidermis is damaged – rythema) mild edema) surface layer shed – 2ealing – a few days to two wee(s – Do scarring


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• Second degree deep partial layer burn – 3estroys epidermis – 9listers form – 2ealing depends on survival of accessory

organs

– Do scars unless infected


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• Third degree or full thic(ness burn – 3estroys epidermis) dermis and accessory

organs of the s(in – 2ealing occurs from margins inward – S(in grafting may be needed

• =utograft• 2omograft

• 1ule of Dines


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Integumentary ２ t

Integumentary　２ t