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INTERACTION DEVICESINTERACTION DEVICES
Lori Stringer
INTERACTION DEVICESINTERACTION DEVICES
Interaction devices involve physical actions of dragging, clicking, typing, speaking, writing, etc. . .
Devices should be easy to use.
GOALS OF INTERACTION GOALS OF INTERACTION DEVICESDEVICES
Increase performance speed
Reduce error rates of users
HISTORY OF INTERACTION HISTORY OF INTERACTION DEVICESDEVICES
Sharp Rocks Chalk Papyrus and Paper Ink Quills and Fountain Pens Pencils Ballpoint Pens Typewriters
Sharp RocksSharp Rocks
The all-purpose tool for the cave man; good for killing, skinning, and making drawings on the cave wall.
ChalkChalk
“A soft, earthy substance, of a white, grayish, or yellowish color, consisting of calcium carbonate, and having the same composition as common limestone.”
Papyrus and PaperPapyrus and Paper
Egyptians, Romans, Greeks and Hebrews used papyrus.
Wood-fiber paper was invented by the Chinese in 105 A.D.
“Paper was not widely used throughout Europe until paper mills were built in the late 14th century.”
InkInk
Invented by the Chinese, it was originally made of soot and lamp oil mixed with the gelatin of donkey skin and musk.
Other mixtures included: dyes and colors from berries, plants, and minerals.
By 400 A.D. Ink was uniformly made of iron-salts, nutgalls, and gum.
Quills and Fountain PensQuills and Fountain Pens
Quills were introduced around 700 A.D.
Goose feathers were the most common
Lasted only one week The oldest fountain pen
has survived since 1702, but the first practical pen wasn’t patented until Lewis Waterman came along in 1884.
PencilsPencils
The process to make pencils was patented in 1795 by a French chemist named Nicolas Conte.
“He used a mixture of clay and graphite that was fired before it was put in a wooden case.”
Since the mixture was fired in a kiln, you could control the hardness.
The name pencil comes “from the old English word meaning ‘brush’.”
Ballpoint PensBallpoint Pens
Invented by two Hungarian brothers (Ladislo Biro and George Biro) in 1938.
Today the “Bic Crystal has a daily world wide sales figure of 14,000,000 pieces.”
Today much of the world still refers to these pens as Biros
TypewritersTypewriters
Invented in 1868 by Christopher Latham Sholes.
The first one was more like a telegraph instrument, it did not have keys. Sholes later added them.
Remington & Sons started production on them in 1874.
CURRENT INTERACTION CURRENT INTERACTION DEVICESDEVICES
Keyboard Mouse Trackball Touchpad/Trackpad Pointing Stick Joystick Wheel
Light Pen Touch Screen Stylus Graphic Tablet Tablet PC Voice Recognition Handwriting Recognition
Types of KeyboardsTypes of Keyboards
QWERTYDVORAKEnhancedCordlessErgonomic
Keyboard FactsKeyboard Facts
QWERTY: standard keyboard. The fist six leftmost letters on the top alphabetic line spell QWERTY
Enhanced: Most commonly used today. These keyboards have twelve function keys along the top, 2 CTRL keys, 2 ALT keys, arrows, etc.
Keyboard Facts IIKeyboard Facts II
Cordless: a battery-powered device that transmits data using wireless technology, such as radio waves or infrared waves.
Ergonomic: this keyboard is specially designed to reduce the chance of wrist injuries.
QWERTYQWERTY
ENHANCED KEYBOARDENHANCED KEYBOARD
ERGONOMIC KEYBOARDERGONOMIC KEYBOARD
Pointing DevicesPointing Devices
Pointing device: an input device that allows you to control a pointer on the screen
They are generally fast and easy to use, but require hand-eye coordination
Types of Pointing DevicesTypes of Pointing Devices
Mouse Trackball Touchpad/Trackpad Pointing Stick
Joy Stick/Wheel Light Pen Touch Screen Stylus
MouseMouse
Invented by Doug Englebart in 1964.
Most used pointing device for desktop computers
Types of MiceTypes of Mice
Mechanical Mouse: has a rubber or metal ball on the bottom. The motion of the ball controls the motion of the pointer. This type should be used on a mouse pad.
Optical Mouse: has no moving mechanical parts inside. It uses optical sensors or lasers that emit and sense light to detect the mouse’s movement. The type often requires a special mouse pad.
TrackballTrackball
Stationary pointing device with a ball on top,(upside down mouse)
To move the pointer you rotate the ball
Requires frequent cleaning because of oil and dust
Benefit: you don’t have to move the entire device, so it takes up less space
Touchpad/TrackpadTouchpad/Trackpad
Small, flat, rectangular device that is sensitive to pressure and motion
You move the pointer by sliding your finger around
You tap the pad to initiate a “click”
Most often found on notebook computers
Pointing StickPointing Stick
Pressure sensitive device shaped like a pencil eraser that is positioned between keys on the keyboard.
First developed by IBM for their notebook computers
Joystick & WheelJoystick & Wheel These devices are used for
game software or flight and driving software.
The name joystick comes from early history in aircraft control.
Joystick: a vertical lever mounted on a base. It is easily moved in multiple directions.
Wheel: a steering-wheel type device used in auto simulation games
Light PenLight Pen
A handheld device that contains a light source or can detect light.
Some require specially designed monitors.
One problem is hand fatigue.
Touch ScreenTouch Screen
A touch sensitive display you interact with by touching areas of the screen with your fingers
Examples: Kiosks (Wal-Mart automotive department) and ATM machines
StylusStylus
Looks like a ballpoint pen. It uses pressure to write and draw lines.
Original names were: “electronic pen” or
“e-pen”
Other Interaction DevicesOther Interaction Devices
Graphic TabletTablet PCVoice RecognitionHandwriting Recognition
Graphic TabletGraphic Tablet
It is a flat, rectangular electronic plastic board
Also called a “digitizer” or “digitizing tablet”
Used along with a stylus One use: architects, map
makers, artists, and designers create drawings and sketches using it
Tablet PCTablet PC
Weighs around 3 lbs. Uses a digital pen Microsoft version uses
Windows XP Professional It has handwriting and
voice recognition capabilities– Take notes and save
them– Convert handwritten
documents into typed documents
Voice RecognitionVoice Recognition
Voice recognition: a computer’s capability of distinguishing spoken words.
You speak into a microphone and the words display on the screen.
You can also edit and format a document by speaking or spelling instructions.
Handwriting RecognitionHandwriting Recognition
Process by which handwritten letters and symbols are translated into characters that the computer understands.
Used by many notebook computers and handheld computers.
Requires the use of a stylus.
ProblemsProblems
One problem with keyboards is that the keys are so close together you often hit the wrong key.
Fast typists are slowed down because of the need to switch between the mouse and the keyboard.
Most of these devices are for your hands and can cause fatigue and other long term health problems such as carpal tunnel syndrome.
FutureFuture
In the future devices may be:– Very small– Embedded in the
environment, in other words all around us
– Rely more on voice command instead of mice and other input devices
ReferencesReferences
www.csse.monash.edu.au/courseware/cse5930/lectures/lecture10.ppt
http://inventors.about.com/library/weekly/aa100197.htm http://inventors.about.com/library/weekly/aa100897.htm http://inventors.about.com/library/weekly/aa101697.htm http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blpen.htm www.ask.com www.microsoft.com Shelly, Cashman, Vermaat. Discovering Computers:
Concepts for a Digital World. United States: Thomson Learning, 2001.