International Artillery · PDF fileInternatIonal artIllery SympoSIum 2014 5 I a S IaroerSteIn ermany o 0 10 2014 Introduction Colonel Fiepko Kolman, Deputy Commander of German Artillery

International Artillery SymposiumGerman Artillery School

IDAR-OBERSTEIN/ GERMANY

06–1

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POC: Lieutenant Colonel Lutz AltekrügerPhone: +49 6781 51-2559E-Mail: [email protected]

InternatIonal artIllery SympoSIum 2014 3

International Artillery Symposium

IDAR-OBERSTEIN/ GERMANYOctober 06 – 10, 2014

CONTENT

5 INTRODUCTION Colonel Fiepko Kolman, Deputy Commander of German Artillery School and Deputy General of German Artillery

7 LEADING ARTICLE “Joint Fire Support and Indirect Fire (JFS/ IndirF)” Lieutenant General Bruno Kasdorf, Chief of Staff, Army, STRAUSBERG

11 INPUT ARTICLE Capability Development from a Single Source Major General Erhard Drews, Commander Army Concepts and Capabilities Development Center, COLOGNE

17 INPUT ARTICLE Joint Fire Support (JFS) Major General Walter Spindler, Commander Army Training Command, LEIPZIG

SCHEDULE19 ARRIVAL21 MAIN CONFERENCE DAY 123 MAIN CONFERENCE DAY 225 MAIN CONFERENCE DAY 325 DEPARTURE

27 EXHIBITORS

29 VENUE & ACCOMODATION

32 IMPRINT

33 EDITORIAL CONTRIBUTIONS

Military and industry speakers are kindly requested to make the contributions/ articles available on a data medium for being included in the next artillery magazine ZU GLEICH in december 2014. Preferably in english and german.

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IntroductionColonel Fiepko Kolman, Deputy Commander of German Artillery School and Deputy General of German Artillery

I have the great pleasure to welcome you to the International Artillery Symposium 2014 at the Artillery School in IDAR-OBERSTEIN.

Brigadier General Hupka, the acting School Commander, asked me to give his best regards to you. His duty location is currently TAMPA/FLA, where he is Chief, German Liaison Team with USCENTCOM until early 2015.

This annual International Artillery Symposium has become a tradition meanwhile, emphasizing the increasing significance of the multinational integration of our armed forces and in particular field artillery.

International operations such as the 12 years in AFGHANISTAN showed us clearly the capabilities and limitations of multinationality. The lessons learned there form the basis for further considerations regarding international cooperation. It can be stated that in many cases we have had a much better multinational cooperation in theater than during routine operation, training and exercises.

‘Joint’ and ‘combined’ are the two challenges we have to cope with. Although the ‘combined’ approach is very hard to implement we sometimes have to realize that ‘joint’ can even harder be achieved. At times it may be easier to come to terms with a French gunner than with German Air Force.

Regarding the ‘combined’ approach, however, we can produce a number of achievements. There are the ASCA interface, the EFCS of the MLRS launcher, the PzH 2000 training cooperation with our Dutch friends, the DEU/AUT/CHE/NLD Artillery Talks, to mention only some prominent examples.

All our efforts have only one goal, to optimize the effectiveness, the striking power of the forces employed. Quite honestly, the available financial resources in almost all nations will force us to increase and extend cooperation, more or less gently. Considering only the cooperation of field artillery and mortars falls short of the mark. We gunners, the core element of Joint Fire Support, will have to live up to our spearheading role in concentrating effects, bringing to bear our expertise.

Joint training, exercises and operations must be intensified step by step, as well as the efforts to standardize equipment, to take full advantage of the available resources. Only if we succeed in doing so we will have done our homework, making sure that our soldiers stand their ground in operations with equal training and equally good equipment.

I wish all of us some interesting days with lively debates, fruitful exchange of ideas and new concepts and thoughts to cope with the emerging challenges.

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“Joint Fire Support and Indirect Fire (JFS/ IndirF)”

a contribution of the Army to joint mission performance and international training cooperationLieutenant General Bruno Kasdorf, Chief of Staff, Army, STRAUSBERG

The initial situation

Germany’s Army Command is not the only military command to be forced to gear its concepts and activities to the need to consolidate because of tight financial and demographic resources, but also to anticipate the requirements of future operations.

The framework conditions for preventive security in Germany have changed fundamentally over the past twenty years. Today we are facing an unpredictable and ever increasing number of regional conflicts with a risk potential by the activities of asymmetric opponents. In that contect controlling urban centers is essential for establishing and maintaining public order. Our own forces regularly have to operate in large urban areas, always in direct contact with the civilian population, and often enough it is hardly possible to tell uninvolved persons from opponents. Also, they are frequently employed in overextended areas where an opponent may unexpectedly gain superiority, albeit limited in space and time.

During such operations the projection of kinetic effect is an indispensable precondition for success. Besides the capability of exercising rapid, flexible and precise escalation and de-escalation, the essential factors in such operations are ensuring force protection, preventing collateral damage, and complying with the restrictions imposed by Rules of Engagement. In addition, the need for the military leader to be advised in questions of fire support in land operations must also be satisfied

Operations in Afghanistan in the area of responsibility of RC North exemplified for the first time how the above mentioned requirements to Joint Fire Support were successfully met. During live firing JFS demonstrated its capabilities, its importance and its relevance and proved that with standardized procedures, high-quality training and common thinking and acting even under the most difficult conditions successful fire support can be provided in a “joint and combined” approach.

The Objective

Unlike NATO’s operative Joint Fire process, the German approach to JFS is geared to direct support at tactical level. Given the large number of national and multinational sensors, airborne, sea and land based weapon systems and command and control systems, JFS is a complex task. It is essential to orchestrate the available reconnaissance, target acquisition and target engagement spectrum without time-consuming planning and decision-making processes to ensure fire support of patrols, convoys, platoons, maneuver companies or task forces against unexpected targets at tactical level. It is irrelevant who provides fire support and by means of what weapon systems. The crucial factor is that fire of the quality required is delivered on target and in time.

Implementation

JFS is coordinated and performed by the German Army within the scope of tasks carried out for all arms and services of the Bundeswehr - in other words: the German Army performs an interservice function.

Within the Army the artillery has lead responsibility representing the main element of fire support. Apart from the Army Aviation’s TIGER attack helicopter the artillery with its formations provides the majority of the target engagement and target acquisition systems as the Army contribution to JFS. Also the majority of the JFS coordination elements are structurally and procedurally replicated by the artillery. In addition, the artillery is also responsible for all team training of the coordination elements.

The chief tasks of all JFS coordination elements are joint fire support planning, coordination at the relevant levels, and its implementation. Finally, the artillery performs advisory functions for commanders, military leaders and headquarters regarding the capabilities of the weapon systems employed at the various tactical levels.

InternatIonal artIllery SympoSIum 20148



The tactical freedom of action of own forces can be significantly enhanced for military leaders conducting land operations mainly by using the capability profile of artillery battalions and the capabilities of airborne and sea-based weapon systems. They are in a position to project rapid and precise stand-off effects against a broad target spectrum in almost any weather con-ditions, by day and night, under threat and even in complex terrain. One-on-one combat situations can thus be avoided or minimized, battles can be decided before they start. In addition, the prerequisites can be established for responding flexibly and promptly to the development of the situation and for creating and shif-ting main efforts as required with the aim to gain and maintain the initiative on the ground with fire support.

The artillery with its four re-structured battalions sup-ports land operations in all task and intensity spec-trums. With their new internal structure the artillery battalions are adjusted to the requirements of today’s and future operational scenarios and practically have the same organization; for the first time each forma-tion features nearly all capabilities - command and control, reconnaissance and target acquisition as well as target engagement. Using the ADLER command, control and weapon employment system, a central ele ment of JFS, and the interface teams all com-mand, control, coordination and weapon systems in the JFS integrated system can seamlessly exchange the data required for fire support.

Even now the ASCA interface (Artillery Systems Cooperation Activities) permits real-time cooperation between France, Italy, Turkey, the United States and Germany that extends even to live firing. The extraordinary capability for international cooperation is emphasized by the very good results of common

artillery firings during multinational exercises such as COMBINED ENDEAVOR 2013 at GRAFENWÖHR, BOLD QUEST in the USA in May 2014, and the participation of German forces in Italian live firing exercises in spring this year.

Consequences for Training and Internationalization

Standardized NATO procedures apply for JFS when using Close Air Support (CAS), Close Combat Attack (CCA), Naval Surface Fire Support (NSFS) und Indirect Fire (IF). Fire support using ground-based as well as sea-based and airborne effectors in a complex operational environment requires technically competent, very well trained personnel familiar with working on a multinational scale. Particularly against the backdrop of maintaining the acquired competence after Afghanistan and ever tighter resources, internationalization of training offers an option of maintaining and raising the level of quality as well as sustainability in the field of JFS. At the same time the costs for this complex and lengthy training can be kept in check.

The German Army is currently improving the JFS coordination elements training capability at the future JFS and Indirect Fire Training Unit at IDAR-OBERSTEIN. Besides indirect fire assets mainly Air Force and Army Aviation personnel will be integrated with NSFS to be included for training procedures.

The available infrastructure at the present Artillery School, the BAUMHOLDER Major Training Area with its possibilities for CAS and live indirect fire as well as a nearby fighter bomber wing offer excellent conditions for training and exercises. This is optimized by the existing simulator landscape and a NATO-certified

Figure 1: JFS Coordination Elements




JFST simulator available from 2015. The objective is to offer international partners the use of these training facilities for conducting courses in order to provide a verifiable qualitative and quantitative contribution to the JFS capability provision to NATO in the Priority Shortfall Area “Joint Fire” as part of “smart cooperation”.

Strictly speaking, we have already adopted the course towards international integration. This is highlighted, for instance, by the promotion of the Dutch-Belgian-German project GRIFFIN as well as the consolidation of the existing training cooperation with the Netherlands, Austria and France. These represent already significant development steps towards a multinationally designed training facility.

Summary and Outlook

In future, the operational effectiveness of land for ces will experience a significant boost by JFS and the close cooperation with our partner forces - by stand-off projection of precise effect with assets adjusted to the specific area, time and tactical purpose.

JFS is a fine example of what is meant when we talk about the future viability of land forces: besides the serious considerations regarding the further develop-ment of joint training, contemplating ways of design-ing training cooperation with foreign partners is of tre-mendous importance. In a combined effort of sharing tasks, our Army offers allies and partners many oppor-tunities of integrating their contributions in a flexible and synergetic way into the Army set of forces - on the other hand, however, our contributions will have to stay admissible to international structures, too.

Our objective is to improve - in close cooperation with our partners - both the operational effectiveness in standby commitments and permanent missions, and efficiency in establishing operational readiness overall. With the JFS/Indirect Fire Training Unit at IDAR-OBERSTEIN the Army will remain in step with the National Level of Ambition as it continues to reliably make its contribution to joint and multinational operations as a backing partner in an international environment.

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Army Concepts and Capabilities Development CenterSingle-Stage Capability Development

The implementation of new processes is one of the focal points in the framework of the Bundes-wehr’s reorientation aimed at a streamlined and equally effective structure. Along with the introduction of an Integrated Planning Process and the amendment of Customer Product Management (CPM), Army capability development was fundamentally modified.

Until the end of March 2013 a two-stage system was used for capability development - with the Future Development Departments at the Army Schools as the first and the Army Office as the second level. After the disbandment of the Future Development Departments on 31 Mar 2013 and the formation of the Army Concepts and Capabilities Development Center on 1 Apr 2013, the single-stage capability development system was implemented.

Mission

As directed by the Headquarters of the German Army the Army Concepts and Capabilities Development Center is responsible for Army concepts, further development and organization. In an overall approach it identifies and prepares all relevant capabilities, concepts and organizational foundations for the further development of the Army, provides guidance for training and instruction, and assists the Headquarters of the German Army with preparing contributions to the Bundeswehr Plan. In the context of future development, contributions to the Bundeswehr capability posture are of special

significance. In addition, the Center develops organizational basics, participates in realizing the target organization, contributes to basing plans, and prepares infrastructural requirements.

The Army Concepts and Capabilities Development Center is thus an essential element of the Army for performing the tasks listed here. The requirement profile of the armed forces and therefore consequently of the Army, known as the Level of Ambition, is of particular importance. Constant comparisons of the actual requirements to the current capability profile reveal a delta, i.e. a capability gap, to be closed by means of specific further developments in the fields of concepts and materiel, for instance by initiating a new armaments project.

For mission accomplishment and in the course of consistent process orientation, a revolutionary approach was pursued for the transition from the Army Office to the Army Concepts and Capabilities Development Center by establishing a matrix organization with flat hierarchies in otherwise very hierarchic structures such as the military.

OrganizationFor the purpose of the Army Concepts and Capability Development Center this organizational design implies that both the technical and branch-specific work in the divisions is controlled by capability and project-oriented coordination, - work that covers all aspects of Army development planning from concepts, command and control, training and instruction, organization to the further development of equipment. This approach requires and promotes comprehensive perception and is characterized by high flexibility and effectiveness.

Capability Development from a Single SourceStatus Quo – Achievements to Date – Outlook

Major General Erhard Drews, Commander Army Concepts and Capabilities Development Center, COLOGNE




Accordingly, the Center comprises four divisions:

- Division I Policy/Integration,

- Division II Combat,

- Division III Intelligence and Reconnaissance/ Support,

- Division IV C-IED

Pilot Functions

In addition to the original mission, the Army Concepts and Capabilities Development Center performs pilot functions for the armed forces and/or the Bundeswehr, drawing on the branch-specific competence of the divisions. Capability development tasks in these fields were transferred to the Army, specifically to the Army Concepts and Capabilities Development Center. Apart from the pilot functions in terms of Counter-IED, the Bundeswehr HUMINT service and explosive ordnance disposal, the Joint Fire Support/Indirect Fire Branch bears overall responsibility for joint fire support within the Intelligence and Reconnaissance/Support Division.

What makes this pilot function for joint fire support unique is that as a matter of principle it is performed from a joint and combined perspective. In other words, it was necessary to overcome the orientation towards the interests of the own branch to accomplish the primary tasks of the JFS/Indirect Fire Branch to obtain a larger overall picture and to include the interests of the other services and major organizational elements into the capability development process.

Branch III 2 JFS/ Indirect FireThe chronological and contents-specific relevance of the JFS pilot function lies in its joint and multinational orientation as well as in the significance for operations across the current and future operational spectrums. This emphasizes the importance of JFS and indicates the major responsibility of the Army. The medium-term goal of the Federal Ministry of Defense for the year 2015 categorizes Joint Fire Support as Intermediate Objective 1, to be implemented not later than 2019. Essential JFS projects rank high on the priority list for the Financial Requirements Analysis.

Figure 1: Matrix Organization Army Concepts and Capabilities Development Center




Besides the overarching JFS pilot function the JFS/Indirect Fire Branch has the task to ensure the conceptual development of JFS, of the field artillery and the whole field of indirect fires for the full mission spectrum, to update the Joint Fire Support/Indirect Fire/Field Artillery (artillery) capability posture, to control the preparation of conceptual targets for the further development of the structure, organization, training as well as equipment, and finally to safeguard the interests of the Army with regard to Fire Support/Indirect Fire/Field Artillery by the appointment of Authorized Representatives of the Army under the amended CPM.

Status quo of Selected Branch III 2 JFS/Indirect Fire Task AreasOne of the main tasks of the JFS/Indirect Fire Branch is the preparation of initiatives. The ongoing process of reconciling the current capability profile with existing force requirements, which de facto is a continuous target/actual comparison, entails that initiatives are prepared to launch an armament project to close an identified capability gap.

Preparation of Initiatives – Current Status of JFS Projects

Figure 2: FENNEK JFST

Within the scope of the project Joint Fire Support Team light, motorized, vehicle type FENNEK, configuration Joint Fire Support Team, an initiative for the conversion of scout vehicles to JFST FENNEK was prepared and submitted to the Bundeswehr Planning Office through German Army Headquarters. The intention behind the conversion of unused scout vehicles to JFST FENNEK was to achieve a capability gain for Joint Fire Support at an early stage. Since the HEER2011 Army structure is consistently focused on

operations, the number of JFST required rises to 72. Of the total of 72 Joint Fire Support Teams planned, 32 are to be equipped with the FENNEK vehicle. The vehicles procured to date cover just under a third of the actual requirement for this vehicle type. Therefore, the objective of the initiative is to provide these JFST with a sufficient number of vehicles that have the necessary protection level and degree of mobility and tally with the sustainability of the supported infantry forces.

For the support of armored troops the initiative Joint Fire Support Team heavy (JFST hvy) was prepared and submitted to the Planning Office. The capability gap to be closed with this initiative was identified with regard to the vehicle equipment for those JFST allocated to support the mechanized forces. Currently, there is no suitable vehicle available to support these forces in all types and intensities of combat in both symmetrical and asymmetrical operations. It is therefore the objective of the initiative to ensure that these JFST are provided with vehicles whose equipment guarantees the protection level, the degree of mobility and the sustainability adequate to the needs of the mechanized forces to be supported.

Figure 3: JFSCG Concept

The Bundeswehr Planning Office submitted a positive assessment proposal to the Federal Ministry of Defense regarding the implementation of the initiative to establish twelve Joint Fire Support Coordination Groups (JFSCG). At the brigade and division levels, JFS command and control will in future be exercised by JFSCGs. The JFSCGs will thus be integrated into the brigade and/or division command post in order to implement the effects requests into engagement processes. The joint employment of effectors in the framework of JFS as well as the multinational integration of armed forces place new demands on time and level-appropriate information supply.




An integral part of the appropriate C2 facility, all capabilities required for JFS, for the first time, are now concentrated functionally, locally and under a unified command. At the tactical level, the JFSCG constitutes the interface to other services and allied nations. The initial operational capability of the JFSCG is scheduled for the period 2017-2020.

The Technical Data Link Joint Fire Support Interface Team Initial Operational Capability provides the JFSCG with the national and multinational information access to indirect fire, to attack helicopters of the ground forces as well as to air and naval forces. Following completion of the required works in the wake of the operational suitability test, delivery to the units will occur in parallel with the International Artillery Symposium on 7 Oct 2014. The interface team marks a big step toward network enabled operation capability for JFS. It ensures a smooth, near-real time and valid information exchange during operations of all intensities. Initially, a total of four interface teams will be procured.

Figure 4: TDL JFS IT IOC

Army, Air Force and Navy prepared mutually prioritized solution proposals for a Joint Fire Support Training Simulator to be submitted for selection. A selection decision can be expected soon, since the project has already been earmarked in the 2014 Financial Requirements Analysis, thus getting the budgetary preconditions for a speedy procurement off the ground.

Activities Reaching Across Subcapabilities

Soon after a dynamic phase of establishing the Army Concepts and Capabilities Development Center, the JFS/Indirect Fire Branch initiated several

expert meetings to afford all persons involved the opportunity to obtain a common situation picture, to identify any need for action whenever possible, and to launch first measures, wherever necessary.

Army Indirect Fire Munitions Expert Meeting

Being responsible for the further development of indirect fire in the Army, the JFS/Indirect Fire Branch, in November 2013, organized for the first time an expert meeting on indirect fires munitions with the cooperation and participation of representatives from all major organizational elements. Participants of the meeting were able to define a common coordination point for the further development of the topics and problems discussed in the field of munitions, including the requirement and allocation of training ammunition as well as the development of mortar, rocket, cannon and precision ammunition. A second Munitions Expert Meeting is scheduled for October 2014.

Joint Fire Support Expert Meeting

Similar to the Munitions Expert Meeting, the JFS/Indirect Fire Branch conducted - in the framework of its JFS pilot function for the Bundeswehr - the first Joint Fire Support Expert Meeting of the Army Con-cepts and Capabilities Development Center in Jan-uary 2014. The attendance of more than 60 experts from all major military organizational elements high-lighted the great significance of JFS for the armed forces and emphasized the huge joint interest.

The goal was to establish and/or improve the manifold work relations to all major military organizational elements and across all levels, besides creating a common situation picture and identifying any need for action in all fields. The focus of the second JFS Expert Meeting scheduled in late 2014, will be on a review of the discussions held on topics such as maneuver forces’ requirements in terms of fire support, lessons learned on operations, current and future efforts for internationalization as well as current attempts to improve target locating accuracy and the use of precision ammunition.

Artillery Command and Control Circuit

Branch III 2 JFS/Indirect Fire was also tasked with convening the Artillery Command and Control Circuit to conduct an artillery expert meeting in March 2014. This meeting was of particular importance and had an external impact since it was the first one of its kind held under the responsibility of the Army Concepts and Capabilities Development Center after its establishment on 1 Apr 2014.




In addition to the participants who already had attended the previous expert meetings, the most important attendees, however, were battalion commanders and their deputies.

The intention was to show the commanders particu-larly the immediate instruments and tools offered by the Army Concepts and Capabilities Development Center’s JFS/Indirect Fire Branch.

During the meeting, the focus was put on the comparison of the current state of affairs with future developments in terms of technology, structures, procedures and provision of resources, which resulted in the identification of joint fields of activity and concrete measures derived from them.

The main part of the meeting consisted of presentations describing the individual situations of our artillery battalions. Presentations dealing with all primary staff functions and future challenges provided all agencies, centers and institutions with first-hand information about the situation in the units and enabled them to identify any required support activities in their respective area of responsibility.

International Training Cooperation

JFS is not a national, German approach. Instead, from the very beginning, it has been geared towards Joint and Combined in the light of mission orientation and standardized multinational planning and operational procedures. This has a decisive influence on the development of national doctrine and regulations. Consequently, both the Tactical Doctrine and regulations must be compatible with NATO standards and the equipment, mainly radios, command and control assets, needs to be interoperable. In this context, international training cooperation and the updating of standardization processes may yield considerable capability gains and a high amount of knowledge for all parties involved.

A number of cooperation projects or efforts to cooperate with European nations in the fields of Joint Fire Support and artillery are currently being planned or are to be implemented soon. At present and in future, JFS offers a significant cooperation potential since JFS capabilities are being prioritized by partner nations, have proven well in multinational operations and are based on NATO standards.

Figure 5: International Cooperation




With the JFS Training Center established at the Artillery School in Idar-Oberstein (in future: JFS/Indirect Fire Training Unit), DEU has already implemented a specialized training facility. In conjunction with the excellent training and exercise conditions for indirect fire and Close Air Support by both rotary and fixed wing aircraft on the adjacent Baumholder Military Training Area, the JFS/Indirect Fire training unit offers great potential for further expansion. The goal is to create a training facility for joint fire support and indirect fire, where international instructors teach and international students learn. To meet this goal all cooperation fields are concentrated under the responsibility of Branch III 2 JFS/Indirect Fire both technically and as point of contact for the cooperation partners.

The main focus is placed on the German-Dutch cooperation with the project GRIFFIN and the German-French cooperation with the common GMLRS (Guided Multiple Launch Rocket System) Unitary doctrine prepared in 2013/2014. Since late last year, the Branch has been in direct contact with AUT regarding a future JFS training cooperation. Talks with Belgium have commenced in spring of this year.

Outlook

The streamlined and effective structures introduced with the HEER2011 Army reorientation process spawned a new single-stage capability development that affords the opportunity to advance the operational capability of both artillery and joint fire support jointly and across all military organizational elements and thus contribute to strengthening the overall focus of the armed forces on missions. This opportunity must be seized.

In this context, the JFS pilot function is a good ex-ample of the benefits that can be attained from ar-maments and training cooperation when the various military organizational elements and nations involved close ranks. It is true that the German artillery with its only four active battalions looks like a small compo-nent at first sight. But the integrated system of sys-tems comprising command, control, reconnaissance, target acquisition, surveillance and weapon systems included in each battalion describes a comprehen-sive system whose elements are the basis for an in-ternationally oriented, successful fire support.

The JFS/Indirect Fire Branch constitutes the agency-level link tasked with advancing such developments, and can best be described by its motto:

“Where there’s a will, there’s a way; where there’s no will, there’s an excuse!”




Joint Fire Support (JFS)

Major General Walter Spindler, Commander Army Training Command, LEIPZIG

JFS

JFS is conceived to use the best suited national or multinational weapon systems available in the area of operations to ensure direct and responsive tactical support in the network of reconnaissance, command and control, effects, and support. In doing so the Joint Fire Support Coordination Elements (JFSCE) (for example Joint Fire Teams (JFST) at the major unit level) provide advice to the maneuver commanders and ensure coordination of weapon systems and employment of both ground-based indirect fire weapons (artillery, mortar, navy) and airborne weapon systems. Ensuring appropriate tie-in, the JFSCE integrates under unified command all eligible reconnaissance, target location and fire support systems of the joint/ combined forces to allow near real time responsive and effective employment of these systems even at low tactical level. This implies the capability to provide airspace coordination and requires coordination elements at the appropriate level.

Training and Simulation

Current Status

In the field of indirect fire and joint fire support (Indirect Fire/ JFS), cooperation on training and instruction is currently maintained and extended with several European nations. Examples are common activities with AUSTRIA, FRANCE, SWITZERLAND, ITALY, GREAT BRITAIN, and the NETHERLANDS, the latter having been a partner in bi-national training and instruction projects for over 10 years. However, extending cooperation hitherto achieved at the bi-national level to include standardized and multinational cooperation is new and currently pushed ahead.

In this context international cooperation is maintained in highly diverse fields of JFS and Indirect Fire respectively. While cooperation has been initiated and already implemented for example with FRANCE

on the medium-range artillery rocket system MARS II/ Guided Multiple Launch Rocket System (GMLRS), cooperation with AUSTRIA and the NETHERLANDS is currently intensified in the field of Joint Fire Support. Bi- or multinational cooperation, however, still differs in intensity and depth so that a differentiated analysis of the respective current status is required.

Training Cooperation

Intensified cooperation efforts with AUSTRIA in 2013 have had a positive impact on development of cooperation on current and future common training. For the first time, an Austrian instructor attended the Joint Fire Support Team course at the German Artillery School Joint Fire Support and Indirect Fire Training Unit (ZA STF) as an observer. Following coordination meetings in November 2013 when similar efforts in building up a JFS organization were outlined, areas of potential cooperation shall be identified and enhanced. The fact that there is no “language barrier” has proven to be a distinct benefit especially with regard to course-based training.

GERMAN-NETHERLANDS cooperation has been implemented by creation of the Army Steering Group (ASG) and is examplary for international cooperation. Major examples in the field of JFS/ IndirF are increased cooperation on team training at the German Artillery School Joint Fire Support Training Unit, and Business Case (BC) 1.1 as part of the ASG Training & Operations Cluster with the first training completed in 2013, including live fire exercise GRIFFIN STRIKE which will be organized on a larger scale in 2014. BC 1.1 focuses specifically on Joint Fire Support Team training and instruction of both nations and enhances cooperation intensity by successive development of training breadth and depth.

Simulation

The demands for economic efficiency, limited availability of major equipment, environmental




controls and technical capabilities enhance the requirement for simulation-based training.

The artillery employs Virtual Battle Space 2 (VBS 2) software which even in its current experimental configuration allows training at the highest level independent of the system equipment. As procedure and action trainer for the Joint Fire Support Team (JFST) the simulator can be used at the low and medium tactical levels to exercise practical and cost-intensive training phases suitable to the situation and mission while saving resources. Beyond JFST training, VBS 2 can also be employed during fundamental training of Forward Air Controllers, army formations, and course-based initial and follow-on leadership training.

Equipping the artillery with a specific simulator for JFST training is scheduled for the future and currently being implemented. In this context the Artillery School shall use the JFST Training Simulator for team training, JFST predeployment training, and recertification of FACs pursuant to NATO guidelines. The JFST training simulator may also be used on all JFST workstations as part of individual training to ensure in-depth action training during course-based observer training. In the course of predeployment training the JFST training simulator shall additionally be used to achieve and develop security of action across the complex JFST mission spectrum by providing mission-oriented and realistic training.

Apart from considerable reduction of training costs, increased availability of sophisticated JFS training simulators, especially for JFST training, provides significant improvement of the training quality. These simulation-based training assets make the Artillery School an interesting and sought-after partner for multinational training cooperation.

Way Ahead

The Artillery School conducts Joint Fire Support courses already this year with the participation of students from the NETHERLANDS, FRANCE,

and AUSTRIA. Beyond that observers from the NETHERLANDS, FRANCE, AUSTRIA and BELGIUM are expected to attend the GRIFFIN STRIKE 2014 Exercise.

A differentiated analysis of individual bi-national training cooperation in the field of JFS/ IndirF is currently strongly enhanced and pushed towards common training. A major challenge in this context is to extend future training cooperation to a multinational and harmonized training level rather than hold on to the bi-national level. Burden sharing as already implemented through participation of German students in Close Combat Attack (CCA) training and Fire Support Officer training at the NETHERLANDS Artillery School will in the future also increasingly be taken into account in the field of individual and team training. Future common training and instruction projects have a distinct savings potential for all nations involved, which is essential to accomplish the assigned tasks and meet the challenges of a dynamic and complex operational environment in view of decreasing defense budgets.

Due to the high priorisation of Joint Fire Support and its significance for military operations, training must be appropriate to the level and aligned with the mission requirements. Today and in the future “joint” and “combined” are key terms to success in multinational operations. Internationally harmonized training standards in conjunction with a uniform “working language” will be future challenges for further development of training.

With its growth potential the Joint Fire Support and Indirect Fire Training Unit of IDAR-OBERSTEIN can and should play a key role. Pursuant to current planning until 2024 the medium-term objective therefore is to develop the Joint Fire Support and Indirect Fire Training Unit into an international Joint Fire training and instruction center.

“We soldiers of the Army – training is our passion!”




ARRIVALMonday, 06 October 2014

ARRIVAL & “CHECK IN“ HOTEL OPAL

17:45 SHUTTLE SERVICE TO OFFICERS MESS

18:30 WELCOME ICEBREAKER AND SALUTATION DINNER

22:00 TRANSFER TO THE HOTEL

DRESS CODE: CASUAL

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With less access to live air assets and the subsequent reduction in available training time, combined with an increasing demand for the training of Land/Air/Sea integration, there is an increasing need for a cost-effec-tive virtual training system capable of training the various roles in the Joint Fires domain. JFIST® from Saab is a reliable Joint Fires training system which enables the effective training of all levels in the complex Joint Fires process from individual tactical drills through to the com-

JOINT FIRES TRAINING LEARNING - THE RIGHT WAY

www.saabgroup.com

mand and control of airspace and strategic assets.

Using the same JFIST® software, the system can be delivered either as a large-scale centre of excellence, as a classroom trainer or as a porta-ble system delivered to theatres of operation. JFIST® provides the full range of training capabilities, all implemented to meet and exceed the requirements of existing internatio-nal standards including the JTAC MOA and STANAG 3797

JFIST® provides training for: • JTAC/FAC • FO, FSO, LO • Personnel in JFC and TOC • Platform and sensor operators




MAIN CONFERENCE DAY 1Tuesday, 07 October 2014

08:30 TRANSFER TO RILCHENBERG BARRACKS

08:45 OFFICIAL OPENING CEREMONY

09:00 CHAIRMAN‘S OPENING ADDRESS & ADMIN REMARKS 09:30 BRIEFINGS

10:30 HAND OVER “JOINT FIRE INTERFACE TEAM“ 12:30 NETWORKING LUNCH

13:40 BRIEFINGS/ NATIONAL LECTURES/ DISCUSSION 15:20 EXHIBITION/ PRESENTATION OF DEFENCE INDUSTRY 16:45 TRANSFER TO HOTEL

17:30 TRANSFER TO WINE-RESTAURANT

19:00 DINNER & WINE TASTING

22:00 TRANSFER TO HOTEL

DRESS CODE: BDU / CASUAL for DINNER & WINE TASTING

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EXCURSIONWINE TASTING

Barbara Wollschied from Altbamberg is the 52th Nahe-Wine Queen 2013/14

We are trying to create special wines from our home region of theRiver Nahe.




MAIN CONFERENCE DAY 2Wednesday, 08 October 2014

07:45 TRANSFER TO RILCHENBERG BARRACKS

08:00 BRIEFINGS/ NATIONAL LECTURES/ DISCUSSION

12:30 NETWORKING LUNCH

13:30 DEMONSTRATION JOINT FIRE SUPPORT

15:30 EXHIBITION/ PRESENTATION OF DEFENCE INDUSTRY 18:00 DINNER IDAR-OBERSTEINER SPIESSBRATEN (RECIPE ON THE NEXT PAGE)

22:00 TRANSFER TO HOTEL

DRESS CODE: BDU

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EXCURSIONIDAR-OBERSTEINER SPIESSBRATEN

Only to let you know what we want you to eat on Day 2

INGREDIENTS

Beef: Roastbeef, loin, best end ribs, use only tender meatPork: loin, pork chops, ham, pork chops from neck.Please note: The meat should be 3 to 5 cm thick, raw weight per person approximately300 to 400 grams.Seasoning: Onions, salt, pepper and garlic

RECIPE

Approximately 6 to 10 hours prior to final cooking, sprinkle salt and pepper on the meat slices. Peal onions and cut them in slices. Season onions with salt and pepper.Then cover the meat with the seasoned onion slices.Heat an open fireplace using beech- or oakwood.Before putting the meat on the grill, fill it with little onion and garlic pieces.Put the meat on the grill and roast them shortly on both sides using a high flame to seal the pores of the meat.Then roast the meat on low flame with lots of glowing fire.Cooking time is approximately 20 to 30 minutes depending on the weight of the meat.The “Spiessbraten” is usually ready when the meat juice is noticeable on top of the meat.




MAIN CONFERENCE DAY 3Thursday, 09 October 2014

07:45 TRANSFER TO THE RILCHENBERG BARRACKS

08:00 BRIEFINGS/ NATIONAL LECTURES/ PRESENTATIONS 12:00 NETWORKING LUNCH

13:30 BRIEFINGS/ NATIONAL LECTURES/ PRESENTATIONS

14:30 DISCUSSION INTRODUCED BY DCOM ARTYSCHOOL CLOUSING REMARKS

15:30 SIGHTSEEING IDAR-OBERSTEIN

19:00 FORMAL FAREWELL DINNER IN THE OFFICERS MESS WELCOME BY THE LORD MAYOR IDAR-OBERSTEIN

23:00 TRANSFER TO THE HOTEL

DRESS CODE: BDU / JACKET & TIE FOR THE FORMAL DINNER

DEPARTUREFriday, 10 October 2014

DEPARTURE TRANSFER ORGANIZED BY ARTILLERY SCHOOL




MBDA GERMANY – THE SYSTEMS HOUSE

FOR GUIDED MISSILES AND AIR DEFENCE

The moment in which competence and experience are put to the test: that is the moment we live and work for. We place our extensive skills and many years of experience at the service of our armed forces. Adressing the full range of Joint Fire Support requirements.

DEFENCE DEMANDS CAPABILITIES

lock on to mbda solutions

www.mbda-systems.com

BE/control_185x270_uk.indd 1 20/08/2014 14:26




EXHIBITORS







VENUE & ACCOMODATION

Opal Hotel Idar-Oberstein

Mainzer Straße 3455743 Idar-Oberstein Phone: +49 6781 56295-0 Fax: +49 6781 56295-333 E-Mail: [email protected] Internet: http://www.opal-hotel.de

30

JOINT FIRE SUPPORTWe have many years of experience in developing command, control, weapon deployment and simulation systems for Joint Fire Support (JFS).Our sensor-to-shooter and support network is tried, tested and sustainable – and due to our system expertise completely manageable.

ESG ELEKTRONIKSYSTEM- UND LOGISTIK-GMBH Tel. +49 89 [email protected]

DEDICAT ED T O SOLUT IONS

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31

Glückauf Logistik is your specialist for the conversion, upgradeand spare parts provision for military vehicles.

Our product range contains more than 150.000 items, partly available from stock

Trust in audited quality

e-mail: [email protected]

web: www.glueckauf-logistik.de Landgraf Karl Str. 1

34131 Kassel

Germany

Tel: +49 (0) 561 93579-0Fax: +49 (0)561 93579-44




Lieutenant Colonel Thomas HörAm Rilchenberg 30D-55743 Idar-ObersteinTel civ: +49 6781 51-1293Tel civ: +49 6781 51-1031Tel mil: 90 4710 1293Tel mil: 90 4710 1031Fax: +49 6781 51-1555E-Mail: [email protected]

Responsible for content and editorial work:

IMPRINTThe information brochure “International Artillery Symposium 2014“ is created, produced and distributed under the custo-dianship of Colonel Fiepko Koolman, Deputy Commander of the Artillery School and Deputy Director of Artillery, for the military and civilian participants of the symposium as well as other Bundeswehr agencies.

Publisher: Colonel ret.. Thomas AltenhofE-Mail: [email protected]

Automizing combat systems has been pursued over time with various objectives.

Initially reducing the workload for the crew was the first priority.

Meanwhile aspects like the reduction of personnel and op-erational costs, and also strict demands for further improv-ing the protection of the deployed soldiers while decreas-ing weight at the same time have gained significance.

The urge for automation becomes clear when viewing the global tendency towards unmanned aircraft as well as land systems. The use of remote-controlled and in some situ-ations autonomously acting air-supported reconnaissance and fighting drones has already become reality. Also on the ground the US Army for example deploys unmanned systems to support the soldiers.

In the next 10 to 20 years even fully autonomous sys-tems, especially in the field of aircrafts, are to be expect-ed. In specialist publications and several studies the goal that an operator monitors several combat systems and that the system can also make decisions independently are discussed. This development benefits from technical progress, for example miniaturization of processors and sensors, as well as efficiency increase of programming languages and algorithms. The numerous research pro-jects in the USA, China and Europe, and the noticeably frequent use of drones in recent conflicts substantiate the high significance of automated combat systems in the fu-ture.

While autonomous land systems are often smaller vehi-cles, for example for clearing or deactivating mines and unexploded bombs, with the AGM KMW developed the first fully automatic weapon system on the basis of the PzH 2000 technology.

To replace the M109 employed in Germany and to significantly strengthen the combat power of the artillery after the failure of the tri-national program PzH70 the German government decided to initiate their own national develop-ment in 1986.

The following requirements formed the basis for this de-velopment:

- Large range of 30/40 km with a 155 mm/L52 weapon

- Fully automatic, electric weapon traversing/elevating system

- Protection for crew and ammunition

- Autonomous in navigation and fire control

- Combat load of 60 rounds

- Fully automatic projectile handling and loading

- High mobility on roads and cross country

After a development phase and comparison testing the contract was awarded to KMW. After another phase of de-velopment and the series maturity phase, extensive tests and proving were conducted with four prototypes leading to the order of 185 series systems for Germany in 1998.

When speaking of self-propelled artillery unique features of the PzH 2000 were then and are still today:

- Cadency of 8 to 10 rounds per minute

- Autonomy of each individual weapon system in navigation and fire control

- Large combat load of 60 rounds and high cadency which is assured over the complete combat load of 60 rounds

- Quick resupply of the combat load by the howitzer crew

- Unrestricted operation in all azimuth and elevation angles

- Reduced crew and operation of the PzH 2000 possible with a minimum of three soldiers

- Tactical mobility enabling joint warfare with combined arms

In the development of artillery from a towed, manual-ly operated gun to self-propelled systems which were gradually automated and equipped with electronic com-ponents such as navigation system, fire control system, electric levelling device etc., the PzH 2000 presents an evolutionary mile stone already including significant parts of a fully automatic system.

Automation of Combat Systems Using the Example of Tube Artillery

PzH 2000 while firing

The information brochure “International Artillery Symposium 2014” and all articles and photos contained are protected by copyright. Any utilization beyond the limits of copyright and without permission of the Deputy Commander of the Artillery School and Deputy Director of Artillery is prohibited and is an offence. This applies in particular to any duplication, translati-on, microfilming, storage, and processing in electronic systems. Opinions and ratings expressed not necessarily reflect the view of the custodian or the responsible editor. The editorial staff also reserves the right to select and abridge contributions.The responsibility for company contributions lies with the respective company. The Deputy Commander of the Artillery School and Deputy Director of Artillery and the Artillery School are not responsible and liable for the content of company contributions.The copyright for the information brochure “International Artillery Symposium 2014” applies also to the internet homepage of the “Freundeskreis der Artillerietruppe e. V” and to the internet homepage of the “International Artillery Symposium 2014”. The legal basis for the imprint is German legislation.

33

Automizing combat systems has been pursued over time with various objectives.

Initially reducing the workload for the crew was the first priority.

Meanwhile aspects like the reduction of personnel and op-erational costs, and also strict demands for further improv-ing the protection of the deployed soldiers while decreas-ing weight at the same time have gained significance.

The urge for automation becomes clear when viewing the global tendency towards unmanned aircraft as well as land systems. The use of remote-controlled and in some situ-ations autonomously acting air-supported reconnaissance and fighting drones has already become reality. Also on the ground the US Army for example deploys unmanned systems to support the soldiers.

In the next 10 to 20 years even fully autonomous sys-tems, especially in the field of aircrafts, are to be expect-ed. In specialist publications and several studies the goal that an operator monitors several combat systems and that the system can also make decisions independently are discussed. This development benefits from technical progress, for example miniaturization of processors and sensors, as well as efficiency increase of programming languages and algorithms. The numerous research pro-jects in the USA, China and Europe, and the noticeably frequent use of drones in recent conflicts substantiate the high significance of automated combat systems in the fu-ture.

While autonomous land systems are often smaller vehi-cles, for example for clearing or deactivating mines and unexploded bombs, with the AGM KMW developed the first fully automatic weapon system on the basis of the PzH 2000 technology.

To replace the M109 employed in Germany and to significantly strengthen the combat power of the artillery after the failure of the tri-national program PzH70 the German government decided to initiate their own national develop-ment in 1986.

The following requirements formed the basis for this de-velopment:

- Large range of 30/40 km with a 155 mm/L52 weapon

- Fully automatic, electric weapon traversing/elevating system

- Protection for crew and ammunition

- Autonomous in navigation and fire control

- Combat load of 60 rounds

- Fully automatic projectile handling and loading

- High mobility on roads and cross country

After a development phase and comparison testing the contract was awarded to KMW. After another phase of de-velopment and the series maturity phase, extensive tests and proving were conducted with four prototypes leading to the order of 185 series systems for Germany in 1998.

When speaking of self-propelled artillery unique features of the PzH 2000 were then and are still today:

- Cadency of 8 to 10 rounds per minute

- Autonomy of each individual weapon system in navigation and fire control

- Large combat load of 60 rounds and high cadency which is assured over the complete combat load of 60 rounds

- Quick resupply of the combat load by the howitzer crew

- Unrestricted operation in all azimuth and elevation angles

- Reduced crew and operation of the PzH 2000 possible with a minimum of three soldiers

- Tactical mobility enabling joint warfare with combined arms

In the development of artillery from a towed, manual-ly operated gun to self-propelled systems which were gradually automated and equipped with electronic com-ponents such as navigation system, fire control system, electric levelling device etc., the PzH 2000 presents an evolutionary mile stone already including significant parts of a fully automatic system.

Automation of Combat Systems Using the Example of Tube Artillery

PzH 2000 while firing

34

Especially noteworthy is the fully automated projectile loading mechanism developed by KMW, which already realizes loading the projectiles from the magazine (chas-sis) to the weapon (turret) and also is equipped with a computer-controlled ammunition management with inte-grated inductive fuze programming.

Since international requirements emerging in the early 21st century, for a medium and air-transportable artillery system while retaining capabilities similar to those of the PzH 2000, first concepts for the AGM were developed at KMW.

Already in the early stages of developing this weapon sys-tem the necessity of separating the crew and artillery com-ponents (ammunition magazine, loader, weapon etc.) in

order to appropriately protect the crew while meeting the maximum weight limit of 31.5 t was soon evident. It was essential to focus on the highly protected area around the crew providing the soldiers the maximum possible protec-tion and equipping the rest of the system with a lower pro-tection level in order not to exceed the maximum weight limit.

An incremental approach was used for the development. In the first step, a light aluminum turret was designed and manufactured. After integration the gun firing tests were conducted to verify the mechanical stability of the light-weight turret and the stability of the whole system during firing and driving. After successfully completing this step, the fully automated projectile loading mecha-nism was adapted to the conditions and requirements of the AGM turret and integrated so that the projectiles could be loaded without manual operations as in the PzH 2000. Only portioning and loading propelling charges as well as firing the weapon was conducted by personnel in the turret.

In the next consistent step, an automatic propellant charge magazine and an automatic propellant charge supply for the weapon were developed. Based on ballistic calculations by the AGM’s own fire control system, the corresponding amount of propellant charges is conveyed out of the magazine. The closed propellant charges are then assembled on the also newly developed assembling

station. After assembly the propellant is transported by the propellant transfer arm to the charge chamber. The breech block of the gun is closed by remote-control and the system is fired after clearance by the gun commander. These components were developed and tested gradually using numerous optimization possibilities, enabling an increase of the cadency from 6 rounds per minute in 2006 to the impressive number of 9 rounds per minute in 2014. Besides the main components the AGM also has numerous sensors ensuring safe and smooth handling of the firing components. The operational concept for the gun commander is designed in such a way that the process can be monitored at any time and manual interference is possible in case any irregularities should arise.

The result of this development is a fully automated and un-manned artillery turret having the following characteristics:- Fully automated and remote-controlled mode- Integration onto all applicable wheeled and tracked

vehicles possible- Cadency of 9 rounds per minute with the complete

on-board stock- High range with a 155 mm/L52 weapon - Fully automated, electric weapon levelling system- Autonomous in navigation and fire control- Possibility to handle missiles up to a length of 1 m - Inductive fuze programming

With the integration of the AGM onto an appropriate carrier system, for example the M270 (MLRS platform), the origi-nal development goal of a light and air deployable artillery system while keeping as many characteristics of the PzH 2000 as possible was accomplished.

Besides the integration onto a M270 chassis of a rocket launcher, the AGM has also been integrated and tested on an armored infantry combat vehicle chassis (ASCOD) from GD ELS. Currently a first wheeled version AGM on a BOXER 8x8 is being manufactured and will be tested in the fall 2014. In addition to this ambitioned variant AGM is also being integrated onto a COTS 8x8 truck, in this case an IVECO TRAKKER. It is important to note that a

AGM inside view and fully automated loading mechanism

platform including stabilizer will be mounted as a connec-tor between truck and AGM.

In summary the AGM – based on the PzH 2000 – is a con-sistent further development to a light, remote-controlled system which could be developed to a partly autonomous combat system in the future.

Author: Patrick LenzKrauss-Maffei Wegmann GmbH & Co. KGAugust-Bode-Strasse 1D-34127 KasselPhone: +49 561 105 1233Fax: +49 561 105 1336E-Mail: [email protected]: www.kmweg.de

The AGM turret can already be remote-controlled from a vehicle cabin or also from greater distances. Integrating the AGM on an also remote-controlled or autonomous driv-ing platform and by utilizing corresponding transfer tech-nology could prepare the possibility for a first unmanned main combat system in the army.

AGM integrated onto the M270 (MLRS) chassis

AGM integrated on 8x8 BOXER

AGM integrated onto the ASCOD chassis from GD ELS

Planned integration of AGM onto IVECO TRAKKER

Firing tests of the AGM on the BOXER are scheduled for fall 2014

35

platform including stabilizer will be mounted as a connec-tor between truck and AGM.

In summary the AGM – based on the PzH 2000 – is a con-sistent further development to a light, remote-controlled system which could be developed to a partly autonomous combat system in the future.

Author: Patrick LenzKrauss-Maffei Wegmann GmbH & Co. KGAugust-Bode-Strasse 1D-34127 KasselPhone: +49 561 105 1233Fax: +49 561 105 1336E-Mail: [email protected]: www.kmweg.de

The AGM turret can already be remote-controlled from a vehicle cabin or also from greater distances. Integrating the AGM on an also remote-controlled or autonomous driv-ing platform and by utilizing corresponding transfer tech-nology could prepare the possibility for a first unmanned main combat system in the army.

AGM integrated onto the M270 (MLRS) chassis

AGM integrated on 8x8 BOXER

AGM integrated onto the ASCOD chassis from GD ELS

Planned integration of AGM onto IVECO TRAKKER

Firing tests of the AGM on the BOXER are scheduled for fall 2014

36

Framework Conditions

The future orientation of the Bundeswehr describes the need for the capability of precise and range extended effective strikes with indirect fire against stationary and moving single and point targets. In Germany, the weapon platforms PzH2000 and Frigate F125 will be equipped with the VULCANO precision guided munition.

Important criteria are “Compliance with the Rules of Enga-gement”, „Avoidance of Collateral Damage”, “Keep Eyes on the Target” and “Mission Abort Capability“.

German-Italian Cooperation

In 2011, the German and Italian Ministers of Defence declared their intention to cooperate more closely in the field of “Future 155mm Long Range Precision Am-munition“.

Their Letter of Intent provided the basis for combining the national efforts in the field of guided artillery muni-tion, using synergies on a bilateral level. These activi-ties concern the following national programs:

● VULCANO 127mm for the Navy and VULCANO 155mm (sub-caliber unguided and guided munition) for the Italian Army

● Guided Mortar Munition 120mm (GMM) and Guided Artillery Munition 155mm (GAM), both full-caliber, for Germany

Both countries agreed to carry out a bilateral qualifica-tion program for the complete precision guided ammu-nition family VULCANO 127mm/155mm according to “STANAG 4667 Gun launched guided munition, safety and suitability for service”, covering the terminal homing modes SAL*), FarIR**) and GPS***)

Joint qualification will start at the beginning of 2015.

Delivery of the precision guided VULCANO munition to the German and Italian Forces (Navy and Army) will begin at the end of 2016.

Industrial teaming is based on the Cooperation Agree-ment between Diehl Defence and OTO Melara on con-ventional and guided munition.*) SAL – Semi Active Laser Sensor in combination with a Laser Designator and Man-in-the-Loop for semi-autonomous target engagements of stationary and moving single point targets and small area targets. **) FarIR – Infra-Red Sensor, uncooled in the wavelength regime between 8-12μm for autonomous air and sea target engage-ments. This sensor is primarily applied with VULCANO 127mm.***) GPS – Global Positioning System. In this mode, the guided VULCANO munition flies with the currently available GPS accu-racy to the pre-programmed coordinates. In this mode, the target location error (TLE) cannot be compensated.

Munition Demand - AssessmentThe following target categories and target sizes are rele-vant for precision guided artillery munition:

Figure 1: Scenario – PzH2000 with target engagements also in urban terrain – in combination with a ground based or air borne laser designator by the Joint Fire Support Team (JFST)

Precision Guided Munition (PGM) –VULCANO 127mm and 155mm

● Single Point Targets (2m x 5m, stationary and moving)

● Small Point Targets (10m x 15m)

● Point Targets (30m x 30m)

The Target Location Error (TLE) is the most critical failure source. The target location accuracies und field conditions achievable with today’s standard equipment of the JFSTs are between 25m and 50m. This makes it clear that pure GPS-INS guided/navigated munition cannot be effectively used for the engagement of (stationary or moving) point and single point targets. Figure 2 illustrates the correlation of munition demand as a function of the achievable pre-cision of guided munition. The Total CEP (Circular Error Probability) of 7m (14m) is based on the assumption of a GPS navigation accuracy of 5m (10m) and a TLE of 5m (10m).

Analyses of the Munition Demand have shown that GPS guided munition can only be used to effectively engage point targets (30x30m) and impressively underline the need for SAL-guided munition in combination with laser designation by the JFST for the engagement of small point and single point targets.

Basically, GPS-guided munition only flies to the prepro-grammed coordinate, sensor-equipped munition (e.g. SAL) always to the target aimed at. So, SAL-guided munition al-ways hits and eliminates the target with a single shot.

Conclusion: The experience gathered in current “Out of Area Missions“ with the PzH2000 and derived future chal-lenges highlights the need for SAL 155mm precision guid-ed artillery munition.

SAL-guided munition for PzH2000

The companies Diehl Defence and OTO Melara have implemented the SAL-Guided Munition V155-GLR/SAL (Vulcano155mm Guided Long Range / Semi Active Laser with a pre-formed fragmented (PFF) warhead with insen-sitive explosives).

In addition to the munition, this approach also considers the adaptation of the PzH2000, calculation of the fire com-mands and the logistic packaging system, thus providing the entire system package.

Figure 3: VULCANO 155GLR-SAL precision guided artillery munition in loading configuration (above) and in flight configuration (below)

Figure 2: Munition demand for the effective engagement of Point Targets, Small Point Targets and Single Point Targets (stationary and moving) depending on the achievable CEP accuracies of guided munition. In the terminal homing phase, it is to be distinguished between GPS-INS guidance and SAL guidance with laser designation. Analyses of the Munition Demand have shown that GPS guided munition can only be used to effectively engage point targets (30x30m) and impressively underline the need for SAL-guided munition in combination with laser designation by the JFST for the engagement of small point and single point targets. Basically, GPS-guided munition only flies to the preprogrammed coordinate, sensor-equipped munition (e.g. SAL) always to the target aimed at. So, SAL-guided munition always hits and eliminates the target with a single shot. Conclusion: The experience gathered in current "Out of Area Missions“ with the PzH2000 and derived future challenges highlights the need for SAL 155mm precision guided artillery munition.

SAL-guided munition for PzH2000 The companies Diehl Defence and OTO Melara have implemented the SAL-Guided Munition V155-GLR/SAL (Vulcano155mm Guided Long Range / Semi Active Laser with a pre-formed fragmented (PFF) warhead with insensitive explosives). In addition to the munition, this approach also considers the adaptation of the PzH2000, calculation of the fire commands and the logistic packaging system, thus providing the entire system package. System Configuration V155-GLR/SAL


Figure 4: Miniaturized SAL Sensor and miniaturized Far-Infrared Sensor (FarIR). The SAL Sensor is applied in the semi-autonomous mode in combination with a laser designator. The FarIR-Sensor is applied in the autonomous mode for engaging air and sea targets. The systems have been qualified in the temperature and vibration range at 26.000g. Range and Flight Profile V155-GLR/SAL The subcaliber guided munition V155GLR-SAL achieves a maximum range of up to 80km with a barrel elevation of 45°– see Figure 5 System activation (thermal battery run-up), munition initialization based on the pre-programmed data (Munition Critical Data, MCD) and GPS activation are provided within the ballistic flight phase up to the apogee. After passing through the apogee, the munition flies to the target acquisition point by means of GPS midcourse guidance/navigation. In the SAL terminal homing phase, the SAL sensor performs target acquisition (detection of the designated target), target discrimination by means of the laser code and subsequent target tracking until target impact with final activation of the warhead in the target.

Roll-decoupled Tail Section

SAL Sensor

PFF-IM Warhead and SAD

Guidance Section with Canard System, GPS,

Flight Controller and IMU

Figure 2: Munition demand for the effective engagement of Point Targets, Small Point Targets and Single Point Targets (stationary and moving) depending on the achievable CEP accuracies of guided munition. In the terminal homing phase, it is to be distinguished between GPS-INS guidance and SAL guidance with laser designation.






SAL Sensor




37

● Single Point Targets (2m x 5m, stationary and moving)

● Small Point Targets (10m x 15m)

● Point Targets (30m x 30m)

The Target Location Error (TLE) is the most critical failure source. The target location accuracies und field conditions achievable with today’s standard equipment of the JFSTs are between 25m and 50m. This makes it clear that pure GPS-INS guided/navigated munition cannot be effectively used for the engagement of (stationary or moving) point and single point targets. Figure 2 illustrates the correlation of munition demand as a function of the achievable pre-cision of guided munition. The Total CEP (Circular Error Probability) of 7m (14m) is based on the assumption of a GPS navigation accuracy of 5m (10m) and a TLE of 5m (10m).

Analyses of the Munition Demand have shown that GPS guided munition can only be used to effectively engage point targets (30x30m) and impressively underline the need for SAL-guided munition in combination with laser designation by the JFST for the engagement of small point and single point targets.

Basically, GPS-guided munition only flies to the prepro-grammed coordinate, sensor-equipped munition (e.g. SAL) always to the target aimed at. So, SAL-guided munition al-ways hits and eliminates the target with a single shot.

Conclusion: The experience gathered in current “Out of Area Missions“ with the PzH2000 and derived future chal-lenges highlights the need for SAL 155mm precision guid-ed artillery munition.

SAL-guided munition for PzH2000

The companies Diehl Defence and OTO Melara have implemented the SAL-Guided Munition V155-GLR/SAL (Vulcano155mm Guided Long Range / Semi Active Laser with a pre-formed fragmented (PFF) warhead with insen-sitive explosives).

In addition to the munition, this approach also considers the adaptation of the PzH2000, calculation of the fire com-mands and the logistic packaging system, thus providing the entire system package.







SAL Sensor




Figure 2: Munition demand for the effective engagement of Point Targets, Small Point Targets and Single Point Targets (stationary and moving) depending on the achievable CEP accuracies of guided munition. In the terminal homing phase, it is to be distinguished between GPS-INS guidance and SAL guidance with laser designation.






SAL Sensor




38

● System Configuration V155-GLR/SAL

● Range and Flight Profile V155-GLR/SAL

The subcaliber guided munition V155GLR-SAL achieves a maximum range of up to 80km with a barrel elevation of 45°– see Figure 5

System activation (thermal battery run-up), munition initiali-zation based on the pre-programmed data (Munition Criti-cal Data, MCD) and GPS activation are provided within the ballistic flight phase up to the apogee.

After passing through the apogee, the munition flies to the target acquisition point by means of GPS midcourse guid-ance/navigation.

In the SAL terminal homing phase, the SAL sensor per-forms target acquisition (detection of the designated tar-get), target discrimination by means of the laser code and subsequent target tracking until target impact with final ac-tivation of the warhead in the target.

Figure 6: Maneuverability reflecting the field of view (FoV) of the SAL-Sensor of the precision guided munition V155-GLR/SAL in the terminal homing phase and correlated with the error-driven target position.

Figure 4: Miniaturized SAL Sensor and miniaturized Far-Infrared Sensor (FarIR). The SAL Sensor is applied in the semi-autonomous mode in combination with a laser designator. The FarIR-Sensor is applied in the autonomous mode for engaging air and sea targets. The systems have been qualified in the temperature and vibration range at 26.000g.

● Maneuverability V155-GLR/SAL

Demonstration of maneuverability of the guided Vulcano munition in the terminal homing phase was an indispens-able prerequisite for adaptation/integration of an SAL sen-sor unit. Figure 6 shows the maneuverability of the projec-tile in the SAL terminal homing phase. With the large field of view (FoV) of the SAL and FarIR sensors in combination with the maneuverability, all navigation/GPS errors, target location errors, sensor drifts and target movements are eliminated in the SAL terminal homing phase.

Once the target is in the FoV, no escape of the target is possible.● Precision of V155-GLR/SALFigure 7 illustrates the hit accuracy PHit of V155-GLR/SAL. The system performance achieves a 2DRMS value of ~1.2m – the requirement for single point targets is 3m 2DRMS.

V155-GLR/SAL is designed as a dual-mode system.

Figure 5: Range and flight profile of the precision guided munition V155-GLR/SAL at nominal conditions at maximum muzzle velocity (vo ~ 936m/s at 21°C)

Figure 5: Range and flight profile of the precision guided munition V155-GLR/SAL at nominal conditions at maximum muzzle velocity (vo ~ 936m/s at 21°C) Maneuverability V155-GLR/SAL Demonstration of maneuverability of the guided Vulcano munition in the terminal homing phase was an indispensable prerequisite for adaptation/integration of an SAL sensor unit. Figure 6 shows the maneuverability of the projectile in the SAL terminal homing phase. With the large field of view (FoV) of the SAL and FarIR sensors in combination with the maneuverability, all navigation/GPS errors, target location errors, sensor drifts and target movements are eliminated in the SAL terminal homing phase. Once the target is in the FoV, no escape of the target is possible.

Figure 6: Maneuverability reflecting the field of view (FoV) of the SAL-Sensor of the precision guided munition V155-GLR/SAL in the terminal homing phase and correlated with the error-driven target position. Precision of V155-GLR/SAL Figure 7 illustrates the hit accuracy PHit of V155-GLR/SAL. The system performance achieves a 2DRMS value of ~1.2m – the requirement for single point targets is 3m 2DRMS.

Figure 7: Hit accuracy PHit of V155-GLR/SAL in combination with the SAL sensor in the terminal homing phase. V155-GLR/SAL is designed as a dual-mode system SAL mode with a precision <3m [2DRMS] relative

to the target (stationary and moving) GPS-INS mode with CEP precision between 3m

and 15m (depending on the GPS accuracy locally available and the time of availability) relative to the pre-programmed target coordinate

Target impact effectiveness of V155GLR-SAL VULCANO 155GLR-SAL is equipped with a high-performance pre-formed fragmented (PFF) warhead with defined tungsten splinters of various sizes and insensitive explosives to meet insensitive-munition requirements. Figure 8 shows the overall results of the warhead effectiveness assessment based on experimental investigations. VULCANO 155GLR-SAL fulfils all required target kill requirements based on SAL terminal homing. The high-performance PFF warhead of V155GLR-SAL also shows outstanding performance against soft point targets. The Safe and Arming Device (SAD) ensures optimum warhead initiation depending on the type of target (impact, impact with delay, time and position)







● SAL mode with a precision <3m [2DRMS] relative to the target (stationary and moving)

● GPS-INS mode with CEP precision between 3m and 15m (depending on the GPS accuracy locally avail-able and the time of availability) relative to the pre-pro-grammed target coordinate

● Target impact effectiveness of V155GLR-SAL

VULCANO 155GLR-SAL is equipped with a high-perfor-mance pre-formed fragmented (PFF) warhead with de-fined tungsten splinters of various sizes and insensitive explosives to meet insensitive-munition requirements.

Figure 8 shows the overall results of the warhead effec-tiveness assessment based on experimental investiga-tions. VULCANO 155GLR-SAL fulfils all required target kill requirements based on SAL terminal homing.

The high-performance PFF warhead of V155GLR-SAL also shows outstanding performance against soft point targets.

Figure 7: Hit accuracy PHit of V155-GLR/SAL in combination with the SAL sensor in the terminal homing phase.

Figure 8: Target impact effectiveness analysis of VULCANO 155GLR/SAL for given targets with defined target kill criteria defined by the user – all given targets are killed in accordance with the requirements and based on the SAL mode in the terminal homing phase

The Safe and Arming Device (SAD) ensures optimum war-head initiation depending on the type of target (impact, im-pact with delay, time and position)

Compatibility of V155GLR-SAL with PzH2000

The SAL guided munition VULCANO 155GLR-SAL has been designed so as to be compatible with the PzH2000 of the company KMW – see Figure 9, taking into account munition storage, the munition carousel and munition loading with the Flick Rammer.

The compatibility of VULCANO 155GLR/SAL is also given for all fielded 155mm howitzers.

VULCANO 155GLR-SAL is fired from the PzH2000 with the certified modular propellant charges (MTLS) DM72/DM92. Figure 10 shows the projectile with 4 modular charges DM72 inside the barrel of the PzH2000.

Basically, all conventional types of propellant charges are compatible with the VULCANO munition.













39

● SAL mode with a precision <3m [2DRMS] relative to the target (stationary and moving)

● GPS-INS mode with CEP precision between 3m and 15m (depending on the GPS accuracy locally avail-able and the time of availability) relative to the pre-pro-grammed target coordinate

● Target impact effectiveness of V155GLR-SAL

VULCANO 155GLR-SAL is equipped with a high-perfor-mance pre-formed fragmented (PFF) warhead with de-fined tungsten splinters of various sizes and insensitive explosives to meet insensitive-munition requirements.

Figure 8 shows the overall results of the warhead effec-tiveness assessment based on experimental investiga-tions. VULCANO 155GLR-SAL fulfils all required target kill requirements based on SAL terminal homing.

The high-performance PFF warhead of V155GLR-SAL also shows outstanding performance against soft point targets.

Figure 7: Hit accuracy PHit of V155-GLR/SAL in combination with the SAL sensor in the terminal homing phase.

Figure 8: Target impact effectiveness analysis of VULCANO 155GLR/SAL for given targets with defined target kill criteria defined by the user – all given targets are killed in accordance with the requirements and based on the SAL mode in the terminal homing phase

The Safe and Arming Device (SAD) ensures optimum war-head initiation depending on the type of target (impact, im-pact with delay, time and position)

Compatibility of V155GLR-SAL with PzH2000

The SAL guided munition VULCANO 155GLR-SAL has been designed so as to be compatible with the PzH2000 of the company KMW – see Figure 9, taking into account munition storage, the munition carousel and munition loading with the Flick Rammer.

The compatibility of VULCANO 155GLR/SAL is also given for all fielded 155mm howitzers.

VULCANO 155GLR-SAL is fired from the PzH2000 with the certified modular propellant charges (MTLS) DM72/DM92. Figure 10 shows the projectile with 4 modular charges DM72 inside the barrel of the PzH2000.

Basically, all conventional types of propellant charges are compatible with the VULCANO munition.













40

Fire Command

The computation of the Fire Command is based on the call for fire which is provided by the FüWES ADLER (or other Mission Planning Systems) via radio to the Fire Control Computer (MICMOS) of the PzH2000.

Depending on the given/required integration depth of V155GLR-SAL on the PzH2000, for computation of the Fire Command, it is distinguished between the partly in-tegrated version with stand-alone, remote-controlled por-table Fire Command Unit (pFCU) and embedded Fire Command Program (FireCmdProg) according to NABK, STANAG 4355 Annex G, and the fully integrated version with implemented FireCmdProg according to NABK in the fire control system (MICMOS) of the PzH2000.

For the partly integrated version, the stand-alone, re-mote-controlled FireCmd Unit (see Figure 12) receives the call for fire via data link from the fire control system of the PzH2000 and computes the fire command with the FireCmd program. It combines the munition-relevant mission data with the GPS-specific data from the GPS re-ceiver module and GPS key storage box as well as the laser codes. This data set is transmitted to the munition by means of the programming unit. Weapon-specific data such as elevation, azimuth and time over target are sent back to the fire control system of the PzH2000.

In the case of the fully integrated version of the PzH2000, the FireCmdProg is computed directly in the fire control

Figure 9: PzH2000 with VULCANO 155GLR-SAL

Figure 10: VULCANO 155GLR-SAL with four (4) modular propellant charges DM72 inside the barrel of the PzH2000

Figure 11: VULCANO 155GLR-SAL with defined separation of the sabots after passing the muzzle brakes of the barrel of the PzH2000

Figure 12: Stand-alone, remote-controlled portable Fire Command Unit (pFCU) with data link to the fire control system of the PzH2000, GPS Key Storage Box for intermediate storage of the current GPS key, GPS receiver module and fire control computer with integrated FireCmd program accordingto NABK.

system of the PzH2000 and the munition is initialized by the ammunition programmer during automated munition feed from the ammunition carousel – see Figure 13.

Packaging System

For the SAL-guided artillery ammunition VULCANO 155GLR-SAL, the munition fixing elements of the pack-aging system for the fielded ammunition DM97070 have

been adapted and certified. Figure 14 shows the pallet with a total of 8 munition containers, allowing variable loading of the pallet with munition containers and propel-lant charge containers. Thus, it is ensured that no changes or additions to the logistic chain are necessary.

Performance Demonstration

The performance of V155GLR-SAL/FarIR/GPS has been demonstrated successfully in various firing campaigns.

Figure 13: Fully integrated version with computation of the Fire Command in the Fire Control System of the PzH2000 and initialization of the guided munition with the ammunition programmer during munition feed.

Figure 14: VULCANO 155mm based on the packaging system for artillery ammunition DM97070 and DM97192

Figure 15 shows the flight profiles and the results of the firings with V155GLR-SAL/FarIR/GPS.

In the SAL Mode, a JFST Laser Designator is involved to designate the target.

In the FarIR Mode, terminal homing is performed autono-mously with detection of the target with IR-signature, lock-on to the target and subsequent target tracking until target impact and warhead activation.


Packaging System For the SAL-guided artillery ammunition VULCANO 155GLR-SAL, the munition fixing elements of the packaging system for the fielded ammunition DM97070 have been adapted and certified. Figure 14 shows the pallet with a total of 10 munition containers, allowing variable loading of the pallet with munition containers and propellant charge containers. Thus, it is ensured that no changes or additions to the logistic chain are necessary.

Figure 14: VULCANO 155mm based on the packaging system for artillery ammunition DM97070 and DM97192 Performance Demonstration The performance of V155GLR-SAL/FarIR/GPS has been demonstrated successfully in various firing campaigns. Figure 15 shows the flight profiles and the results of the firings with V155GLR-SAL/FarIR/GPS.

In the SAL Mode, a JFST Laser Designator is involved to designate the target. In the FarIR Mode, terminal homing is performed autonomously with detection of the target with IR-signature, lock-on to the target and subsequent target tracking until target impact and warhead activation. In the GPS-Mode, the target location error is set to zero (nominal TLE ~25 to 50m).

Firing Results: 1. Computation of the Fire Command with NABK

Fire Command Program (FireCmdProg) and determination of the Munition Critical Data (MCD) and the Weapon Critical Data (WCD)

2. Handover of WCD to the PzH2000 3. Programming of V155GLR-SAL with

the MCD prior to munition loading 4. Loading of V155GLR-SAL with

the Flick Rammer or manually 5. Firing of V155GLR-SAL, power run-up/

initialization of the munition and GPS activation up to the apogee

6. Robustness, functionality of all subsystem

7. GPS Mid Course Guidance 8. GPS Navigation Accuracy

– independent of range < 1,0m Note: GPS BIAS cannot be compensated on any GPS system; depends on GPS availability (location, time, number of satellites, etc,) GPS bias horizontal up to ~15m and GPS bias vertical up to ~32m

9. SAL Terminal Homing < 1.5m

10. FarIR Terminal Homing < 5.0m

11. GPS Terminal Homing 3m to 15m Target location error TLE = 0m see Note

12. Compatibility with PzH2000 and Portable Fire Command Unit (pFCU) and Fire Command Program (FireCmdProg)

13. Target impact effectiveness according to requirements

Munition carousel with munition transporter

Munition loading/storing system with transport rail

Loading shell with Flick Rammer

Munition Programmer,

coupled with the Fire Control Computer

Palette Packaging System DM96220

Propellant charge container DM95130 with MTLS

Transport and storage container DM97070

extracting device

Propellant charge contaner DM95130 with ignitor DM191A2

41

been adapted and certified. Figure 14 shows the pallet with a total of 8 munition containers, allowing variable loading of the pallet with munition containers and propel-lant charge containers. Thus, it is ensured that no changes or additions to the logistic chain are necessary.

Performance Demonstration

The performance of V155GLR-SAL/FarIR/GPS has been demonstrated successfully in various firing campaigns.


Figure 14: VULCANO 155mm based on the packaging system for artillery ammunition DM97070 and DM97192

Figure 15 shows the flight profiles and the results of the firings with V155GLR-SAL/FarIR/GPS.

In the SAL Mode, a JFST Laser Designator is involved to designate the target.

In the FarIR Mode, terminal homing is performed autono-mously with detection of the target with IR-signature, lock-on to the target and subsequent target tracking until target impact and warhead activation.


Packaging System For the SAL-guided artillery ammunition VULCANO 155GLR-SAL, the munition fixing elements of the packaging system for the fielded ammunition DM97070 have been adapted and certified. Figure 14 shows the pallet with a total of 10 munition containers, allowing variable loading of the pallet with munition containers and propellant charge containers. Thus, it is ensured that no changes or additions to the logistic chain are necessary.

Figure 14: VULCANO 155mm based on the packaging system for artillery ammunition DM97070 and DM97192 Performance Demonstration The performance of V155GLR-SAL/FarIR/GPS has been demonstrated successfully in various firing campaigns. Figure 15 shows the flight profiles and the results of the firings with V155GLR-SAL/FarIR/GPS.

In the SAL Mode, a JFST Laser Designator is involved to designate the target. In the FarIR Mode, terminal homing is performed autonomously with detection of the target with IR-signature, lock-on to the target and subsequent target tracking until target impact and warhead activation. In the GPS-Mode, the target location error is set to zero (nominal TLE ~25 to 50m).


Fire Command Program (FireCmdProg) and determination of the Munition Critical Data (MCD) and the Weapon Critical Data (WCD)

2. Handover of WCD to the PzH2000 3. Programming of V155GLR-SAL with

the MCD prior to munition loading 4. Loading of V155GLR-SAL with

the Flick Rammer or manually 5. Firing of V155GLR-SAL, power run-up/

initialization of the munition and GPS activation up to the apogee

6. Robustness, functionality of all subsystem

7. GPS Mid Course Guidance 8. GPS Navigation Accuracy

– independent of range < 1,0m Note: GPS BIAS cannot be compensated on any GPS system; depends on GPS availability (location, time, number of satellites, etc,) GPS bias horizontal up to ~15m and GPS bias vertical up to ~32m




12. Compatibility with PzH2000 and Portable Fire Command Unit (pFCU) and Fire Command Program (FireCmdProg)

13. Target impact effectiveness according to requirements

Munition carousel with munition transporter

Munition loading/storing system with transport rail

Loading shell with Flick Rammer

Munition Programmer,

coupled with the Fire Control Computer

Palette Packaging System DM96220

Propellant charge container DM95130 with MTLS

Transport and storage container DM97070

extracting device

Propellant charge contaner DM95130 with ignitor DM191A2

42

Autor:Dr. Jürgen BohlDiehl BGT Defence GmbH & Co. KGFischbachstraße 16D-90552 Röthenbach / Peg.Telefon: +49 911 957-2068Telefax: +49 911 957-2286Email: [email protected]

Figure 15: VULCANO 155GLR-SAL in GPS Terminal Homing Mode (TLE=0) and in SAL Terminal Homing Mode (with laser target designation)

In the GPS-Mode, the target location error is set to zero (nominal TLE ~25 to 50m).

Summary

The precision-guided munition VULCANO 155GLR-SAL with dual-mode capability in the terminal homing phase meets all user requirements. In particular, the SAL sensor enables the engagement of single point targets (stationary and moving) and small point targets (e.g. buildings). The SAL sensor is used as plug&play unit in both V127mm and V155mm.For the VULCANO 127mm precision-guided munition, the FarIR sensor has additionally been developed to effective-ly engage air and sea targets in the autonomous terminal homing mode (naval applications).

Figure 15: VULCANO 155GLR-SAL in GPS Terminal Homing Mode (TLE=0) and in SAL Terminal Homing Mode (with lasertarget designation)

SummaryThe precision-guided munition VULCANO 155GLR-SAL with dual-mode capability in the terminal homing phase meets all user requirements. In particular, the SALsensor enables the engagement of single point targets (stationary and moving) and small point targets (e.g. buildings). The SAL sensor is used as plug&play unit inboth V127mm and V155mm. For the VULCANO 127mm precision-guided munition,the FarIR sensor has additionally been developed toeffectively engage air and sea targets in the autonomous terminal homing mode (naval applications).

Author:Dr. Jürgen BohlDiehl BGT Defence GmbH & Co. KGFischbachstraße 16D-90552 Röthenbach / Peg. Phone: +49-911-957-2068Fax: +49-911-957-2286E-mail: [email protected]

VULCANO 155mm Target – 45km SAL Mode GPS Navigation

Target – 26km SAL Mode

FarIR Mode GPS Navigation


Fire Command Program (FireCmdProg) anddetermination of the Munition Critical Data (MCD)and the Weapon Critical Data (WCD)

2. Handover of WCD to the PzH20003. Programming of V155GLR-SAL with

the MCD prior to munition loading4. Loading of V155GLR-SAL with

the Flick Rammer or manually5. Firing of V155GLR-SAL, power run-up/

initialization of the munition and GPSactivation up to the apogee

6. Robustness, functionality of all subsystems

7. GPS Mid Course Guidance8. GPS Navigation Accuracy

– independent of range < 1,0m Note: GPS BIAS cannot be compensated on any GPSsystem; depends on GPS availability (location,time, number of satellites, etc,) GPS bias horizontal up to ~15m and GPS bias vertical up to ~32m




12. Compatibility with PzH2000 andPortable Fire Command Unit (pFCU) andFire Command Program (FireCmdProg)

13. Target impact effectiveness according torequirements

JUNGHANS microtec in cooperation with their partners, Nexter Munitions and Zodiac Data Systems, is developing and qualifying the 1D course correction fuze SPACIDO.

Oberview:

When tubefired artillery weapon systems are used with conventional munitions, a large dispersion area is produ-ced at the target area due to the influence of various fac-tors; this dispersion is a dominant factor for the quantity of rounds required for target engagement. Range dispersion in line of fire, is significantly greater than the deflection.

1D course correction fuzes adjust the trajectory of the pro-jectile in the firing direction (1-dimensional), and thereby drastically reduce the longitudinal dispersion.

This overall enhancement of the firing precision reduces the number of rounds required at long ranges by 50% at minimum, in some cases by 90%, dependent upon the type of target!

SPACIDO1D Course correction fuze from JUNGHANS microtec

Design principle and sequence of SPACIDO operation and function (see diagram):

The basic principle is based upon the programming of the aiming point of the uncorrected trajectory slightly behind the target, and by “airbraking” the projectile to increase its aerodynamic drag at the correct time, and to achieve accurate impact on the target.

After firing the projectile with a SPACIDO fuze, an modified V0 radar system integrated in the howitzer, or a separate radar device, measures the actual velocity profile of the projectile in the first part of the trajectory. The SPACIDO computer connected with the fire control system uses this data to determine the deviation of the actual from the cal-culated trajectory to the target, and then calculates the time required for the activation of the aerodynamic bra-ke of SPACIDO (see fuze photo). The radar system then transmits this time data in order for the activation of the SPACIDO fuze via a radio link.

A Diehl and Thales Company

Trajectory monitoring with

muzzle velocity radar 1

Course correction signal sent to the fuze (Time for air brake deployment) 2

Course correction using air brake deployment 3

Fuze terminal effect activation

4

Muzzle velocity CCF

43

JUNGHANS microtec in cooperation with their partners, Nexter Munitions and Zodiac Data Systems, is developing and qualifying the 1D course correction fuze SPACIDO.

Oberview:

When tubefired artillery weapon systems are used with conventional munitions, a large dispersion area is produ-ced at the target area due to the influence of various fac-tors; this dispersion is a dominant factor for the quantity of rounds required for target engagement. Range dispersion in line of fire, is significantly greater than the deflection.

1D course correction fuzes adjust the trajectory of the pro-jectile in the firing direction (1-dimensional), and thereby drastically reduce the longitudinal dispersion.

This overall enhancement of the firing precision reduces the number of rounds required at long ranges by 50% at minimum, in some cases by 90%, dependent upon the type of target!

SPACIDO1D Course correction fuze from JUNGHANS microtec

Design principle and sequence of SPACIDO operation and function (see diagram):

The basic principle is based upon the programming of the aiming point of the uncorrected trajectory slightly behind the target, and by “airbraking” the projectile to increase its aerodynamic drag at the correct time, and to achieve accurate impact on the target.

After firing the projectile with a SPACIDO fuze, an modified V0 radar system integrated in the howitzer, or a separate radar device, measures the actual velocity profile of the projectile in the first part of the trajectory. The SPACIDO computer connected with the fire control system uses this data to determine the deviation of the actual from the cal-culated trajectory to the target, and then calculates the time required for the activation of the aerodynamic bra-ke of SPACIDO (see fuze photo). The radar system then transmits this time data in order for the activation of the SPACIDO fuze via a radio link.

A Diehl and Thales Company

Trajectory monitoring with

muzzle velocity radar 1

Course correction signal sent to the fuze (Time for air brake deployment) 2

Course correction using air brake deployment 3

Fuze terminal effect activation

4

Muzzle velocity CCF

44

For editorial questions please contact:Alexander BurgerGeschäftsfeldmanager DeutschlandJUNGHANS Microtec GmbHUnterbergenweg 10D-78655 Dunningen-SeedorfTel.: 0049 7402 181 - 325Fax: 0049 7402 181 - 400E-Mail: [email protected]

Fuze Design and System Components:

The SPACIDO fuze is based upon existing combat pro-ven and multi-function fuze technology, en-hanced by the previously mentioned aerodynamic brake system and the inclusion of an electronic device for the reception of radio timing signals. SPACIDO is simply screwed to the nose of the muni-tions instead of a conventional fuze, and is com-patible with all in-service 105mm and 155mm ammunition.

The SPACIDO ground station components can either be integrated within the weapon system or mounted separa-tely adjacent to the weapon system.

Programme status:

Within the framework of the development and qualification programme commissioned by the French DGA (Délégation Générale pour l’Armement), JUNGHANS microtec is res-ponsible for the SPACIDO fuze, and NEXTER Munitions in association with Zodiac Data Systems for the other system compo-nents, for example the radar system. An important milestone was already achieved in September 2011. It con-sisted in demonstrating SPACIDO system efficiency with firings, by comparing the accuracy obtained with the sys-tem to the one obtained with standard ammunitions. The qualification tests are currently being conducted and the decisive firings to demonstrate the performance of the sys-tem at long ranges will be performed in autumn this year.

A foreign delegation also attended the firings, which were jointly organized by the DGA, together with the industrial partners. Following the successful qualification, the pre-paration of the serial production will start in 2015. The fi-ring test results clearly demonstrated a dramatic enhance-ment of accuracy in comparison with standard projectiles. In addition, a three-fold reduction of the firing dispersion

was confirmed, as well as significant enhancement of the mean point of impact. Furthermore, the tests clearly de-monstrated the maturity and successful functioning of our fuze sys-tem fired from a 52 Cal. Weapon.

With the demonstrated system performance the risk of possible collateral damages is significantly reduced as well. This, in turn, increases the operational flexibility as well as the combat capability of the overall weapon sys-tem, whilst simultaneously dramatically reducing the logi-stic burden in combat.

Besides the French DGA, who commissioned the deve-lopment and qualification of SPACIDO, planned to con-clude at the end of 2014, a number of other armed forces have already expressed strong interest in the SPACIDO system.

In view of their obvious benefits, 1D course correction fuzes will replace conventional fuzes in many fields of artillery, used as a cost-saving enhancement of combat effectiveness for already existing munitions as well as commissioned with future munitions. The decision whe-ther to select SPACIDO or the GPS-supported 1D course correction fuze European Correction Fuze (ECF), which is intended to be developed at JUNGHANS microtec, is left to the individual requirements of the user. Both systems have their benefits and consequently their justifications.

Representatives of many armed forces assume today that in the long term conventional artillery mu-nitions will exclusively be fitted with course correction fuzes. These munitions will be supplemented to a much smaller extent by guided high and maximum precision artillery projectiles which are required for operational effectiveness against individual high-value targets as well as special operational requirements, as “surgical” strike, in populated areas.

Right from the start of its 125-year history, Rhein-metall has always been a trusted partner of the ar-tillery corps. To this day, the pressing and drawing technique for seamless barrels developed by Rhein-metall founder Heinrich Ehrhardt is still used in mod-ern guns. Given its longstanding experience and innovative competence in armoured vehicle technol-ogy, weapons, ammunition, reconnaissance sensors and networking as well as training and simulation solutions, Europe’s leading defence contractor of-fers a wide array of systems and products for 21st century artillery units.

Artillery remains indispensable in modern military oper-ations – even in asymmetric conflicts. Its precision and firepower enable maximum scalability, ranging from a show of force using carefully placed warning shots to screening the movements of friendly units with smoke/obscurant rounds, to denying the enemy access to criti-cal terrain, breaking up enemy formations and destroying high-value assets. Moreover, today’s “Disciples of St Bar-bara” also play a central role in joint tactical fire support operations.

Rheinmetall supplies advanced, high-performance com-ponents covering every link in the operational chain: re-connaissance, command and control, and engagement. Another core competency of the Düsseldorf-based Group is its unsurpassed ability to network individual components into highly effective “systems of systems”. Finally, Rhein-metall’s outstanding simulation technology makes a major contribution to preparing troops for battle.

Reconnaissance and fire control

The Group’s Vingtaqs II long-range reconnaissance, ob-servation and surveillance system is a top product in the field of reconnaissance and fire control.

Equipped with an electro-optical daytime/night time-capa-ble visual sensor and a laser rangefinder, the Vingtaqs II can determine the exact coordinates of a target at long dis-tances from the position of the forward observer. A stand-alone system, it can be deployed in static or dismounted mode, or mounted on a wide variety of different vehicles. The system also features instruments for laser-enabled target detection, making it suitable for forward air control-ler operations. The accuracy of target acquisition for indi-rect fire support attains Category 1 level. And owing to its

Reconnaissance, command and control, engagement, training – Rheinmetall as a partner of the artillery in the 21st century

The 7.5 cm “System Ehrhardt” field gun – an early Rheinmetall product (photo: Rheinmetall)

PzH 2000 self-propelled howitzer in Afghanistan (photo: German Bundeswehr)

Vingtaqs II, vehicle-supported and dismounted (photo: Rheinmetall)

45

Right from the start of its 125-year history, Rhein-metall has always been a trusted partner of the ar-tillery corps. To this day, the pressing and drawing technique for seamless barrels developed by Rhein-metall founder Heinrich Ehrhardt is still used in mod-ern guns. Given its longstanding experience and innovative competence in armoured vehicle technol-ogy, weapons, ammunition, reconnaissance sensors and networking as well as training and simulation solutions, Europe’s leading defence contractor of-fers a wide array of systems and products for 21st century artillery units.

Artillery remains indispensable in modern military oper-ations – even in asymmetric conflicts. Its precision and firepower enable maximum scalability, ranging from a show of force using carefully placed warning shots to screening the movements of friendly units with smoke/obscurant rounds, to denying the enemy access to criti-cal terrain, breaking up enemy formations and destroying high-value assets. Moreover, today’s “Disciples of St Bar-bara” also play a central role in joint tactical fire support operations.

Rheinmetall supplies advanced, high-performance com-ponents covering every link in the operational chain: re-connaissance, command and control, and engagement. Another core competency of the Düsseldorf-based Group is its unsurpassed ability to network individual components into highly effective “systems of systems”. Finally, Rhein-metall’s outstanding simulation technology makes a major contribution to preparing troops for battle.

Reconnaissance and fire control

The Group’s Vingtaqs II long-range reconnaissance, ob-servation and surveillance system is a top product in the field of reconnaissance and fire control.

Equipped with an electro-optical daytime/night time-capa-ble visual sensor and a laser rangefinder, the Vingtaqs II can determine the exact coordinates of a target at long dis-tances from the position of the forward observer. A stand-alone system, it can be deployed in static or dismounted mode, or mounted on a wide variety of different vehicles. The system also features instruments for laser-enabled target detection, making it suitable for forward air control-ler operations. The accuracy of target acquisition for indi-rect fire support attains Category 1 level. And owing to its

Reconnaissance, command and control, engagement, training – Rheinmetall as a partner of the artillery in the 21st century

The 7.5 cm “System Ehrhardt” field gun – an early Rheinmetall product (photo: Rheinmetall)

PzH 2000 self-propelled howitzer in Afghanistan (photo: German Bundeswehr)

Vingtaqs II, vehicle-supported and dismounted (photo: Rheinmetall)

46

outstanding modularity, it can be readily adapted to meet individual customer requirements, e.g. by adding surveil-lance radar. Vingtaqs II meets the full gamut of require-ments for joint tactical fire support.

In addition, Rheinmetall offers a whole host of other de-vices for surveillance and fire control operations, including the FOI 2000 forward observation system. This compact, lightweight, advanced instrument was developed to ena-ble precise target acquisition day and night.

For artillery and mortar systems, Rheinmetall offers the Vingpos fire control system. It is suitable for self-pro-pelled and towed artillery pieces as well as mortars. Ving-pos serves as an aid to navigation, surveying the firing position, and aiming. This substantially reduces the time until the system can open fire. Furthermore, the Vingpos improves flexibility in positioning as well as overall accu-racy.

Target engagement: 155mm weapon systems and ammunition

Armed with a Rheinmetall 155mm L52 gun, the PzH 2000 self-propelled howitzer is widely considered to be the world’s most advanced and effective artillery system. The weapon itself is characterized by extreme precision. Moreover, chrome plating and laser hardening assure a long service life. Thanks to its automatic loader, this ac-curate and reliable weapon system achieves a high rate of fire, while attaining ranges of up to 30km with standard NATO shells, and up to 40km with extended range pro-jectiles. The modularly designed gun can also be built into other self-propelled howitzers and field artillery sys-tems.

In order to address a broad spectrum of targets, modern artillery systems require a balanced mix of highly effec-tive ammunition designed for different scenarios. Rhein-metall’s family of 155mm Assegai artillery ammunition meets this need. It comprises insensitive ammunition and conventional HE rounds as well as smoke/obscurant, il-lumination, infrared/illumination and other projectiles. In ballistic terms, all members of the Assegai family are iden-tical. This assures that they are all able to attain their full range of around 40km.

Standard Assegai rounds feature a conventional boat tail assembly. To boost their range, the customer can replace

this assembly with a base bleed module, even under field conditions. With a barrel length of 39 calibres, an Assegai BB projectile attains a range of over 30 kilometres. Fired from a 52-calibre barrel, the range can exceed 40 kilo-metres. The Assegai ammunition family complies fully with the NATO Joint Ballistics Memorandum of Understanding (JBMOU) and has been tested in accordance with STAN-AG norms. Furthermore, Assegai rounds have been fired successfully with the Panzerhaubitze 2000 self-propelled howitzer. Rheinmetall intends to qualify the entire Assegai family for NATO customers.

Rheinmetall’s modular propelling charge system, the MPCS, was introduced in the German Bundeswehr in 1996, codenamed the DM72 and DM82. Owing to height-ened operational requirements, the DM 72 was upgraded to the DM92, now safe for use in extreme climate zones at +63°C. The MTLS was developed and qualified for use in NATO standard 155mm L39 and L52 guns, and is the only system anywhere that meets the requirements set out in the JBMOU.

Target engagement: 120mm mortar systems

Two recent additions to the Bundeswehr inventory are the 120mm mortar and Rheinmetall’s mobile Mortar Combat System, which uses the Wiesel fighting vehicle as a plat-form. The Wiesel 2 lePzMrs mortar track serves as the ef-fector of this lightweight, air-portable, networkable system of systems, which combines command, reconnaissance and engagement capabilities.

Equipped with a low-recoil 120mm muzzle-loader mor-tar designed for conventional ammunition with a range of 8,000m as well as for terminal-phase guided munitions, the weapon is operated and reloaded from the safety of the fighting compartment, which shields the crew from ballistic and NBC threats. Thanks to automatic laying, elevation and position determination, plus fully automatic correction of the weapon position round after round, rapid readiness

Wiesel 2 lightweight mortar track (photo: JPW/www.strategie-technik.blogspot.de)

Assegai ammunition family (photo: Rheinmetall)

to fire and high precision are assured. Able to move at high speed from one firing position to another, the Wiesel 2 leP-zMrs is extremely well suited to hide-hit-run-hide tactics.

Besides high explosive, smoke/obscurant and illumination rounds, Rheinmetall’s innovative family of 120mm ammu-nition includes a newly developed propellant system. Long maximum range (up to eight kilometres) and high preci-sion typify these state-of-the-art projectiles.

The IHE round is optimized for semi-hard targets. Apart from substantially improved fragmentation, with the right fuse it is capable of penetrating reinforced concrete in ac-cordance with STANAG 4536, while the HE version has all the insensitive characteristics required by STANAG 4170.

The smoke/obscurant projectile contains four smoke/ob-scurant pods, whose design is based on the DM1560 in the already-fielded 155mm smoke/obscurant round, the DM125. The smoke/obscurant compound used is the same, and is thus non-toxic. Moreover, it produces the same excellent concealment in the visual and infrared spectrums.

Finally, the infrared/illumination round enables excel-lent battlefield illumination in the IR spectrum from 0.7 to 1.2μm, with a minimal signature in the visual spectrum for approximately 45 seconds and a rate of descent of <6m/s.

Common to all of these 120mm mortar rounds is a propel-lant system based on El propellant powder, which displays excellent characteristics with regard to temperature stabil-ity, energy content, storage and system compatibility.

Rheinmetall also offers complete ammunition families for 81mm and 60mm mortars.

On behalf of the Norwegian armed forces, Rheinmetall has also developed the Vingpos mortar weapon system. It consists of a carriage with integrated hydraulic recoil shock absorbers, a customer-specific fire control comput-er, operator interface and base plate.

The carriage weighs around 618 kilos; with the base plate, the entire system comes to 998 kilos. Specifically designed for integration in the CV90 infantry fighting vehi-cle, the system can also be deployed in dismounted mode. Target data is acquired via various sensors and command and information systems, or entered manually. At the push of a button, the mortar orients itself in the direction of the target, with a laying accuracy of under 5 mils. The carriage

for the Norwegian programme is designed for the British L16A2 81mm mortar, but it can also be adapted to receive 120mm mortars.

Training

While simulation-supported training will never fully replace the live-fire variety, it nevertheless offers valuable opportu-nities for low-cost initial, continuing and advanced training. Here, too, Rheinmetall is one of the world’s leading suppli-ers of training and simulation technologies.

In cooperation with eurosimtec, Rheinmetall’s Training & Simulation division has developed the Joint Fires Training System, or JFTS. Among other things, it is used for train-ing forward artillery and forward air observers, enabling trainees to practise a full range of tactical air support pro-cedures at all skill levels as well as calling in direct and indirect fire support. The system can be used for individual training of forward observers, joint terminal attack control-lers and laser operators. Team-level training for joint fire support teams is also possible. Finally, the JFTS is suit-able for higher-echelon training as well, and can also be used in a mission rehearsal context.

Modular and scalable, the JFTS is based on Rheinmetall’s TacSi simulation technology, augmented by Virtual Bat-tlespace (VBS), a well-known product from the serious gaming domain. As a result, the JFTS combines Rhein-metall’s unsurpassed simulation expertise with tried-and-tested serious gaming technology. This enhances custom-er acceptance, as VBS is used in simulation-supported training worldwide.

JFTS meets the full range of military requirements, from lecture hall instruction to high-fidelity FAC simulations, and is qualified for NATO standard operating procedures.

120mm mortar ammunition family (Foto: Rheinmetall)

Vingpos mortar weapon system with built-in 81mm mortar (photo: JPW/www.strategie-technik.blogspot.de)

47

to fire and high precision are assured. Able to move at high speed from one firing position to another, the Wiesel 2 leP-zMrs is extremely well suited to hide-hit-run-hide tactics.

Besides high explosive, smoke/obscurant and illumination rounds, Rheinmetall’s innovative family of 120mm ammu-nition includes a newly developed propellant system. Long maximum range (up to eight kilometres) and high preci-sion typify these state-of-the-art projectiles.

The IHE round is optimized for semi-hard targets. Apart from substantially improved fragmentation, with the right fuse it is capable of penetrating reinforced concrete in ac-cordance with STANAG 4536, while the HE version has all the insensitive characteristics required by STANAG 4170.

The smoke/obscurant projectile contains four smoke/ob-scurant pods, whose design is based on the DM1560 in the already-fielded 155mm smoke/obscurant round, the DM125. The smoke/obscurant compound used is the same, and is thus non-toxic. Moreover, it produces the same excellent concealment in the visual and infrared spectrums.

Finally, the infrared/illumination round enables excel-lent battlefield illumination in the IR spectrum from 0.7 to 1.2μm, with a minimal signature in the visual spectrum for approximately 45 seconds and a rate of descent of <6m/s.

Common to all of these 120mm mortar rounds is a propel-lant system based on El propellant powder, which displays excellent characteristics with regard to temperature stabil-ity, energy content, storage and system compatibility.

Rheinmetall also offers complete ammunition families for 81mm and 60mm mortars.

On behalf of the Norwegian armed forces, Rheinmetall has also developed the Vingpos mortar weapon system. It consists of a carriage with integrated hydraulic recoil shock absorbers, a customer-specific fire control comput-er, operator interface and base plate.

The carriage weighs around 618 kilos; with the base plate, the entire system comes to 998 kilos. Specifically designed for integration in the CV90 infantry fighting vehi-cle, the system can also be deployed in dismounted mode. Target data is acquired via various sensors and command and information systems, or entered manually. At the push of a button, the mortar orients itself in the direction of the target, with a laying accuracy of under 5 mils. The carriage

for the Norwegian programme is designed for the British L16A2 81mm mortar, but it can also be adapted to receive 120mm mortars.

Training

While simulation-supported training will never fully replace the live-fire variety, it nevertheless offers valuable opportu-nities for low-cost initial, continuing and advanced training. Here, too, Rheinmetall is one of the world’s leading suppli-ers of training and simulation technologies.

In cooperation with eurosimtec, Rheinmetall’s Training & Simulation division has developed the Joint Fires Training System, or JFTS. Among other things, it is used for train-ing forward artillery and forward air observers, enabling trainees to practise a full range of tactical air support pro-cedures at all skill levels as well as calling in direct and indirect fire support. The system can be used for individual training of forward observers, joint terminal attack control-lers and laser operators. Team-level training for joint fire support teams is also possible. Finally, the JFTS is suit-able for higher-echelon training as well, and can also be used in a mission rehearsal context.

Modular and scalable, the JFTS is based on Rheinmetall’s TacSi simulation technology, augmented by Virtual Bat-tlespace (VBS), a well-known product from the serious gaming domain. As a result, the JFTS combines Rhein-metall’s unsurpassed simulation expertise with tried-and-tested serious gaming technology. This enhances custom-er acceptance, as VBS is used in simulation-supported training worldwide.

JFTS meets the full range of military requirements, from lecture hall instruction to high-fidelity FAC simulations, and is qualified for NATO standard operating procedures.

120mm mortar ammunition family (Foto: Rheinmetall)

Vingpos mortar weapon system with built-in 81mm mortar (photo: JPW/www.strategie-technik.blogspot.de)

48

Customer-specific sensors, weapons and C4I assets can be incorporated into the system, contributing to a compre-hensive, highly realistic training experience.

Rheinmetall and eurosimtec are currently drawing on their JFTS experience and expertise to complete a recent-ly won order for regenerating the BT33 gunnery training simulator.

JFST soldier of the German 313st Airborne Battalion in action (Photo: Bundeswehr/FSchJgBtl 313)

Author:Team of authors, Rheinmetall Defence

Point of contact at Rheinmetall: Oliver HoffmannHead of Public RelationsRheinmetall-Platz 1D-40476 DüsseldorfPhone: +49 (0) 211 473-4748E-Mail: [email protected]: www.rheinmetall-defence.com

Outlook

Throughout much of its 125-year history, Rheinmetall has maintained close ties to the world of artillery. The Group continues to build on the tremendous know-how it has ac-cumulated over the decades, ensuring it will go on serving artillery users for many years to come, steadily perfecting their reconnaissance, networking, command, fire control, engagement, logistics and training capabilities.

As part of the introduction of the “Armed Forces Joint Tactical Fire Support” (JFS), the Bundeswehr procured a modified version of the Light Armoured Reconnaissance Vehicle FENNEK for Joint Fire Support Teams (JFST). It differs significantly in the domain of the optronic sensors. While the vehicle of the Army Reconnaissance Troops (Heeresaufklärungstruppe) is equipped with the Surveil-lance and Reconnaissance Platform BAA I, the Artillery’s capability requirements concerning their equipment (BAA II) were considerably higher. As a result of technological progress we were able to include newer sensors that were not yet available on the market at the time of the BAA I procurement.

The BAA II is equipped with modern high performance sen-sors: a high resolution CCD camera and a cooled thermal imager of the third generation (“ATTICA”). The generation change from OPHELIOS to ATTICA was a crucial step, as ATTICA offers an image quality that significantly exceeds that of the previous model OPHELIOS. The modern image fusion function allows to combine the data of the thermal

imager with those of the daytime camera. That lets the sol-dier recognize details not visible to the human eye, to then take the best decision on the basis of the optimized im-age. The BAA II furthermore consists of an eye-safe laser rangefinder and a laser target illuminator. With these, the soldier can mark, illuminate and assign targets, thus short-ening the overall reaction time required. The target data identified by the BAA II can be processed by the ADLER combat and weapon control system (CWCS). The devel-opers at Airbus DS Optronics were able to significantly in-crease the laser range finding performance as compared to the BAA I and to improve the ranges considerably.

Both, the cooled thermal imager ATTICA and the CCD daytime camera (Charge-Coupled Device) offer four fields of view. These grant the viewer both, a broad overview as well as the possibility to recognize even the smallest details. The Surveillance and Reconnaissance Platform allows the user to recognize targets at a distance of up to 16 kilometres and to ac-curately identify them at up to 5 kilometres.

The Surveillance and Reconnaissance Plat-form is set to support the soldier’s work, particularly on long missions. Thanks to the new image processing software, the user no longer needs to watch the screen continu-ously, which in the past often led to fatigue phenomena. The automatic motion detection supports the soldier when monitoring the bat-tlefield for a long time and warns him, if and when a potential threat approaches.

The BAA II can be used outside the vehicle with a remote control. Without having to adjust the BAA II, it can be used on a pole or a tripod for example. Its modular design al-lows the system to be easily integrated into already ex-isting information and command systems and optionally upgrade it at any time.

The eye of the JFST: The Surveillance and Reconnaissance Platform BAA II

Airbus DS Optronics GmbH has been developing, manufacturing and producing highly modern optical and optronic devices for military, civilian and security applications for more than 120 years. They are

used for monitoring, identifying and classifying and for precise measuring, evaluating and targeting. We are proud to support the world’s leading armed and security forces with our field-proven equipment. Our optronic devices are used for sea, land, air and space missions on a number of platforms. These include submarines and armoured vehicles as well as airplanes, satellites and UAVs. Our systems make rapid and detailed reconnaissance for border security and the protection of critical infrastructure around the

world possible.

Since October 2012 the company has combined the optical and optronic precision technology from Carl Zeiss Optronics with the know-how of Airbus Defence and Space as a global market leader in defence and security

technology.

49

As part of the introduction of the “Armed Forces Joint Tactical Fire Support” (JFS), the Bundeswehr procured a modified version of the Light Armoured Reconnaissance Vehicle FENNEK for Joint Fire Support Teams (JFST). It differs significantly in the domain of the optronic sensors. While the vehicle of the Army Reconnaissance Troops (Heeresaufklärungstruppe) is equipped with the Surveil-lance and Reconnaissance Platform BAA I, the Artillery’s capability requirements concerning their equipment (BAA II) were considerably higher. As a result of technological progress we were able to include newer sensors that were not yet available on the market at the time of the BAA I procurement.

The BAA II is equipped with modern high performance sen-sors: a high resolution CCD camera and a cooled thermal imager of the third generation (“ATTICA”). The generation change from OPHELIOS to ATTICA was a crucial step, as ATTICA offers an image quality that significantly exceeds that of the previous model OPHELIOS. The modern image fusion function allows to combine the data of the thermal

imager with those of the daytime camera. That lets the sol-dier recognize details not visible to the human eye, to then take the best decision on the basis of the optimized im-age. The BAA II furthermore consists of an eye-safe laser rangefinder and a laser target illuminator. With these, the soldier can mark, illuminate and assign targets, thus short-ening the overall reaction time required. The target data identified by the BAA II can be processed by the ADLER combat and weapon control system (CWCS). The devel-opers at Airbus DS Optronics were able to significantly in-crease the laser range finding performance as compared to the BAA I and to improve the ranges considerably.

Both, the cooled thermal imager ATTICA and the CCD daytime camera (Charge-Coupled Device) offer four fields of view. These grant the viewer both, a broad overview as well as the possibility to recognize even the smallest details. The Surveillance and Reconnaissance Platform allows the user to recognize targets at a distance of up to 16 kilometres and to ac-curately identify them at up to 5 kilometres.

The Surveillance and Reconnaissance Plat-form is set to support the soldier’s work, particularly on long missions. Thanks to the new image processing software, the user no longer needs to watch the screen continu-ously, which in the past often led to fatigue phenomena. The automatic motion detection supports the soldier when monitoring the bat-tlefield for a long time and warns him, if and when a potential threat approaches.

The BAA II can be used outside the vehicle with a remote control. Without having to adjust the BAA II, it can be used on a pole or a tripod for example. Its modular design al-lows the system to be easily integrated into already ex-isting information and command systems and optionally upgrade it at any time.

The eye of the JFST: The Surveillance and Reconnaissance Platform BAA II

Airbus DS Optronics GmbH has been developing, manufacturing and producing highly modern optical and optronic devices for military, civilian and security applications for more than 120 years. They are

used for monitoring, identifying and classifying and for precise measuring, evaluating and targeting. We are proud to support the world’s leading armed and security forces with our field-proven equipment. Our optronic devices are used for sea, land, air and space missions on a number of platforms. These include submarines and armoured vehicles as well as airplanes, satellites and UAVs. Our systems make rapid and detailed reconnaissance for border security and the protection of critical infrastructure around the

world possible.

Since October 2012 the company has combined the optical and optronic precision technology from Carl Zeiss Optronics with the know-how of Airbus Defence and Space as a global market leader in defence and security

technology.

50

Airbus DS Optronics GmbH has analysed the operational experience to date in close coop-eration with the Federal Office of Bundeswehr Equipment, Information Technology and In-Ser-vice Support (BAAINBw), the Army Concepts and Capabilities Development Centre (Amt für Heeresentwicklung), the Artillery School and mission-experienced JFSTs.

These experiences are already included in the development of the successor system of the BAA II. On the grounds of its modularity, this

BAA “New Generation” (BAA NG) is an option for future procurements of the Fennek JFST, the pro-jected “heavy JFST” and “air transportable JFST”, as well as for a conceivable product improvement of the existent Fennek JFST. For instance, Airbus DS Optronics offers a new colour camera, that was developed in-house.

As a result of the technological progress very pow-erful colour cameras can now meet the range re-quirements of the JFST. That was not yet the case when the Fennek JFST was projected. For the user that signifies a number of advantages, including a significantly facilitated target identification for the crew.

With the BAA II, the German artillery has very pow-erful and mission-proven sensor technology at its command. Based on the continued development of the sensors, a further increase in performance for the overall system Joint Fires / STF will be possible in a few years.

Contact:Wolfgang GeißAirbus DS Optronics GmbHCarl-Zeiss-Strasse 22D-73447 Oberkochen Telephone: +49 7364 9557-245Facsimile: +49 7364 502 4907Mobile: +49 171 2246946wolfgang.geiss@cassidian-optronics.comwww.airbusdefenceandspace.com

Joint fire support is a key to success in all ground oper-ations on account of its enormous fire power, its rapid response time and the constant threat it poses to hos-tile combatants. And it will always be so – provided that legacy systems can keep up with the emerging scenar-ios of tomorrow’s battlefields. A new concept of MBDA Deutschland provides the use of guided missiles within all armed forces in joint fire support missions. Guided mis-siles will facilitate combating stationary point targets and moving targets from short ranges up to over 150km – par-ticularly in complex scenarios. The conceptual approach of a Joint Fire Support Missile Family, is based on the use of technologies already available, including existing sys-tems and platforms, and is able to be realised within a short period of time at low cost.

The requirements of the capability profile regarding effects on target and the exceptional importance of joint fire sup-port on the future battlefield formed the basis for all project considerations. Within this capability profile, a distinction is made between the ground-based direct and indirect

effect, and between combating point and area targets. The concept also can be used for special forces as well as for air- and seaborne effect against ground targets.

Particularly the requirement for indirect fire against point targets in urban environments and difficult terrain against mechanised, armoured and unarmoured irregular forces presents a special challenge for today’s systems. Joint fire support missions involving different service branches re-quire interservice planning and coordination.

The Joint Fire Support Missile project of MBDA Germa-ny takes into account a variety of aspects to achieve en-hanced flexibility through the use of guided missiles:

• Integration in the reconnaissance-command and control-fire support loop

• Scalable effect • Missile trajectory and target planning• Mission abort capability• Joint Fire Support Missile Family

Joint Fire Support – more flexibility with guided missiles

MBDA Germany’s Joint Fire Support-Missile

51

Joint fire support is a key to success in all ground oper-ations on account of its enormous fire power, its rapid response time and the constant threat it poses to hos-tile combatants. And it will always be so – provided that legacy systems can keep up with the emerging scenar-ios of tomorrow’s battlefields. A new concept of MBDA Deutschland provides the use of guided missiles within all armed forces in joint fire support missions. Guided mis-siles will facilitate combating stationary point targets and moving targets from short ranges up to over 150km – par-ticularly in complex scenarios. The conceptual approach of a Joint Fire Support Missile Family, is based on the use of technologies already available, including existing sys-tems and platforms, and is able to be realised within a short period of time at low cost.

The requirements of the capability profile regarding effects on target and the exceptional importance of joint fire sup-port on the future battlefield formed the basis for all project considerations. Within this capability profile, a distinction is made between the ground-based direct and indirect

effect, and between combating point and area targets. The concept also can be used for special forces as well as for air- and seaborne effect against ground targets.

Particularly the requirement for indirect fire against point targets in urban environments and difficult terrain against mechanised, armoured and unarmoured irregular forces presents a special challenge for today’s systems. Joint fire support missions involving different service branches re-quire interservice planning and coordination.

The Joint Fire Support Missile project of MBDA Germa-ny takes into account a variety of aspects to achieve en-hanced flexibility through the use of guided missiles:

• Integration in the reconnaissance-command and control-fire support loop

• Scalable effect • Missile trajectory and target planning• Mission abort capability• Joint Fire Support Missile Family

Joint Fire Support – more flexibility with guided missiles

MBDA Germany’s Joint Fire Support-Missile

52

Integration in the reconnaissance-command and control-fire support loop

In order to precisely combat point targets, effectors must be able to navigate and hit very precise. The precision of the effector depends on the reconnaissance-command and control-fire support loop. For instance, imprecise determination of own position and angular errors in reconnaissance contribute to target location error. In com-mand and control, planners are confronted with different reference systems, which could lead to rounding errors during transformation of coordinates. Hit accuracy is gen-erally restricted due to navigation errors of the effectors and external factors such as beam divergence and update rate of laser target illuminators. Solutions on the basis of 3D terrain data for target location and designation will help to minimize those errors.

This method is fully passive (no electromagnetic emission) and enables GPS-independent target designation. Also, this method is complete independent on the perspective of involved sensors and on the target signature. A reconnais-sance-command and control-fire support loop based on 3D data facilitates a phased approach that enables effect through standoff-capable and even more precise combat-ing of point targets. Particularly in the area of 3D target designation, MBDA Germany has many years of experi-ence with the operational weapon system TAURUS KEPD 350.

Scalable effect

Today, missions in asymmetrical scenarios call for high precision and a warhead with an effectiveness accurately adapted to the type of target in order to minimize or com-pletely avoid collateral damages. The German warhead systems company TDW has developed a new effector technology with which armed forces can achieve scala-ble target adapted effectiveness. This advanced warhead technology provides new capabilities for joint fire support missions: what is detonated is just a pre-selectable propor-tion of the explosive, sufficient to meet the requirements and not a detonation of the entire warhead. It enables the effect of the warhead to be adjusted to match the mission requirement even shortly before impact. The remaining

explosive is prevented from detonating and is modified to ensure that no residual explosive remains. The technology is tested and can be used in a wide range of effectors.

Missile trajectory and target planning

Experts predict that the complexity of today’s battlefields will increase further in future. The battlefield will become even more difficult to keep track of: while own forces must engage opponents amid civilian infrastructure, airspace coordination will concurrently become ever more complex due to the deployment of allied manned or unmanned air-borne systems. Guided missiles would give Joint Fire Sup-port commanders the option of planning the missile trajec-tory, cruising altitude and target impact: a potentially major advantage. All these functions enable missions that would otherwise be impossible. For example, a guided missile is able to spear its way through busy airspace regions. After being launched, the missile would quickly descend to an altitude between 2,000 and 3,000 meters without endan-gering UAVs and rotary wing aircraft operating at altitudes of up to 2000m and larger airborne platforms in an altitude above 3000m.

Definition of flight corridors is not necessary, minimizing the overhead for airspace coordination.

The precision strike capability of guided missiles simplifies operations, minimizes the risk of collateral damage and reduces mission costs. Mission abort capability

Technically, implementing mission abort capabilities in ef-fectors is simple. A variety of solution possibilities are con-ceivable, such as target change, controlled crash or de-struction of the effector in flight. A target change requires either a link to the effector, e.g. an RF datalink, or, within extremely narrow parameters, can be realized using a la-ser target illuminator. For a controlled crash or destruction in flight, by contrast, the question of UXO formation and the resulting damage zone must be discussed. In princi-ple, the operational parameters for this functionality have

Solutions on the basis of 3D terrain data for target location and designation are available

Joint Fire Support missile trajectory and target planning

Joint Fire Support simulation environment at MBDA Germany

not yet been clarified completely. For example, it is not clear on what basis and when the abort decision is taken or where an effector should impact the ground and at what distance. Nevertheless, technologies, to enable mission abort capability, already exist.

Joint Fire Support Missile Family

In the past, missile developments in particular were initi-ated from the scratch, to meet the capability requirement. That is no longer possible in times of shrinking budgets. The MBDA concept responds to this challenge with modu-lar guided missile concepts – the Joint Fire Support Missile Family. It is based on the use of off-the-shelf components. This modularized approach enables a varied weapon port-

folio to be fired from different platforms. Implementation is possible with minimum additional cost and effort.

The joint fire support approach additionally presents the opportunity to reduce costs for training and logistics signif-icantly using a family concept.

The solutions outlined here open up new solutions for joint fire support missions. The bundling of the optimum use of reconnaissance, command and control and precise long-range effectors in the mission area ensures the greatest possible protection of soldiers. In this context MBDA Ger-many has been developed a new Joint Fire Support sim-ulation environment specifically to adapt the conceptual design to the needs of armed forces.

Contact: MBDA Deutschland GmbHJörg Müller, BDFHagenauer Forst 27 D-86529 SchrobenhausenE-Mail: [email protected]

53

Joint Fire Support simulation environment at MBDA Germany

not yet been clarified completely. For example, it is not clear on what basis and when the abort decision is taken or where an effector should impact the ground and at what distance. Nevertheless, technologies, to enable mission abort capability, already exist.

Joint Fire Support Missile Family

In the past, missile developments in particular were initi-ated from the scratch, to meet the capability requirement. That is no longer possible in times of shrinking budgets. The MBDA concept responds to this challenge with modu-lar guided missile concepts – the Joint Fire Support Missile Family. It is based on the use of off-the-shelf components. This modularized approach enables a varied weapon port-

folio to be fired from different platforms. Implementation is possible with minimum additional cost and effort.

The joint fire support approach additionally presents the opportunity to reduce costs for training and logistics signif-icantly using a family concept.

The solutions outlined here open up new solutions for joint fire support missions. The bundling of the optimum use of reconnaissance, command and control and precise long-range effectors in the mission area ensures the greatest possible protection of soldiers. In this context MBDA Ger-many has been developed a new Joint Fire Support sim-ulation environment specifically to adapt the conceptual design to the needs of armed forces.

Contact: MBDA Deutschland GmbHJörg Müller, BDFHagenauer Forst 27 D-86529 SchrobenhausenE-Mail: [email protected]

54

History of the German Command & Control System ADLER

Since the beginning of the 1980s ESG is responsible for the development of the Command & Control System ADLER for the German artillery. In more than 30 years of partnership with the German artillery ESG developed a world-wide unique tactical and technical understanding of the procedures for the artillerymen in the field.

ADLER I was the first enrolment in the year 1995. It con-nected all sensors and effectors of the German artillery and gave a totally new freedom and availability to the user. Due to the networked communication line the Forward Observer (FO) did not have to work with only one static howitzer platoon. With ADLER he was able to just issue a target report with a specified desired effect and his superi-ors would decide with which platoon the forward observer would fight. This did not only accelerate the workflow, but gave him and his superiors a much greater availability of platoons as they were able to fall back to the artillery of the whole division and not only of their brigade.

Since the mid-1980s interoperability became also a task for ADLER. In 1985 a first interoperability test between AD-LER and the United States Army system TacFire took place which encouraged all involved personnel to proceed. At the beginning of the 1990s it was decided to join the three artillery interoperability programmes between USA&DEU, DEU&GBR and GBR&USA. The result of this fusion was the Artillery Systems Cooperation Activities (ASCA), which became a true success for interoperability of the attached armies. Soon after forming ASCA the French and Italian artillery joined the programme. The latest member within ASCA that proved it’s interoperability within the Operation-al Evaluation (OE) is Turkey. Since 2004 ASCA is fielded in all involved countries and proved it’s operational value in many multinational exercises since than.

In 2006 ADLER II was fielded as a major upgrade to AD-LER I. ADLER II received a new Human-Machine-Inter-face (HMI) which provided the user in a more direct way to interact with the system and gave him also a better map based situational picture compared to ADLER I.

Artillery Command & Control System ADLER –The backbone for Joint Fire Support

ADLER network with connected entities

ADLER III

From 2009 until 2012 ESG developed the third upgrade of ADLER which had a focus on Joint Fire Support pro-cedures. Since 2013 the adaption of the conversion of all connected systems as shown in picture “ADLER network” is taking place. After this ADLER III will be rolled out in the German artillery and providing the backbone for Joint Fire support for the German Forces.

The HMI of ADLER III is, according to the expectations of a new generation of users, optimised for use by touch. The user is guided through the system by traffic light colors and significant symbols. This leads directly to a shorter training time, less stress faster usage and more safety by the usage of the system.

Firefights as well as orders and the responses to these are graphically reprocessed for the user by workflows. So the user gets at a glance the status of the overall workflow, the involved units and his opportunities of action.

The Decision Support Tool prioritizes incoming Target Re-ports according to values set by the user as origin of the target report, area of the target, Joint High Value / Joint High-Pay-Off Target List, age of the target report, etc. When the user decides to fight against a target ADLER suggests with which combination of effectors the engage-ments should be done. This suggestion is calculated by the availability & range of the different effectors, their pay-load / ammunition according to the desired effect. The ef-fectors within ADLER III are not limited to artillery systems and incorporate also air force and navy assets.

ADLER has the ability to use a wide bandwidth of tactical radios from HF until UHF and provides near-realtime com-munication with these. Automatic routing over the ADLER network allows to use different radios for different tactical levels. For example a command post may hold a satellite connection to a Forward Observer and a HF connection to an effector. By the usage of ADLER all messages between the FO and the effectors are automatically transferred over the command post without any interaction of a third entity.

The system also incorporates a chat-function which allows single and groupchats comparable to smartphones by the usage of the above mentioned radio network. The user has for every message within the chat a status, that tells him if the message was successfully transferred, delivered to and read by the chat partner. The chat module also has a XMPP interface to connect to standard Chatservers as for example used by the NATO (i.e. JChat).

All ADLER entities which use a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) can provide their position over the radio network to other entities. The user decides by which tacti-cal symbol according to APP6 he wants to be represented on the other systems. Moreover he is able to decide how often his position should be updated by time and covered distance.

As shown in picture “Adler network” ADLER is connec-ted to many different sensors and effectors. To minimize the work costs with individual software releases and ne-cessary adaptions ESG developed the interface module, which provides simple XML-standard information to other systems and tactical information to the user. The interface module is highly flexible and can be used with it’s own

HMI or integrated in ADLER without an extra HMI, with and without virtual machines for easy integration in other systems.

Mobile Command & Control Equipment (MOBIFAST)

For dismounted operations ESG designed a mobile Com-mand & Control Equipment named MOBIFAST which con-nects via radio to the ADLER network and to the sensor system Nyxus of the dismounted Joint Fire Support Team (JFST). MOBIFAST allows the JFST to leave their vehicle and still have the full capabilities as mounted on the vehi-cle. The software part of MOBIFAST incorporates also the functionality of Rosetta Firestorm, to which a direct inter-face for information exchange was realised, so that Roset-ta information can be pushed into the ADLER network and the other way around.

Interface container Tactical Data Links Joint Fire Support

To realise Joint Fire Support a common (joint) informa-tion space between army, air force and navy is imminent. While the air force and navy is used to work in interna-tional environments even with their command and control system, the army is not. This and the totally different base of communication infrastructure is the reason why air force and navy use international communication networks like Link16 or Variable Message Format (VMF) for a long time and the army does not.

Workstations in the interface container

The mission of the Interface container is to solve this prob-lem. It connects the army using the ADLER network to the air force and navy using Link16, VMF and a ADLER inter-face using HF communication for the newest frigate of the German navy.

Moreover the interface container also solves a security is-sue, that came up with Joint Fire Support: Due to German regulations the tactical level of the German army cannot work with information systems classified higher than con-fidential. The air force and navy normally works with in-formation systems classified secret. To solve this issue the security gateway was installed, that separates the two security spaces and only allows information to pass, if it has the right security level.

With the interface container all assets of the air force and navy as well as information provided by these can

55

ADLER III

From 2009 until 2012 ESG developed the third upgrade of ADLER which had a focus on Joint Fire Support pro-cedures. Since 2013 the adaption of the conversion of all connected systems as shown in picture “ADLER network” is taking place. After this ADLER III will be rolled out in the German artillery and providing the backbone for Joint Fire support for the German Forces.

The HMI of ADLER III is, according to the expectations of a new generation of users, optimised for use by touch. The user is guided through the system by traffic light colors and significant symbols. This leads directly to a shorter training time, less stress faster usage and more safety by the usage of the system.

Firefights as well as orders and the responses to these are graphically reprocessed for the user by workflows. So the user gets at a glance the status of the overall workflow, the involved units and his opportunities of action.

The Decision Support Tool prioritizes incoming Target Re-ports according to values set by the user as origin of the target report, area of the target, Joint High Value / Joint High-Pay-Off Target List, age of the target report, etc. When the user decides to fight against a target ADLER suggests with which combination of effectors the engage-ments should be done. This suggestion is calculated by the availability & range of the different effectors, their pay-load / ammunition according to the desired effect. The ef-fectors within ADLER III are not limited to artillery systems and incorporate also air force and navy assets.

ADLER has the ability to use a wide bandwidth of tactical radios from HF until UHF and provides near-realtime com-munication with these. Automatic routing over the ADLER network allows to use different radios for different tactical levels. For example a command post may hold a satellite connection to a Forward Observer and a HF connection to an effector. By the usage of ADLER all messages between the FO and the effectors are automatically transferred over the command post without any interaction of a third entity.

The system also incorporates a chat-function which allows single and groupchats comparable to smartphones by the usage of the above mentioned radio network. The user has for every message within the chat a status, that tells him if the message was successfully transferred, delivered to and read by the chat partner. The chat module also has a XMPP interface to connect to standard Chatservers as for example used by the NATO (i.e. JChat).

All ADLER entities which use a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) can provide their position over the radio network to other entities. The user decides by which tacti-cal symbol according to APP6 he wants to be represented on the other systems. Moreover he is able to decide how often his position should be updated by time and covered distance.

As shown in picture “Adler network” ADLER is connec-ted to many different sensors and effectors. To minimize the work costs with individual software releases and ne-cessary adaptions ESG developed the interface module, which provides simple XML-standard information to other systems and tactical information to the user. The interface module is highly flexible and can be used with it’s own

HMI or integrated in ADLER without an extra HMI, with and without virtual machines for easy integration in other systems.

Mobile Command & Control Equipment (MOBIFAST)

For dismounted operations ESG designed a mobile Com-mand & Control Equipment named MOBIFAST which con-nects via radio to the ADLER network and to the sensor system Nyxus of the dismounted Joint Fire Support Team (JFST). MOBIFAST allows the JFST to leave their vehicle and still have the full capabilities as mounted on the vehi-cle. The software part of MOBIFAST incorporates also the functionality of Rosetta Firestorm, to which a direct inter-face for information exchange was realised, so that Roset-ta information can be pushed into the ADLER network and the other way around.

Interface container Tactical Data Links Joint Fire Support

To realise Joint Fire Support a common (joint) informa-tion space between army, air force and navy is imminent. While the air force and navy is used to work in interna-tional environments even with their command and control system, the army is not. This and the totally different base of communication infrastructure is the reason why air force and navy use international communication networks like Link16 or Variable Message Format (VMF) for a long time and the army does not.

Workstations in the interface container

The mission of the Interface container is to solve this prob-lem. It connects the army using the ADLER network to the air force and navy using Link16, VMF and a ADLER inter-face using HF communication for the newest frigate of the German navy.

Moreover the interface container also solves a security is-sue, that came up with Joint Fire Support: Due to German regulations the tactical level of the German army cannot work with information systems classified higher than con-fidential. The air force and navy normally works with in-formation systems classified secret. To solve this issue the security gateway was installed, that separates the two security spaces and only allows information to pass, if it has the right security level.

With the interface container all assets of the air force and navy as well as information provided by these can

56

ESG Elektroniksystem- und Logistik-GmbHD-82256 Furstenfeldbruck, GermanyLivry-Gargan-Str. 6Andreas SchielProject ManagerMaritime & Ground Systems DivisionBusiness Unit Tactical SystemsPhone: +49 89 9216-2012Fax: +49 89 9216-16-2012E-Mail: [email protected]: http://www.esg.de

be used by the German army and the other way around. This means, for example that the German artillery has via ADLER a direct connection to an air force fighter bomber. More than this the interface container enables the German army not only to joint operations but also to combined ones as Link16 and VMF are international standards.

Joint Fire Support Coordination Team

In the German Joint Fire Support Process the first coor-dination element is the Joint Fire Support Coordination Team (JFSCT). It is equipped with the armoured trans-port vehicle Fuchs, in which the whole IT equipment was planned and designed by ESG. The JFSCT Fuchs can be mission specific equipped with different radios according by the user. The wide range of support reaches from HF up to UHF for satellite communication.

Inside the JFSCT Fuchs

With this vehicle the JFSCT is able to support different missions with different communication ranges.

Joint Fire Support Coordination Group

The next level for the coordination elements is called Joint Fire Suport Coordination Group (JFSCG). The JFSCG is the first level in which all representatives of all military branches are present. The ESG concept of the JFSCG consists of three standard 20-feet-container, which can be interconnected by replacing the sides of the contain-er. This gives the whole personnel of the group enough space for their individual workstations, which are all inter-connected by a collaboration network. Big screens at one side of the container available to all workstations allow to show relevant information for planning, decision and briefings.

TARANIS Networked Enabled Solution Suite

ADLER III and all of the above shortly described JFS solu-tions profit from the ESG development of the TARANIS® Networked Enabled Solution Suite (TARANIS® NESS). The development of the Suite began in 2006 and is con-tinuously adapted to the needs of customers. TARANIS® NESS allows ESG to rapidly build customer specific sys-tems. TARANIS® consists of three building blocks, that represent different tactical levels and working environ-ments. Of course all three building blocks are completely interoperable with each other.

TARANIS® TheatreTARANIS® Theatre is the solution for the highest com-mand levels. It is designed for office like working environ-ments and supports service oriented architectures. There-fore the TARANIS® Theatre user interface is completely webbased. TARANIS® Theatre comes with a wide range of interoperability standards like Multilateral Interoperabil-ity Programme (MIP) Baseline 2 and 3.1, NATO Friendly Forces Information (NFFI), ADEM, NATO Vector Graphics (NVG), Automatic Identification System (AIS) and many more.

TARANIS® BattlefieldTARANIS® Battlefield is the solution for the tactical level in single vehicles and mobile command posts. ADLER is a derivate from TARANIS® Battlefield.

TARANIS® SoldierThe newest part of TARANIS® is TARANIS® Soldier. It is especially designed for dismounted soldiers and uses Smartphones and Tablets. It is designed to give soldiers a fast and easy connection to the next higher level and provides therefore all main functions as Situational Aware-ness using maps and APP6 symbols, messaging and chat. TARANIS® Soldier can be easily connected to exter-nal sensors. With augmented reality the system provides a better situational awareness especially in markless en-viron ments like deserts or jungels.

ESG was selected as the supplier of the Joint Fire Support C²IS for the federal armed forces of Germany, because of more than 40 years of ESG experience and competence in IT solutions for armed forces. The predecessor versions of ADLER III, which were also developed by ESG, were fielded and proved in combat in the Afghanistan and Koso-vo theatre.

ESGs concept of the JFSCG

For the armed forces in use application which want to carry out exercises to educate their troops clo-se to reality in the battle field, are training systems at a reasonable price and actual application training systems, supported on an exhaustive and radio-sup-ported communication infrastructure of the highest importance. In meeting of increasing asymmetrical menaces military discussions cannot be fought any more by troops of a single part quarrel strength, but must be fought accordingly of the respective abilities armed forces-together. In addition, experiences have shown that an application-preparatory training, based on the local occurrences available in the operational area and environmental conditions, is of essential me-aning for the fight ability of the troops.

The Swedish armament group Saab offers for nume-rous forces worldwide simulation for education. Sin-ce middle of 1980 Saab also supports the German Bundeswehr with the simulator-supported combat training systems for armoured vehicles and antitank weapons as part of the duel simulator programm “Ausbildungsgeräte Duellsimulator/Education Device Duel Simulator (AGDUS)”. Saab has now created with the Joint Fires Synthetic Trainer (JFIST®) a platform with which application scenarios can be shown virtu-

ally concerning the region, the opponent and for the armed forces-common fire fight near to reality and al-low the other a programmable and when required also changeable practise course.

With the possibility becoming more slightly active Close Air Support (CAS) by fighter aircrafts during exercises, the need arises in qualified Forward Air Controller (FAC) to tar-get announcements and coordination of own land troops and air attacks within the scope of the Close Air Support.

Joint Fires Synthetic Trainer (JFIST®)Saab‘s Joint Fires Synthetic Trainer (JFTS®) is able to close exactly this unsatisfied demand. JFIST® is a joint fires training solution, which can support the education for the application of linked weapons by supply of complica-ted combat scenarios under use of a variety of platforms, sensors and ammunition kinds in special area forms.

JFIST ® is already in use by armed forces and finds out a high recognition and satisfaction of the users in all phases of the training from base education up to the illustration of combat scenarios close to reality. As a precursor, the Joint Fires Synthetic Trainer (JFIST®) was already developed in 2005 on basis of the US doctrine “Tactics, Techniques, Procedures (TTP)”after evaluation by topical operations.

In narrow cooperation of Saab experts and military users of the armed forces, the JFIST® was finally brought into first use in 2009. From the outset the system of the pro-gressive development was adapted with simulation sys-tems and changes of the application procedures as well as the military equipment according to the guidelines of Simulated Military Equipment (SME).

JFIST® supports the whole spectrum of training duties within the scope NATO-STANAG 3797 - JTAC MOA (Joint Terminal Attack Controller - Memorandum of Agreement) and would be also usable to the education according to the concept “Streitkräftegemeinsame Taktische Feuerunterstützung/Joint Fires Support (STF)” of the German Bundeswehr. JFIST® is a system basing on Windows and can be pursued with customary standard PCs as well as with laptops. On account

Simulation & Training

Train where you fightJoint Fires Synthetic Trainer (JFIST®) by Saab – Virtual training solution close to reality on the battle field

View out of a FAC/JTAC training position.

Elements of a virtual scenario.

Exercise battle field with participating training stations.

57

For the armed forces in use application which want to carry out exercises to educate their troops clo-se to reality in the battle field, are training systems at a reasonable price and actual application training systems, supported on an exhaustive and radio-sup-ported communication infrastructure of the highest importance. In meeting of increasing asymmetrical menaces military discussions cannot be fought any more by troops of a single part quarrel strength, but must be fought accordingly of the respective abilities armed forces-together. In addition, experiences have shown that an application-preparatory training, based on the local occurrences available in the operational area and environmental conditions, is of essential me-aning for the fight ability of the troops.

The Swedish armament group Saab offers for nume-rous forces worldwide simulation for education. Sin-ce middle of 1980 Saab also supports the German Bundeswehr with the simulator-supported combat training systems for armoured vehicles and antitank weapons as part of the duel simulator programm “Ausbildungsgeräte Duellsimulator/Education Device Duel Simulator (AGDUS)”. Saab has now created with the Joint Fires Synthetic Trainer (JFIST®) a platform with which application scenarios can be shown virtu-

ally concerning the region, the opponent and for the armed forces-common fire fight near to reality and al-low the other a programmable and when required also changeable practise course.

With the possibility becoming more slightly active Close Air Support (CAS) by fighter aircrafts during exercises, the need arises in qualified Forward Air Controller (FAC) to tar-get announcements and coordination of own land troops and air attacks within the scope of the Close Air Support.

Joint Fires Synthetic Trainer (JFIST®)Saab‘s Joint Fires Synthetic Trainer (JFTS®) is able to close exactly this unsatisfied demand. JFIST® is a joint fires training solution, which can support the education for the application of linked weapons by supply of complica-ted combat scenarios under use of a variety of platforms, sensors and ammunition kinds in special area forms.

JFIST ® is already in use by armed forces and finds out a high recognition and satisfaction of the users in all phases of the training from base education up to the illustration of combat scenarios close to reality. As a precursor, the Joint Fires Synthetic Trainer (JFIST®) was already developed in 2005 on basis of the US doctrine “Tactics, Techniques, Procedures (TTP)”after evaluation by topical operations.

In narrow cooperation of Saab experts and military users of the armed forces, the JFIST® was finally brought into first use in 2009. From the outset the system of the pro-gressive development was adapted with simulation sys-tems and changes of the application procedures as well as the military equipment according to the guidelines of Simulated Military Equipment (SME).

JFIST® supports the whole spectrum of training duties within the scope NATO-STANAG 3797 - JTAC MOA (Joint Terminal Attack Controller - Memorandum of Agreement) and would be also usable to the education according to the concept “Streitkräftegemeinsame Taktische Feuerunterstützung/Joint Fires Support (STF)” of the German Bundeswehr. JFIST® is a system basing on Windows and can be pursued with customary standard PCs as well as with laptops. On account

Simulation & Training

Train where you fightJoint Fires Synthetic Trainer (JFIST®) by Saab – Virtual training solution close to reality on the battle field

View out of a FAC/JTAC training position.

Elements of a virtual scenario.

Exercise battle field with participating training stations.

58

of the modular structure of JFIST® an integration of special hardware and software is possible with only low risk.JFIST® is more than only one system with given procedu-re expiries, but allows the simulation of combat scenarios which are leant very closely to realistic situations on the battle field. The system can be used for so called “Single Role Training” and for “Collaborative Training” and is also offered as a portable mobile solution.

Using the Single Role Training, it can be trained under the following positions:– Forward Air Controller,– Joint Fires Observers oder Close Air Support Obser-

vers,– Laser Operators,– Forward Observers,– Fire Support Officers,– On Scene Commander,– Joint Fires Cell Personnel and– Pilots.

Using the Collaborative Training, different positions can be inserted together in the training programme.

Train where you fightThe 3D-virtual surroundings are provided by means of standard geographic data and allow therefore a very rea-listic representation of the training field. A comprehensive simulation cores, real data of the World Geodetic System - WGS84, are used on basis of the Worldwide Positioning System – GPS for JFIST® solutions as well as generic components (GECO). The 3D-virtual surroundings are complemented with data from a digital topographic height model as well as with infrastructure data to the represen-tation by urbane cultivation. In addition other simulations like day, night, and dusk as well as of every kind of the weather events are possibly. For the recording of realistic exercise scenarios, JFIST® disposes of data from nearly all weapon systems such as:

– combat aircraft, helicopters and UAS,

– battle tanks, armoured vehicles and trucks, trucks andpassenger cars, self-propelled artillery and air defencesystems,

– soldiers, combatants and civilians.

Aerial-dynamic scenarios, battle damage assessment, lines of fire of artillery and air to ground weapon systems, damage simulation and sensor effects and can be play-ed in dependent on situation are available to show situa-tions close to reality. Debriefings and After Action Reviews (AAR) can be carried out very detailed after single exercise segments on basis of monitor recordings and undesirable trends of the training can be corrected.

Saab’s JFIST® is unquestionably an innovative simulation system, which can establish possible application scena-rios near to reality and can explain and support the means of Joint Fires Support within the scope of training and play-able in menace situations.

For information and contact:Saab International Deutschland GmbH Phone: +49 30 40899660-0Fax: +49 30 40899660-9E-Mail: [email protected] Internet: www.saabgroup.com

Training work station.

Simulated Military Equipment (SME)

High fidelity in feel and functionSeveral SMEs can be connected to one positionSME can easily be changed between exercisesAll channels are synchronizedAll views and settings can be recorded and viewed at the Instructors position

Commercial in confidence

Simulated Military Equipment (SME).

Virtual training on the desktop trainer is close to reality on the battle field.

Joint Fires Synthetic Trainer

Airspace de-confliction during CAS employment.


You bury your soaking hands under your chest trying to get some heat into your fingers; they are so numb af-ter lying in the same spot for 48Hrs. Now you need to write the target coordinates down but you can hardly feel the protractor in your hand as you try to align it with the grid-lines on your map. Even the simplest tasks can be-come a challenge when exposed to the reality a soldier or an officer experience in the field; yet every millimeter or procedure is vital for mission success and for safety of own troops. Only proper training, evaluation and validati-on over and over again can effectively mitigate the risks associated with warfare.

With the reality in mind, SAAB the manufacturer of the Joint Fires Synthetic Trainer (JFIST), tries to incorporate Lessons Learned from around the Joint Fires community into their virtual environment believing simulation plays an important role in the day to day training.

The JFIST team holds a holistic approach to the aspects of Joint Fires training; they believe it’s not only about the JTAC or Forward Observer in the field but also important to train the decision makers involved in merging informa-tion from different assets, for example UAS feeds with information from an Electronic Warfare unit. You should effectively be able to train all roles and if needed, try a new constellation for test and evaluation purposes.

Meeting the simulator certification requirements as-sociated with JTAC training will always be a baseline requirement but far from the only. SAAB believes that being a supplier of a “Joint” simulator comes with res-ponsibility, not only by developing realistic features, inte-grating with real equipment and third party simulators but also by supporting the product throughout the lifecycle and providing competent personnel servicing exercises when needed.

59

Joint Fires Synthetic Trainer

Airspace de-confliction during CAS employment.


You bury your soaking hands under your chest trying to get some heat into your fingers; they are so numb af-ter lying in the same spot for 48Hrs. Now you need to write the target coordinates down but you can hardly feel the protractor in your hand as you try to align it with the grid-lines on your map. Even the simplest tasks can be-come a challenge when exposed to the reality a soldier or an officer experience in the field; yet every millimeter or procedure is vital for mission success and for safety of own troops. Only proper training, evaluation and validati-on over and over again can effectively mitigate the risks associated with warfare.

With the reality in mind, SAAB the manufacturer of the Joint Fires Synthetic Trainer (JFIST), tries to incorporate Lessons Learned from around the Joint Fires community into their virtual environment believing simulation plays an important role in the day to day training.

The JFIST team holds a holistic approach to the aspects of Joint Fires training; they believe it’s not only about the JTAC or Forward Observer in the field but also important to train the decision makers involved in merging informa-tion from different assets, for example UAS feeds with information from an Electronic Warfare unit. You should effectively be able to train all roles and if needed, try a new constellation for test and evaluation purposes.

Meeting the simulator certification requirements as-sociated with JTAC training will always be a baseline requirement but far from the only. SAAB believes that being a supplier of a “Joint” simulator comes with res-ponsibility, not only by developing realistic features, inte-grating with real equipment and third party simulators but also by supporting the product throughout the lifecycle and providing competent personnel servicing exercises when needed.

60

Mobile and deployable IT platforms for command support on missions

Future missions of the German Army will take primary place in both combined (multinational) and joint Armed Forces.

Such operations require appropriate command and con-trol equipment for successful execution. High performance information and communication systems serve as an im-portant basis for a linked operation.

The Commander requires a mission system which is able to transport the huge amounts of data required for modern sensors quickly and safely creating an extensive overview of the situation, in (almost) real time.

He needs an operational system that enables him to make decisions according to the actual circumstances - based on this highly detailed situation awareness linked with ad-ditional current information.

If necessary, the fast, optimized use of individual weapons can be achieved, or a more cross-system weapon effect. To comply with these expectations, several requirements have to be realised:

Use of modern, component based and expandable architecture

Scalable technology, from single-soldier-system to complex command posts, with multiple workplaces and vehicles

The possibility of stationary and mobile missions

Identical hardware and software in all aspects and command levels

Task-specificandconfigurablebytheuser,withoutadditional administration

Optimized communication reports for (almost) real-time, safe, priority-dependent transmission of infor-mation (data, text, images) via radio data

Different means of communication (VHF, HF, LAN, WIFI,fixednetworks)

Fast command post communication via Ethernet for data and Voice over IP

Command system ADLER DVA STF in TPz FUCHS

The command weapon control system ADLER DVA STF is a very modern command tool, available for artillery applications. In order to provide almost real-time operation, under live battle conditions, ESG integrated a powerful command and control system for all roles in the operational andfirecontrolcentres,inanarmouredpersonnelcarrier(TPz) FUCHS.

By using this equipment, all necessary communication channels for the distribution of information can be operated. Even under high load, fast and reliable information

In many defence-related projects roda computer GmbH and ESG Elektroniksystem- und Logistik-GmbH work closely together to meet these precise requirements and to optimize the provision of information and command ability.

The following examples demonstrate the performance of modern operation systems where reliable roda products have been integrated:

Project Example: TPz FUCHS FüFu ADLER

processing, enabling accurate decision-making is well supported by the use of modern and robust IT work stations, with touch control and intuitive user interfaces based on the roda Rocky® laptop and the roda 19“ display RD19.

With the TPz FUCHS FüFu ADLER, the German Army has amodernandefficientsystemforthelocation,preparationand operational management of the reconnaissance and weapon equipment, which are interconnected via the composite Joint Fire Support.

Mobile und verlegefähige IT-Plattformenfür die Führungsunterstützung im Einsatz

Zukünftige Einsätze der Bundeswehr werden vorrangig multinational (combined) und Streitkräfte gemeinsam (joint) stattfinden.Solche Operationen erfordern für eine erfolgreiche Durch-führung bedarfsgerechte Führungsmittel.Hierbei bekommen leistungsstarke Informations- und Kommunikationssysteme als Grundlage für eine vernetzte Operationsführung eine besondere Bedeutung.Der militärische Führer braucht ein Einsatzsystem, das die großen Mengen von Daten hochmoderner Sensoren schnell und sicher transportiert und in nahezu Echtzeit zu einem umfassenden Lagebild aufbereitet.Er benötigt ein System, das ihn unterstützt – auf Grundlage dieses hoch detaillierten Lagebilds verknüpft mit weiteren Führungsinformationen – situationsangepasste Entschei-dungen zu treffen.Wenn notwendig geht das bis hin zum schnellen, optimierten Einsatz einzelner Waffen oder wirksystemübergreifender Waffenwirkung.Um diese Anforderungen erfüllen zu können, sind diverse Voraussetzungen zu schaffen:

moderne komponentenbasierte und erweiterbareArchitektur zu verwenden.

Skalierbar vom Einzelplatzsystem bis zu komplexenGefechtsständen mit mehreren Arbeitsplätzen und Fahrzeugen.

Stationärer und mobiler Einsatz möglich. Identische Hardware und Software in allen Rollen und Führungsebenen Durch Benutzer ohne zusätzlichen Administrationsauf

wand aufgabenspezifisch konfigurierbar. Optimierte Kommunikationsprotokolle für echtzeitnahe,

sichere, prioritätsabhängige Informationsübertragung (Daten, Text, Bilder) über Datenfunk.

Unterschiedliche Kommunikationsmittel (VHF, HF, LAN, WLAN, Feste Netze)

Schnelle Gefechtsstandskommunikation über Ethernet für Daten und Voice over IP

Führungsausstattung ADLER DVA STF in TPz FUCHS

Mit dem Führungswaffeneinsatzsystem ADLER DVA STF steht der Artillerie ein sehr moderner Führungsinstrument zur Verfügung.Um auch unter Einsatzbedingungen und im beweglichen Gefecht eine echtzeitnahe Operation zu gewährleiten, wurde durch die ESG eine leistungsfähige Führungsaus-stattung für alle Rollen in der Operationszentrale und Feu-erleitstelle in einen Transportpanzer (TPz) FUCHS einge-rüstet. Mit dieser Ausstattung besteht die Möglichkeit, alle erfor-derlichen Kommunikationskanäle zur Informationsverbrei-tung zu bedienen.

In vielen wehrtechnischen Projekten arbeiten roda MilDef GmbH und die ESG Elektroniksystem- und Logistik-GmbH eng zusammen, um genau diese Anforderungen gerecht zu werden bzw. die Informationsversorgung und Führungsfä-higkeit zu optimieren. Nachfolgende Beispiele verdeutlichen die Leistungsfähigkeit moderner Einsatzsysteme, in denen zuverlässige Produkte von roda integriert wurden.Projektbeispiel: TPz FUCHS FüFu ADLER

Durch moderne und robuste IT-Arbeitsplätze mit Touch-Bedienung und intuitiver Benutzerführung auf Basis des roda Rocky Laptops und des 19“ roda Displays RD19 wird auch unter hoher Belastung eine schnelle und zuverläs-sige Informationsverarbeitung für eine präzise Entschei-dungsfindung bestmöglich unterstützt. Mit dem TPz FUCHS FüFu ADLER besitzt die Bundes-wehr ein modernes und leistungsfähiges System für die Lageaufbereitung und Einsatzführung der Aufklärungs- und Wirkmittel, die über den Verbund Joint Fire Support zusammengeschaltet sind.

01.0 roda MilDef - RedBeitrag ASIO ZG 2013 - 2.indd 1 02.12.2013 14:25:34

Project Example: Mobile Command Posts of the Air Force

Figure 3: Mobile command System of the Air Force The mobile command posts of the Air Force (as a core capability of the mobile command system of Lw - MobFü-SysLw) guarantee the command ability of a combat wing or a division in the mission area, using the most modern communication and command information systems.They serve as a platform for the command of a (flying)operation contingent, the support of the command process and the collection and consolidation of information from various information sources, enabling full situation awa-reness.Robust and well proven roda IT components ensure that the system reliably supports information processing, under operational conditions. With this technology, command de-cisions can be made and their execution can be monitored.By mid-2011, it has been placed three mobile command posts for operations and training at the mandate of the Air Force. These have been used successfully on several occasions, in different training missions, both at home and abroad.SinceFebruary2013,acommandpostsupportsthefirstusage of the Patriot weapon system in the operation

Figure 4: Notebook Rocky® RK9 with 21“display in the Patriot Command System

Figure 1: FunctionFigure 2: CommandFigure 3: CommunicationFigure 4: Electric power supply

Dipl.-Wi.-Ing. Jürgen Metz Phone: +49 7227 95 79 - 34Account Manager Fax: +49 7227 95 79 - 20roda computer GmbH Mobile: +49 174 985 83 00Landstraße 6 E-Mail: [email protected] D-77839 Lichtenau http://www.roda-computer.com

Projektbeispiel: Mobile Gefechtsstände der Luftwaffe

Mobiles Führungssystem der Luftwaffe

Die Mobilen Gefechtsstände der Luftwaffe (als Kernfähig-keit des Mobilen Führungssystems der Lw – MobFüSys-Lw) stellen die Führungsfähigkeit eines Einsatzgeschwa-ders oder einer Einsatzdivision im Einsatzgebiet mittels modernster Kommunikations- und Führungsinformations-systeme sicher.Sie dienen als Plattform zur Führung eines (fliegenden) Einsatzkontingents, der Unterstützung des Führungsvor-gangs sowie der Sammlung und Verdichtung von Informa-tionen aus verschiedenen Informationsquellen zur Erstel-lung eines Lagebildes.Robuste und bewährte IT-Komponenten der Firma roda sorgen dafür, dass das System auch unter Einsatzbedin-gungen zuverlässig die Informationsverarbeitung unter-stützt.Auf dieser Basis können Führungsentscheidungen getrof-fen und deren Ausführung überwacht werden. Bis Mitte 2011 wurden der Luftwaffe drei mobile Gefechts-stände für Einsätze und Übungen durch die ESG GmbH zur Verfügung gestellt und durch die Luftwaffe bereits mehrfach erfolgreich bei unterschiedlichen Übungsvorha-ben im In- und Ausland eingesetzt.Seit Februar 2013 unterstützt ein Gefechtsstand die Ope-ration „Active Fence Turkey“ mit rund 300 deutschen Sol-daten den ersten Einsatz mit dem Waffensystem Patriot. Notebook Rocky RK9 mit 21“ Display im Patriot Führungssystem

In diesem Waffensystem sind tempestierte 21“ Displays und Rocky Laptops RK 9 verbaut.

Dipl.-Wi.-Ing. Jürgen Metz Telefon: +49 7227 95 79 - 34Account Manager Telefax: +49 7227 95 79 - 20roda MilDef GmbH Mobil: +49 174 985 83 00Landstraße 6 E-Mail: [email protected] D-77839 Lichtenau http://www.roda-computer.com








„Active Fence Turkey“ with around 300 German soldiers. Tempest compliant, rugged 21” displays and Rocky® RK9 laptops are installed in this weapon system.

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Project Example: Mobile Command Posts of the Air Force

Figure 3: Mobile command System of the Air Force The mobile command posts of the Air Force (as a core capability of the mobile command system of Lw - MobFü-SysLw) guarantee the command ability of a combat wing or a division in the mission area, using the most modern communication and command information systems.They serve as a platform for the command of a (flying)operation contingent, the support of the command process and the collection and consolidation of information from various information sources, enabling full situation awa-reness.Robust and well proven roda IT components ensure that the system reliably supports information processing, under operational conditions. With this technology, command de-cisions can be made and their execution can be monitored.By mid-2011, it has been placed three mobile command posts for operations and training at the mandate of the Air Force. These have been used successfully on several occasions, in different training missions, both at home and abroad.SinceFebruary2013,acommandpostsupportsthefirstusage of the Patriot weapon system in the operation

Figure 4: Notebook Rocky® RK9 with 21“display in the Patriot Command System

Figure 1: FunctionFigure 2: CommandFigure 3: CommunicationFigure 4: Electric power supply

Dipl.-Wi.-Ing. Jürgen Metz Phone: +49 7227 95 79 - 34Account Manager Fax: +49 7227 95 79 - 20roda computer GmbH Mobile: +49 174 985 83 00Landstraße 6 E-Mail: [email protected] D-77839 Lichtenau http://www.roda-computer.com













„Active Fence Turkey“ with around 300 German soldiers. Tempest compliant, rugged 21” displays and Rocky® RK9 laptops are installed in this weapon system.

62

Microflown AVISA BV develops highly accurate and reliable gunshot and artillery localization systems for fixed and mobile installation as well as for protection of vehicles, fast boats and helicopters.

The Acoustic Vector Sensor technology is unique since it uses the same small sensor for locating small arms fire (SAF), rockets, artillery and mortars (RAM) and also tonal sound sources like ground vehicles, low flying aircrafts and helicopters.

This is the big difference with the traditional microphone arrays that are known for their huge dimensions, difficult logistics based on necessary wiring and transportation and its lack of flexibility due to the dedication of one microphone system type per battlefield threat.

“Game Changer” for Armed Forces

Microphone Arrays vs Acoustic Vector Sensor

This multi-mission and passive localisation system pro-vides fast, accurate and reliable location reports of Points of Impact (POI) and Points of Origin (POO) of the weap-on(s) used. Two of the worldwide unique Microflown parti-cle velocity sensors are the core of an Acoustic Multi-Mis-sion Sensor (AMMS). An AMMS directly measures the direction of sound (the threat), this in contrast to all other (traditional) acoustic systems with microphone arrays. The latter calculate the direction of sound based on the best hypothetical fit and estimate of the direction of the shoot-er based on time differences of sound, triggering multiple microphones.

AMMS have an average directional accuracy of 1,5 de-gree. Orientation can be done manually with a scope or fully automatic with a high precision STERNA of Vectronix.Once they detected a threat, the direction, range of the Small Arms Fire, own position, and a time stamp are wire-lessly communicated to the Command Post, which is a ruggedized Toughbook laptop with the AMMS C2 Software connected to a small wireless receiver. As the majority of the processing is done at the AMMS itself, the transmitted packages to the AMMS Command Post are small, reduc-ing the bandwidth requirement to a bare minimum. The reports from multiple AMMS are then centrally analysed by the AMMS C2 Software and the POO and POI present-ed on a map based GUI in real time. The POO and POI

coordinates are also shown in a tabular format. The avail-able information can be exported or printed for further re-porting or after action reviews. The easy and user-friendly Windows based AMMS C2 Software also allows remote access to all ground sensors to easily and conveniently configure and maintain the system. AMMS have a small Size, low Weight and Power (SWAP) characteristics.

The unique localisation technology is by now considered a “game changer” for the battlefield by the Dutch Armed Forces which funded the development of this technolo-gy, giving ears to UAVs, which is unprecedented to date. Localising RAM impacts or a sniper with a single hand launched UAV from the sky, having instant video confirma-tion of the acoustically located threat, is changing the use and operational aspects of so far “deaf eyes in the sky”.

Further applications range from static situations, guarding key terrain features or approach routes from a pre-de-termined position or overlooking impact areas during life fire training, to mobile use on a variety of land based plat-forms such as vehicles, naval platforms such as fast boats (RIBS) and aerial platforms such as helicopters, always providing crucial information for self-protection, which is hardly available to date.

The use of an AMMS system at the artillery firing range in ‘t Harde (The Netherlands) led to a doctrine change

The AMMS sensor post is oriented by using the STERNA of Vectronix

AMMS C2 Software showing AMMS locations (black) and localisations (red)

UAV with “hearing” capability can map acoustic waypoints and localises threats out of the air

AMMS C2 Software in operation

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This multi-mission and passive localisation system pro-vides fast, accurate and reliable location reports of Points of Impact (POI) and Points of Origin (POO) of the weap-on(s) used. Two of the worldwide unique Microflown parti-cle velocity sensors are the core of an Acoustic Multi-Mis-sion Sensor (AMMS). An AMMS directly measures the direction of sound (the threat), this in contrast to all other (traditional) acoustic systems with microphone arrays. The latter calculate the direction of sound based on the best hypothetical fit and estimate of the direction of the shoot-er based on time differences of sound, triggering multiple microphones.

AMMS have an average directional accuracy of 1,5 de-gree. Orientation can be done manually with a scope or fully automatic with a high precision STERNA of Vectronix.Once they detected a threat, the direction, range of the Small Arms Fire, own position, and a time stamp are wire-lessly communicated to the Command Post, which is a ruggedized Toughbook laptop with the AMMS C2 Software connected to a small wireless receiver. As the majority of the processing is done at the AMMS itself, the transmitted packages to the AMMS Command Post are small, reduc-ing the bandwidth requirement to a bare minimum. The reports from multiple AMMS are then centrally analysed by the AMMS C2 Software and the POO and POI present-ed on a map based GUI in real time. The POO and POI

coordinates are also shown in a tabular format. The avail-able information can be exported or printed for further re-porting or after action reviews. The easy and user-friendly Windows based AMMS C2 Software also allows remote access to all ground sensors to easily and conveniently configure and maintain the system. AMMS have a small Size, low Weight and Power (SWAP) characteristics.

The unique localisation technology is by now considered a “game changer” for the battlefield by the Dutch Armed Forces which funded the development of this technolo-gy, giving ears to UAVs, which is unprecedented to date. Localising RAM impacts or a sniper with a single hand launched UAV from the sky, having instant video confirma-tion of the acoustically located threat, is changing the use and operational aspects of so far “deaf eyes in the sky”.

Further applications range from static situations, guarding key terrain features or approach routes from a pre-de-termined position or overlooking impact areas during life fire training, to mobile use on a variety of land based plat-forms such as vehicles, naval platforms such as fast boats (RIBS) and aerial platforms such as helicopters, always providing crucial information for self-protection, which is hardly available to date.

The use of an AMMS system at the artillery firing range in ‘t Harde (The Netherlands) led to a doctrine change

The AMMS sensor post is oriented by using the STERNA of Vectronix

AMMS C2 Software showing AMMS locations (black) and localisations (red)

UAV with “hearing” capability can map acoustic waypoints and localises threats out of the air

AMMS C2 Software in operation

64

for live firing training and mortar shooting competitions, complementary to monitoring of the range safety. Applications vary from shooting range guard systems (i.e. do all rounds fall within the boundaries of the impact area) to providing support during the training of Forward Observer Officers, Mortar Fire Controllers and/or Forward Air Controllers. With an AMMS system the exact location of where a round is dropped can be exactly established. Fire missions can thus be checked on their effectiveness, but used while adjusting fire will reduce the quantity of rounds used to become effective. So the use of an AMMS System enhances efficiency and effectiveness. Obviously the results can also be used for the certification of the officers and non-commissioned officers that deal with fire missions for direct and indirect fire and close air support.

During operations the use of an AMMS system will provide tactical advantages as the POO of indirect fire weapons will be available before the impact of the shot is felt. Obviously depending on the type of mortar or artillery and the distance the flight time of grenades will be in the range of 20 to 30 seconds (or longer) while the POO becomes available almost instantaneous when the shot is fired and the AMMS report. It will be possible to at least sound a general alarm for incoming fire and counter battery fire can be initiated even before the first hostile round hits the deck.

The current product range of Micoflown AVISA contains:1. AMMS (Acoustic Multi-Mission Sensor): The ground

based AMMS systems are in use in various countries throughout the world by now for compound protection, protection of critical infrastructure and or border protection scenarios/solutions. In 2012, the Dutch ministry of defence formally commissioned Microflown AVISA to provide the world’s first AMMS system. The first AMMS system, permanently installed at the artillery shooting range ‘t Harde for target practising and safety, has been in use every day since and can be visited any time. The second system has been used ever since in a mobile multi mission mode to support training at international ranges, but can be deployed in a mission if needed as well. The third AMMS system is integrated in the DISCUS compound defence system for deployment during missions.

Björn BehrmannSales ManagerMicroflown AVISATivolilaan 2056824 BV ArnhemThe NetherlandsPhone: +31 880 010820Mobile: +31 646 374450E-Mail: [email protected]: www.microflown-avisa.com

The AMMS systems are capable of determining the locations of exploding mortar and artillery shells with high accuracy under all weather conditions. The DISCUS system was equipped with the latest AMMS to improve its capability to also locate Small Arms Fire at the same time as Rockets, Artillery and Mortars.

2. Vehicle mounted AMMS (V-AMMS): The system has been developed hand in hand with the Dutch Special Forces and was recently qualified throughout tests and demonstrations. It has been acquired by multiple armed forced around the world by now. It can be mounted on various types of vehicles providing the crew them with a 360 degree situational awareness. Also Remote Weapon Station can be cued to the threat based on the localization.

3. UAV based RAM and SAF localization: a real-time, fully spherical localisation of small arms fire and rockets, artillery and mortars from a fixed wing UAV. This was made possible because of the low SWAP of the Microflown sensor. It is a worldwide unprece-dented capability, since traditional microphone sys-tems are technical not capable of achieving compa-rable results.

4. Gunshot localization on fast boats: The AMMS sensor has been upgraded for maritime use localising small arms fire from small vessels. For large surface vessels a more complete situational awareness can be offered, detecting and localising rockets, artillery, mortar, small arms fire and rotary wing aircrafts on request.

5. ACHOFILO (Acoustic Hostile Fire Locator): This is a system providing accurate localisation of small arms fire being shot at a manned helicopter. This system was successfully tested on 7th June 2013, on a Cougar helicopter, at the ASK firing range in the Netherlands. It only comprises of one sensor under the belly of the helicopter in contrast to a multi microphone system of DARPA which spreads the microphones all over the helicopter. Microflown AVISA is developing this system in cooperation in large industry partners to simplify the final integration in production or as add-on, since just one AMMS is needed.

IABG has been advising and assisting the Bundeswehr as a product-independent service provider for more than 50 years in all phases of the procurement process (now IPP and CPM nov.). The company combines deployment ex-perience and operational expertise with proven research capabilities and supports its clients in the dimensions of Joint, Land, Air, Integrated Air & Missile Defence, Maritime, Space and Information Space. With its services, IABG ac-companies its national and international clients based on the principles of “whole lifecycle support” from capability/requirement analysis for future systems, performance test in the realisation phase through to operation. As an exam-ple, IABG has thus supported the derivation of functional requirements for a future artillery system in 2030 on behalf of the Federal Ministry of Defence (BMVg) and in close cooperation with the German Office for Army Develop-ment (AHEntwg) on the basis of future deployment sce-narios, the tactical tasks of artillery and a detailed threat analysis. In the field of research and technology (R&T), IABG analyses and evaluates technologies in all capability categories in relation to command and control, reconnais-sance, effectiveness and support with the aid of studies, simulation-based analyses or experimental trials. This is illustrated using examples from the field of artillery.

Background

Joint fire support (JFS) is, by definition, the armed forces joint capacity for mutual fire support on the tactical level for Air, Land and Sea armed forces as well as special forces in all dimensions of the deployment area. The following target capabilities can be defined for the JFS:

• Coordinated, responsive and level-appropriate deploy-ment

• Deployment of previously separate land, air and sea-based munitions in a joint command and control net-work

• Selection of the most appropriate effector available

• Growth of fire requests up to the level authorised for combat and ammunition approval (bottom-up ap-proach) with the aim of decision-making on the lowest possible level

• Application of the relevant rules of engagement, and of the applicable planning, management and deci-sion-making processes

• Minimisation and analysis of collateral damage

• Increase in ammunition precision and target location accuracy

The JFS thus sets very specific demands in terms of time, space, efficiency and effectiveness. These demands are

all considered “hard” in technical terms, as the breach of a condition would pose a risk to either our own forces or non-combatants/civilians. In this way, if an impact is not achieved in a timely manner, for example, this may represent a risk to own troops. In another example, the selection of an oversized weapon and/or an inaccurate target location could increase the likelihood of collateral damage and thus the risk to both the civilian population and own troops.

In the following, we deal with examples of three aspects which have a significant effect on the requirements in the different dimensions.

Further development of ammunition

With increasing urbanisation, particularly in unstable regions and developing countries, as well as the shift in crisis and conflict zones to urban areas triggered by this, Military Operations on Urban Terrain (MOUT) are increasingly more likely. In such scenarios, the task of the high-precision engagement of point and single targets in areas with highly condensed infrastructure will fall to artillery in the role of fire support. The avoidance of collateral damage is an important aspect here, especially in view of the likely operational tasks of the Bundeswehr in the context of “conflict prevention and crisis management”.

The hit accuracy, particularly of “intelligent” weapons, during operations in urban environments is no longer determined only by systemic technical properties, but also by external factors, especially infrastructure. This can be illustrated by the example of semi-autonomous terminally guided munitions, the deployment of which requires the target to be distinguished from its environment using a laser designator for the weapon. The “Copperhead” and “Krasnopol” are two examples of this type of ammunition. The company Diehl BGT Defence is also working together with an international partner on a type of artillery ammunition equipped with an SAL seeker (semi-active laser). The bullet trajectory of this type of ammunition is roughly divided up into the ballistic phase, the glide phase and the final approach.

At the end of the glide phase, the seeker attempts to lock onto the laser target. In simple terms, a successful final approach depends on whether the laser target lies in the sensor’s field of view during the final approach phase from the scattered position of the ammunition in space, whether there is a direct line of sight between the laser target and sensor and whether the ammunition is “agile” enough to hit the target within the available remaining flight time. It turns out that, in

Challenges for the Artillery in Joint Fire Support (JFS)

65

IABG has been advising and assisting the Bundeswehr as a product-independent service provider for more than 50 years in all phases of the procurement process (now IPP and CPM nov.). The company combines deployment ex-perience and operational expertise with proven research capabilities and supports its clients in the dimensions of Joint, Land, Air, Integrated Air & Missile Defence, Maritime, Space and Information Space. With its services, IABG ac-companies its national and international clients based on the principles of “whole lifecycle support” from capability/requirement analysis for future systems, performance test in the realisation phase through to operation. As an exam-ple, IABG has thus supported the derivation of functional requirements for a future artillery system in 2030 on behalf of the Federal Ministry of Defence (BMVg) and in close cooperation with the German Office for Army Develop-ment (AHEntwg) on the basis of future deployment sce-narios, the tactical tasks of artillery and a detailed threat analysis. In the field of research and technology (R&T), IABG analyses and evaluates technologies in all capability categories in relation to command and control, reconnais-sance, effectiveness and support with the aid of studies, simulation-based analyses or experimental trials. This is illustrated using examples from the field of artillery.

Background

Joint fire support (JFS) is, by definition, the armed forces joint capacity for mutual fire support on the tactical level for Air, Land and Sea armed forces as well as special forces in all dimensions of the deployment area. The following target capabilities can be defined for the JFS:

• Coordinated, responsive and level-appropriate deploy-ment

• Deployment of previously separate land, air and sea-based munitions in a joint command and control net-work

• Selection of the most appropriate effector available

• Growth of fire requests up to the level authorised for combat and ammunition approval (bottom-up ap-proach) with the aim of decision-making on the lowest possible level

• Application of the relevant rules of engagement, and of the applicable planning, management and deci-sion-making processes

• Minimisation and analysis of collateral damage

• Increase in ammunition precision and target location accuracy

The JFS thus sets very specific demands in terms of time, space, efficiency and effectiveness. These demands are

all considered “hard” in technical terms, as the breach of a condition would pose a risk to either our own forces or non-combatants/civilians. In this way, if an impact is not achieved in a timely manner, for example, this may represent a risk to own troops. In another example, the selection of an oversized weapon and/or an inaccurate target location could increase the likelihood of collateral damage and thus the risk to both the civilian population and own troops.

In the following, we deal with examples of three aspects which have a significant effect on the requirements in the different dimensions.

Further development of ammunition

With increasing urbanisation, particularly in unstable regions and developing countries, as well as the shift in crisis and conflict zones to urban areas triggered by this, Military Operations on Urban Terrain (MOUT) are increasingly more likely. In such scenarios, the task of the high-precision engagement of point and single targets in areas with highly condensed infrastructure will fall to artillery in the role of fire support. The avoidance of collateral damage is an important aspect here, especially in view of the likely operational tasks of the Bundeswehr in the context of “conflict prevention and crisis management”.

The hit accuracy, particularly of “intelligent” weapons, during operations in urban environments is no longer determined only by systemic technical properties, but also by external factors, especially infrastructure. This can be illustrated by the example of semi-autonomous terminally guided munitions, the deployment of which requires the target to be distinguished from its environment using a laser designator for the weapon. The “Copperhead” and “Krasnopol” are two examples of this type of ammunition. The company Diehl BGT Defence is also working together with an international partner on a type of artillery ammunition equipped with an SAL seeker (semi-active laser). The bullet trajectory of this type of ammunition is roughly divided up into the ballistic phase, the glide phase and the final approach.

At the end of the glide phase, the seeker attempts to lock onto the laser target. In simple terms, a successful final approach depends on whether the laser target lies in the sensor’s field of view during the final approach phase from the scattered position of the ammunition in space, whether there is a direct line of sight between the laser target and sensor and whether the ammunition is “agile” enough to hit the target within the available remaining flight time. It turns out that, in

Challenges for the Artillery in Joint Fire Support (JFS)

66

an urban environment, the operational effectiveness of semi-autonomous terminally guided ammunition is influenced not only by the agility and scattering of the projectile in the space at the time of target detection, but also by the shadowing of the target by infrastructure, which plays an essential role. In theory, an analysis should be carried out not only during the design phase or during the capability check as part of munitions development, but also prior to each deployment in order to calculate the hit probability and collateral damage risk. This also applies in principle for ammunition which is guided “with pinpoint accuracy” to previously determined coordinates by GPS/INS technologies.

With AHEAD (Ammunition Hit Location, Effectiveness And Collateral Damage Assessment), IABG has developed an analytical tool for hit, impact and collateral damage analysis on behalf of the Federal Office of Bundeswehr Equipment, Information Technology and In-Service Support (BAAINBw). In addition to models used to describe munitions trajectories (exterior ballistics), AHEAD also uses those which describe the interaction of the munitions with military targets and infrastructure (terminal ballistics, vulnerability). The German standard vulnerability model UniVeMo (Universal Vulnerability Model), which is also developed and operated by IABG on behalf of the BAAINBw and used to analyse the effectiveness of all national types of ammunition, is used here, for example, to determine ammunition effectiveness and for collateral damage analysis.

For a realistic analysis, AHEAD uses a GIS-based terrain, object and infrastructure database which maps the real world in 3D. This essentially defines a realistic simulation environment. AHEAD also has an interface for coupling to a scenario generator as well as constructive and virtual simulations. AHEAD allows hit distributions and ammunition efficiencies for specific situations to be determined from the simulation results. AHEAD thus has the ability to simulate the suitability and effectiveness of weapons in complex environments and to analyse and support the decision-making process. This will be illustrated for terminally guided munitions as an example.

The following figures show the impact of infrastructural shadowing on the deployment of terminally guided ammunition. In addition to this, simulations (100 Monte-Carlo runs) were performed in AHEAD in a fictitious urban environment (figure 1). In the example, the firing direction is defined to the southwest, i.e. the firing position is located in the northeast of the city area. The dispersion of the projectiles in the space (figure 2, left) over the target area at the time of target detection, in combination with infrastructure shadowing from the northeast to the southwest, resulted in only a fraction of the simulated shots achieving a hit (figure 2, right). Other configurations with unvarying ammunition and engagement ranges and identical detonators, but different firing directions (e.g. to the northeast, i.e. rotated 180°) led to significantly better results, in which almost 100% of the attempts achieved a hit. The shooting direction is essentially determined by

the firing position of the weapon system and is thus more or less quasi-static. One possible solution for the problem shown (capability gap) would be to design the projectile’s trajectory in such a way that the final approach would run along the stretch of road from west to east or vice versa. This would ensure that the seeker detects the laser mark in good time. The use of GPS/INS-guided ammunition in combination with terminal control enables this kind of modelling of the projectile’s trajectory. An accurate final approach is thus also possible in the case of shadowing. However, it is important that, in addition to the technical realisation of the trajectory mapping in the projectile, the ability to plan trajectories is also provided in the battle management system (BMS) and fire control.

The use of GPS/INS-guided munitions – without laser designator and laser seeker – can in many cases be a suitable and cost-effective alternative for the engagement of static or quasi-static targets. This requires highly accurate target location, however, as otherwise the target will be missed. This requirement applies, for example, for a GMLRS (Guided Multiple Launch Rocket System) with unitary warhead or GPS/INS-guided 155 mm shells, which is currently being investigated by the German artillery and the BAAINBw.

Target location

The requirements on target location with regard to ac-curacy and reliability have steadily grown along with the increase in ammunition accuracy. Modern target location sensors equipped with laser rangefinders - such as the JFST FENNEK vehicle’s observation and reconnaissance equipment (BAA II) or light, portable NYXUS observation equipment - achieve sufficient accuracy for unguided mu-nitions. When it comes to the use of GPS/INS-guided pre-cision munitions, however, these can quickly become the decisive factor for hit accuracy or inaccuracy. If we take, as a basis, a theoretically expected accuracy for target localisation of 20 m 2DRMS for today’s gyro-stabilised systems and the accuracy of currently deployed GPS/INS-guided munitions as 5 m 2DRMS, a “precise miss” is

Figure 1: Fictitious model simulation environment of a city (target: vehicle in centre right of image)

to be expected (i.e. an precise hit to the coordinates, far away to the target). With the improving accuracy of guided munitions , this problem will gain significant importance in the near future.

In the case of highly mobile use by dismounted forces, the problem is reinforced by the fact that, for reasons of weight, only target locating devices with digital magnetic compasses and a correspondingly high deviation in the azimuth angle can be used. As part of a study conducted by IABG into achievable target location accuracy against real targets with military operators, deviations of an aver-age of 100 m 2DRMS to the actual target position were ascertain at an observation distance of 1000 metres. This deviation increases sharply with greater distances due to the large angular error.

Even with the latest gyro-stabilised target tracking sys-tems, it will be impossible to achieve the accuracy of a few metres required for the efficient use of high precision GPS/INS-guided munitions in the foreseeable future.

This is due to the fact that there are physical and technical limitations on sensor performance against targets on ter-rain. In addition to this, height error in the use of high-pre-cision munitions is clearly gaining in importance. This is especially true when used in an urban environment, where the precise engagement of a point target on a given floor of a building is made possible by appropriately mapping the projectile’s trajectory. This further increases the de-mands on the sensor capabilities of target location sys-tems, whereby the systems should not be too expensive and, in addition to in-vehicle sensors, portable units with corresponding size and weight limits are also required.

One possible solution is the use of highly accurate, geo-referenced, three-dimensional terrain data. This data can – depending on framework conditions and the ex-pense involved in creating it – achieve global coordinate accuracies of less than one metre. The challenge of de-termining the coordinates of a point with high accuracy is “shifted” from a military operator to specialists who create the terrain data in advance of a mission using powerful computer systems and the appropriate expertise. To per-form actual highly accurate target location, all that is re-quired is suitable viewing software on a mobile computer (e.g. MOBIFAST), which can be used to represent the de-termined target coordinates on the virtual terrain and cor-rect these to the desired position in the case of deviations. Both the terrain data for target location and the control systems of GPS/INS-guided munitions work continuously on a common reference system, typically WGS84. Thus, all physical influences on the measurement of the refer-ence variables – for example, determining the grid north direction – are not relevant for hit accuracy.

The decisive criterion in the use of geo-referenced terrain data is the three-dimensional object representation. While a high resolution, geo-referenced aerial image is sufficient for airborne systems, a ground-based observer requires a suitable image from his own perspective in order to identi-fy the target correctly (see Figure 4).

Especially in the urban environment, it is only possible to obtain such an image using three-dimensional vector models of buildings and objects. Synergetic effects are a possible result of the sharing of a common data base for the areas of target location, efficiency analysis, collateral Figure 3: “Precise miss” principle for precision munitions

Figure 2: left – dispersion of the projectile trajectories for all simulation runs; right – hit location in the target area as a result of dispersion and shadowing from infrastructure in the case of a southwestwardly firing direction

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to be expected (i.e. an precise hit to the coordinates, far away to the target). With the improving accuracy of guided munitions , this problem will gain significant importance in the near future.

In the case of highly mobile use by dismounted forces, the problem is reinforced by the fact that, for reasons of weight, only target locating devices with digital magnetic compasses and a correspondingly high deviation in the azimuth angle can be used. As part of a study conducted by IABG into achievable target location accuracy against real targets with military operators, deviations of an aver-age of 100 m 2DRMS to the actual target position were ascertain at an observation distance of 1000 metres. This deviation increases sharply with greater distances due to the large angular error.

Even with the latest gyro-stabilised target tracking sys-tems, it will be impossible to achieve the accuracy of a few metres required for the efficient use of high precision GPS/INS-guided munitions in the foreseeable future.

This is due to the fact that there are physical and technical limitations on sensor performance against targets on ter-rain. In addition to this, height error in the use of high-pre-cision munitions is clearly gaining in importance. This is especially true when used in an urban environment, where the precise engagement of a point target on a given floor of a building is made possible by appropriately mapping the projectile’s trajectory. This further increases the de-mands on the sensor capabilities of target location sys-tems, whereby the systems should not be too expensive and, in addition to in-vehicle sensors, portable units with corresponding size and weight limits are also required.

One possible solution is the use of highly accurate, geo-referenced, three-dimensional terrain data. This data can – depending on framework conditions and the ex-pense involved in creating it – achieve global coordinate accuracies of less than one metre. The challenge of de-termining the coordinates of a point with high accuracy is “shifted” from a military operator to specialists who create the terrain data in advance of a mission using powerful computer systems and the appropriate expertise. To per-form actual highly accurate target location, all that is re-quired is suitable viewing software on a mobile computer (e.g. MOBIFAST), which can be used to represent the de-termined target coordinates on the virtual terrain and cor-rect these to the desired position in the case of deviations. Both the terrain data for target location and the control systems of GPS/INS-guided munitions work continuously on a common reference system, typically WGS84. Thus, all physical influences on the measurement of the refer-ence variables – for example, determining the grid north direction – are not relevant for hit accuracy.

The decisive criterion in the use of geo-referenced terrain data is the three-dimensional object representation. While a high resolution, geo-referenced aerial image is sufficient for airborne systems, a ground-based observer requires a suitable image from his own perspective in order to identi-fy the target correctly (see Figure 4).

Especially in the urban environment, it is only possible to obtain such an image using three-dimensional vector models of buildings and objects. Synergetic effects are a possible result of the sharing of a common data base for the areas of target location, efficiency analysis, collateral Figure 3: “Precise miss” principle for precision munitions

Figure 2: left – dispersion of the projectile trajectories for all simulation runs; right – hit location in the target area as a result of dispersion and shadowing from infrastructure in the case of a southwestwardly firing direction

68

damage analysis and tactical C2I systems. This can help to avoid the additional costs of repeated data creation and storage for the same deployment area.

In the future, the Bundeswehr will be provided with three-dimensional terrain data across the entire mission spectrum, even for highly accurate target location. To this end, IABG is currently working with the Bundeswehr Geo-information Office and the BAAINBw to develop manu-facturer-independent and sustainable concepts and solu-tions.

Deployment and decision support

The JFS does not seek to define the decision-making level for combat and weapons approval in the fixed sense, but to allow for situation and task dependent

growth by means of a bottom-up approach. The goal is to keep this decision-making level as low as possible. Conversely, however, this also means that any potential decision-making level must be able to apply the required capabilities defined in the introduction to the JFS. It is also clear that, when it comes to the dimension of time, very different limits may apply within which a decision must be made. This may mean that there is plenty of decision-making time in some cases, while in others, the time frame is very tight.

The best way to illustrate these framework conditions is by means of a decision support system in stages. This allows hard system parameters (range, availabili-ty) to be evaluated with regard to impact and accuracy requirements and collateral damage avoidance in a first stage within a very tight time frame. Availability within the meaning of the status of weapons systems would ideally be fed from a battle management system or C2I system. In a second stage, the engagement process can be highly accurately simulated in the virtual world of the specific deployment area. This applies, for exam-ple, if there is sufficient time, if several weapons were identified as equally suitable in the analysis on the ba-sis of technical parameters, or if the risk of collateral damage requires more careful investigation. This allows in particular the probability of collateral damage to be worked out in detail and incorporated as an essential component in the decision-making process.

It is initially irrelevant here which stage is applied to which decision-making level. The sole deciding factor is the generation of the capability.

In this case, AHEAD software already offers the function-alities for carrying out comparative analyses of different weapons systems and munitions in a tactical situation with regard to hit and impact probability as well as for poten-tial collateral damage, and thus for supporting the deci-sion-making process. In the example in figure 5, a target was engaged with several shots of classic ammunition (without GPS/INS or terminal guidance) and the collater-al damage determined. The individual ground detonation points are shown in the graph (view from above) as cir-cles. As a result of collateral damage analysis, damaged or destroyed walls and roofs, for example, are visualised.

Figure 4: Target building in a geo-referenced aerial image (left) and in the three-dimensional terrain model from the perspective of the observer (right)

The impact data on which the collateral damage analysis is based was again determined using the standard vulnerability model UniVeMo, which is currently used throughout Germany as the only tool for the determination of RED (Risk Estimate Distance) and CER (Collateral Effects Radius) values for Bundeswehr weapons.

Summary

The joint fire support (JFS) presents new challenges for the artillery, but at the same time offers new opportunities to establish itself as a central provider and coordinator for fire support. The aim of this paper was to show how the obstacles to precise, analytical, secure weapons usage can be overcome with the lowest possible probability of collateral damage. It is not only classical indirect weapon systems of the tube and rocket artillery that are relevant here, but also the mortars of infantry units and the weapon systems of the German Air Force, Army Aviation and Navy.

A promising approach to a solution requires, in addition to highly accurate and reliable target location, a multi-stage decision support system with the capability to simulate and analyse combat operations on the basis of deployment area mapping. Developing new types of am-munition – which make it possible to “map” trajectories depending on the environment – round out these require-ments.

Authors: Klaus Kappen and Michael BaslerIABG mbHOperationen und Systeme LandEinsteinstr. 20, D-85521 [email protected]

Dipl.-Ing. Klaus Kappen is responsible for all issues relating to land/army in the Defence & Security department at IABG.

Dipl.-Ing. Michael Basler is the Project Manager responsible for the areas of JFS and target location

Figure 5: Collateral damage analysis with AHEAD, damaged (yellow) or destroyed (red) walls (lines) and roofs (faces) caused by weapon effectiveness (ground detonation points as circles)

All of these issues are currently being dealt with and in-vestigated at IABG. Possible solutions in the form of dem-onstrators and analysis tools have either already been created, such as AHEAD, or are currently in development. In addition to this, IABG has the capacity to create the

GIS-based terrain, object and infrastructure databases which are required for analysis and simulation, and which map out the deployment or analysis areas in 3D in next to no time.

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Authors: Klaus Kappen and Michael BaslerIABG mbHOperationen und Systeme LandEinsteinstr. 20, D-85521 [email protected]

Dipl.-Ing. Klaus Kappen is responsible for all issues relating to land/army in the Defence & Security department at IABG.

Dipl.-Ing. Michael Basler is the Project Manager responsible for the areas of JFS and target location

Figure 5: Collateral damage analysis with AHEAD, damaged (yellow) or destroyed (red) walls (lines) and roofs (faces) caused by weapon effectiveness (ground detonation points as circles)

All of these issues are currently being dealt with and in-vestigated at IABG. Possible solutions in the form of dem-onstrators and analysis tools have either already been created, such as AHEAD, or are currently in development. In addition to this, IABG has the capacity to create the

GIS-based terrain, object and infrastructure databases which are required for analysis and simulation, and which map out the deployment or analysis areas in 3D in next to no time.

70

AFCEA Bonn e.V. is a non-profit organization with-out any commercial interests; we are an indepen-dent and neutral institution – not a lobby group for political influences. The user forum for telecommu-nications, computer, electronics and automation has currently approximately 870 private – and 90 corporate members and is open for all interested parties. The membership consists of major compa-nies in the information and communications tech-nology (ICT) sector and a large number of small and medium-sized companies based in the Bonn-Co-logne-Koblenz region.

AFCEA Bonn e.V. represents current ICT topics of se-curity policy and our international alliances. The asso-ciation provides a neutral platform and is an initiator for transfer of knowledge and exchange of ideas between research, industry and users of modern information as well as ICT in the areas of defense, homeland security, public administration, teaching, research and business.

The different offers all turn on an annual subject: In 2014 it is “Interoperability – The Permanent Challenge“. For AFCEA Bonn e.V., this concept is not only about technol-ogy. Interoperability has to begin at the level of communi-cation and and exchange, and requires not only techno-logical capabilities but also a common goal.

Our goal at AFCEA Bonn e.V. is to think out of the box and to stretch the different themes on purpose beyond the topic of technology: “Bringing Government and In-dustry together since 1946“ is a worldwide principle of AFCEA Chapter 130, including Bonn. AFCEA Bonn as a neutral forum tries to link different, give questions and space for answers. Furthermore, we establish the ba-sics for an open-minded discourse, which are already in our “business model“ on interoperability of different levels aligned with various partners. Interoperability as a principle of thoughts and claims is a consistent core motif of our events. Therefore, we would like to detail this non-technological view of our “interoperability – and much of this can be used for the almost overused term “joint“ as well:

National – International: AFCEA Bonn is not only ac-tive in the Rhine area. For example, we work together for example with the BITKOM and ZVEI in Berlin and also with representatives of NATO or the EU in events.

Purchasers – Developer: We currently observe some touch aversion between those with procurement respon-sibilities and the high performing national and interna-tional industry. Thus, the possibility of exchanging ideas and knowledge is more important than ever before.

Armed Forces – Authorities with Federal Security Tasks – Federal Administration: Armed forces are no longer the single source of innovation. For command and control systems or other public services it is worth com-pare existing solutions and check their applicability for re-use.

Research – Realization: The detection and use of tech-nological trends and opportunities for own demands is only possible in close partnerships between scientists at research institutions or universities and developers in companies.

Users – Decision-Makers: To achieve the benefits of an institutionalized interoperability, it is our constant concern to point out the demands of users, mostly the „troops“, supported by the procurers to clarify the deci-sion-makers to the ministerial ranks.

Young Talents – Old Stagers: AFCEA calls members aged up to and including 40 years Young AFCEANs. During the last few years, we have given more and more room for sharing new ideas within AFCA Bonn e.V.

You’ve probably noticed: We provide many opportunities for participation. This may be a visit of one of our many events or commitments in one of our boards. Beside the personal membership as an individual, it is also possible to attend as a representative for a corporate member. Corporate members are legal entities (companies and corporations), which are basically allowed (based on their selected status) to name a certain amount of its em-ployees to participate in AFCEA Bonn e.V.

Bringing together Government and Industry

Contact:Jochen ReinhardtMember of the executive board AFCEA Bonn e.V.., Borsigallee 2, 53125 Bonn Telefon: +49 228 925 82 52 Telefax: +49 228 925 82 53 E-Mail: [email protected]

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International Artillery · PDF fileInternatIonal artIllery SympoSIum 2014 5 I a S IaroerSteIn ermany o 0 10 2014 Introduction Colonel Fiepko Kolman, Deputy Commander of German Artillery