Interregional workshop on strengthening capacities to deal with international migration 22 - 23 September 2011, Geneva, Palais des Nations Migration Section,

Interregional workshop on strengthening capacities Interregional workshop on strengthening capacities to deal with international migrationto deal with international migration

22 - 23 September 2011, Geneva, Palais des Nations22 - 23 September 2011, Geneva, Palais des Nations

Migration Section, Population DivisionMigration Section, Population DivisionDepartment of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA)Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA)

United Nations, New YorkUnited Nations, New York

International migration International migration in Africa, Europe and in Africa, Europe and

Latin America and the CaribbeanLatin America and the Caribbean

Context Context

The High–level Dialogue on International Migration and Development in 2006 established that international migration could be a triple win

The informal thematic debate on international migration and development in May 2011 confirmed that strengthening capacities and improving the evidence base were central to reaping the full benefits of international migration

High-level Dialogue on International Migration and Development in 2013

OutlineOutline

1. Levels and trends in international migrant stocks

2. Levels and trends in international migration flows

3. The characteristics of migrants: age and sex

4. The demographic impact of international migration

5. Policies on immigration and emigration

Stocks and flows of international Stocks and flows of international migration migration

Migrant stocks • Refers to the number of “foreign born” or

“foreigners” living in a specific country at a specific date.

Migration flows• Refers to the event of moving, from one country

(origin) to another (destination) in a given period of time (ex. 5 years).

1. Levels and trends in 1. Levels and trends in international migrant stocksinternational migrant stocks

55%

33%

9%3%

Other major areas Europe Africa Latin America andthe Caribbean

(LAC)

Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011

Migrant stock by major area of destination, 2010 (percentage)

Where do the 214 million internationalWhere do the 214 million internationalmigrants worldwide live?migrants worldwide live?

… 19.3 million

… 7.5 million

… 69.8 million

41%

28%

15% 16%


(LAC)


Migrant stock by major area of origin, 2010 (percentage)

Where do international migrants come from?Where do international migrants come from?

…31.4 million …33 million

… 60.7 million

55%

33%

9%3%

41%

28%

15% 16%


(LAC)


Migrant stock by major area of origin and destination, 2010 (percentage)

Africa and LAC generate Africa and LAC generate more migrants than they receivemore migrants than they receive

By major area of origin

By major area of destination

12.2 million25.5 million

14%

55%

57%

63%

86%

45%

43%

37%

From LAC

From Africa

From othermajor areas

From Europe


To the same major area, but in a different country

To a country in a different major area


In Africa and Europe most international migration is In Africa and Europe most international migration is intra-regional, while in LAC it is mainly extra-regionalintra-regional, while in LAC it is mainly extra-regional

14%

55%

57%

63%

12%

24%

22%

73%

21%

19%

32%

0%

1%

3%

0%

1%

2%

From LAC

From Africa

From othermajor areas

From Europe


To the same major area, but in a different country

To a country in a different major area


In Africa and Europe most international migration is In Africa and Europe most international migration is intra-regional, while in LAC it is mainly extra-regionalintra-regional, while in LAC it is mainly extra-regional

AfricaEurope

Other major areasLAC

97 thousand to Africa

32 thousand to LAC

While international migrant stocks increased While international migrant stocks increased between 1990 and 2010 …between 1990 and 2010 …

117.4

83.0

69.8

49.4

7.57.1

19.316.0

Millions


20 per cent increase

40 per cent increase

20101990

Africa LAC Europe Other major areas

… … refugees did not contribute to the growth in refugees did not contribute to the growth in migrant stock in Africa and LACmigrant stock in Africa and LAC

5.4 10.6 11.72.6 1.2 0.5 1.3 1.6

117.4

83.0

69.8

49.4

7.57.1

19.316.0

Millions


Africa LAC Europe Other major areas

Refugees

20101990

2. Levels and trends in 2. Levels and trends in international migration flowsinternational migration flows


Foreigners immigrating to Europe by major area of origin, 2000 to 2008 (millions)

Immigration to Europe Immigration to Europe has increased since 2000has increased since 2000

AfricaLAC

Europe

Other major areas

0

1

2

3

4

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Millions


Foreigners immigrating to Europe by major area of origin, 2000 and 2008 (percentage)

Only one-fifth of immigrants to Europe Only one-fifth of immigrants to Europe come from Africa and LACcome from Africa and LAC

2008(3.3 million migrants)

2000 (2.1 million migrants)

Africa12%Other

major areas25%

LAC11%

Europe52%

LAC11%

Other major areas34%

Africa11%

Europe44%


Top five countries of origin of immigrants Top five countries of origin of immigrants from Africa and LAC to Europefrom Africa and LAC to Europe

4%

4%

6%

12%

35%

4%

5%

5%

11%

41%

Nigeria

Senegal

Tunisia

Algeria

Morocco

PercentageLACAfrica

2000-2004 2005-2008

6%

23%

12%

6%

8%

9%

9%

11%

13%

19%

Peru

Ecuador

Colombia

Bolivia

Brazil

3. The characteristics of 3. The characteristics of international migrants: international migrants:

age and sexage and sex

Is international migration becoming Is international migration becoming more feminized?more feminized?

49.1

46.2

52.7

49.7

46.8

52.3

50.1

49.0

World Africa Europe LAC

1990 2010

Percentage



Foreigners immigrating to Europe by age and major area of origin, 2008 (percentage)

Half of all immigrants are aged between 20 to 34Half of all immigrants are aged between 20 to 34

0%

10%

20%

30%

0-4

5-9

10-1

4

15-1

9

20-2

4

25-2

9

30-3

4

35-3

9

40-4

4

45-4

9

50-5

4

55-5

9

60-6

4

Percentage

LACTotal

Africa

International migrants in Africa International migrants in Africa are relatively young …are relatively young …

Percentage of migrant stock under age 20, 2010


40 per cent or more20 to 40 per centLess than 20 per cent

… … while they are older while they are older in Latin America and Europein Latin America and Europe

Percentage of migrant stock age 65 or over, 2010


20 per cent or more10 to 20 per centLess than 10 per cent

… … while older international migrants are predominantly while older international migrants are predominantly female in Europe and Latin Americafemale in Europe and Latin America

In Africa, international migrants of working age In Africa, international migrants of working age are predominantly male …are predominantly male …

35

40

45

50

55

60

0-4

5-9

10-1

4

15-

19

20-2

4

25-2

9

30-3

4

35-3

9

40-4

4

45-4

9

50-5

4

55-5

9

60-6

465

+

Europe

LAC

Percentage

Female migrants as a percentage of total international migrant stock by age, 2010

More males than females


Equal percentage of males and females

Africa

3. The demographic impact of 3. The demographic impact of international migrationinternational migration

In Africa, the impact of international migration In Africa, the impact of international migration on the size of the working age population is smallon the size of the working age population is small

200

700

1200

2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

17 million

Without migrationWith migration

Millions Projected population aged 20-64 (medium variant)


Africa

300

400

500

2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

Without international migration, Without international migration, the working age population in Europe the working age population in Europe

would decline by 9 per cent by 2050would decline by 9 per cent by 2050

32 millionWithout migration

With migration

Millions Projected population aged 20-64 (medium variant)


Without international migration, the working age population Without international migration, the working age population in 2050in 2050 would decline by 10 per cent or more would decline by 10 per cent or more

in in 16 countries in Europe16 countries in Europe

-33%

-20%

-18%

-18%

-16%

-15%

-15%

-15%

-15%

-14%

-14%

-14%

-12%

-12%

-11%

-11%

Luxembourg

Spain

Greece

Austria

United Kingdom

Malta

Italy

Norway

Slovenia

Sweden

Czech Republic

Channel Islands

Belgium

Ireland

Switzerland

Hungary

Countries in Europe most affected by population decline among those aged 20-64 in the absence of international migration by 2050 (percentage)


5. Policies on immigration 5. Policies on immigration

and emigrationand emigration

38%

30% 30%

65%

25% 23%

12%9%

Other majorareas

Africa LAC Europe


Fewer countries are seeking to Fewer countries are seeking to curb international migration than in the pastcurb international migration than in the past

Percentage of countries

20091996

Governments with policies to lower immigration, 1996 and 2009 (percentage)

17%

30%28%

22%

25% 24%

20% 20%

Africa LAC Europe Other majorareas


Policies to reduce emigration Policies to reduce emigration have become less prevalent, except in Africahave become less prevalent, except in Africa


20091996

Governments with policies to lower emigration, 1996 and 2009 (percentage)

90%

57%52%

41%

Europe Other majorareas

LAC Africa


Promoting integration is a priority Promoting integration is a priority among European Governmentsamong European Governments


Governments with policies to integrate non-citizens, 2009 (percentage)

ConclusionsConclusions1. Migration is predominantly intra-regional in Africa and Europe

and extra-regional in LAC

2. International migration for economic and social reasons increased between 1990 and 2010, while forced migration declined

3. Europe receives fewer migrants from Africa and LAC than from other major areas

4. While half of all international migrants are women, the proportion of women migrants to all migrants has declined, except in Africa and LAC

5. Migrants are older in Europe and LAC and younger in Africa

6. International migration has a significant impact on the size of the working-age population in Europe

7. Policies on immigration and emigration have become less restrictive since the 1990s

Documents

Interregional workshop on strengthening capacities to deal with international migration 22 - 23 September 2011, Geneva, Palais des Nations Migration Section,