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Introduction

Introduction

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Introduction. Agenda. Introduction to Computer Graphics History CG in films Applications Contents of the course. What are Computer Graphics?. Edition of models and figures Create, store, modify and render The final output on the screen are pixels. Elements of Computer Graphics. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Introduction

Introduction

Page 2: Introduction

Agenda

• Introduction to Computer Graphics

• History

• CG in films

• Applications

• Contents of the course

Page 3: Introduction

What are Computer Graphics?

• Edition of models and figures– Create, store, modify and render

• The final output on the screen are pixels

Page 4: Introduction

Elements of Computer Graphics

• Hardware– CPU, video card, display, ...

• Software– modeler, capturer, renderer, …

• People– programmer, designer, animator, …

• Products– applications, films, images, models, ...

Page 5: Introduction

Short history of Computer Graphics

• 1940: first project of a Computer Graphics system

• 1951: Whirlwind: representation of data of a radar

• 1961: Spacewar, first video game

Page 6: Introduction

Sketchpad

• Ivan Sutherland (doctoral thesis in MIT, 1963)• First interactive graphic system

– Display of primitives– Hierarchic models– Constraints based– Optic pen– Function keys– Popup menus

Page 7: Introduction

Evolution of hardware

• Vectorial displays – based on oscilloscopes

• 1975: Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)– Time independent of number of elements– introduction of frame buffer

• 1980: low cost hardware -> spreading of graphic applications

Page 8: Introduction

Rendering• 1971 – Gouraud surface rendering

• 1974 - Z-Buffer algorithm, Catmull

• 1975 – Phong surface rendering

• 1975 – Fractal geometry of Mandelbrot

Page 9: Introduction

Rendering

• 1976 - Textures, James Blinn, Catmull

• 1978 – Curve surfaces, James Blinn

• 1980 - Ray tracing, Turner Whitted

• 1984 - Radiosity, Cornell University

Page 10: Introduction

Rendering

• 1985 – Solid textures, Perlin

• 1988 - Renderman, Pixar

• 1995 – first feature film: Toy Story

Page 11: Introduction

Computer Graphcis in films

1973

• 1982

Star Trek II - 1983

1982

Page 12: Introduction

Star Wars

1977

Page 13: Introduction

Tron

1980

Page 14: Introduction

Feature films made with computer graphics

• Toy Story• Bugs (Bichos)• Hormigaz (Antz)• Monsters Inc.• Shrek• Toy Story 2• Dinosaurs• Ice Age, Barbie, …• Finding Nemo

Page 15: Introduction

Pixar

Page 16: Introduction

DreamWorks

Page 17: Introduction

Others

Page 18: Introduction

Simulation of “reality”• Stars Wars, Episode 1

• Jurassic Park

• Final Fantasy

Page 19: Introduction

Capture of real movement

Page 20: Introduction

Special effects

The Adventures of Rocky & Bullwinkle, The Beach, Cast Away, Chicken Run, Dinosaur, Gladiator, Hollow Man, How the Grinch Stole Christmas, Mission to Mars, The Perfect Storm, Pitch Black, Nutty Professor II: The Klumps, Space Cowboys, Bicentennial Man, Fight Club, Inspector Gadget, Iron Giant, The Matrix, Sleepy Hollow, Star Wars: The Phantom Menace, Stuart Little, Toy Story 2, The World is Not Enough, Babe: Pig in the City, A Bug’s Life, Patch Adams, What Dreams May Come, Contact, Jurassic Park: The Lost World, Men in Black, Starship Troopers, Apollo 13, Balto, Batman Forever, Casper, Indian in the Cupboard, Jumanji, Outbreak, Pocahontas, Species, Toy Story, Clear & Present Danger, Forrest Gump, Interview with a Vampire, The Jungle Book, The Lion King, The Mask, Miracle on 34th Street, Speed, True Lies, Cliffhanger, Demolition Man, Free Willy, Jurassic Park, Aladdin, Batman, Returns, Death Becomes Her, Beauty and the Beast, Star Trek VI, Terminator II , Jetsons, The Abyss, StarQuest, Young Sherlock Holmes, Artificia Intelligence, Evolution, Minority Report, Mission: Impossible 2,Forces, ...

Page 21: Introduction

Games

• 1972 Pong

• 1978 Space Invaders

• 1980 Pacman

• 1985 Commodore Amiga

• 1988 Tetris

• 1989 Game boy

http://jamillan.com/primavera/crono.htm

Page 22: Introduction

Applications in different areas

• User interface

• CAD

• Medicine

• Scientific Visualization

• Simulation

• Leisure time– films, video games, ...

Page 23: Introduction

Contents of the course

Page 24: Introduction

Graphic libraries

• They are libraries with functions to render graphics

• Examples– OpenGL– Java3D– Phigs– DirectX

• Lenguages– WRML.

Page 25: Introduction

Transformations

• Coordinate systems

• 2D Transformations

• 3D Transformations

• Transformation composition

• Rotating about a pivot

• Rotating about an axis.

Page 26: Introduction

Model of 3D objects

• Objects building

• Rendering of objects

• Polygonal representation– structure, creation, mesh, attributes, ...

• Others methods (splines, CGS, volumetric).

Page 27: Introduction

Camera

• Coordinate systems and transformations

• Viewing coordinates

• Coordinate transformation matrix

• Projections

• Window and viewport.

Page 28: Introduction

Lighting

• Factors of light

• Reflection

• Ambient light

• Diffuse reflection

• Specular reflection

• Illumination models.

Page 29: Introduction

Color

• Light and color

• The visible light spectrum

• Primary and secondary colors

• Color spaces– RGB, CMY, YIQ, HLS, CIE– CIE XYZ, CIE xyY and CIE diagram

properties.

Page 30: Introduction

Surface rendering methods

• Different surface rendering methods

• Wireframe

• Plane color

• Gouraud

• Phong

• Gouraud-Phong comparison.

Page 31: Introduction

Rendering algorithms

• Objective

• Rendering of lines– DDA algorithm– Bresenham algorithm

• Polygons rendering

• Polygons filling

• Visible surface detection.

Page 32: Introduction

Textures

• Concept of texture

• Use– Texture mapping– Environment mapping– Bump mapping.

Page 33: Introduction

Illumination models.

• Local illumination model andglobal illumination model

• The rendering equation of Kajiya

• Algorithms– Ray tracing– Radiosity– Radiance application.

Page 34: Introduction

Interaction

• The human senses

• Interaction systems

• Virtual reality

• Augmented reality.

Page 35: Introduction

Animation

• Capture and images sequences

• “Sprites” animation

• Key Frame animation

• 3D animation

• Examples:– Flash, Quicktime VR, VRML.

Page 36: Introduction

Sound

• Sound digitalization

• Sound process

• Compression

• Formats

• MIDI.

Page 37: Introduction

Multimedia graphics and Video

• Types of graphics, multimedia graphics, bitmaps, resolution, compression

• Video systems

• Digitalization of video, video standards, compression of video

• Streamed video

• Edition of digital video and process

Page 38: Introduction

Graphic Hardware

• Description of the elements

• Graphic cards

• Benchmarking

• Projection technologies.


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