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Introduction
Employee
P2 Awareness
Training*
*Note: These Slides are in black and white as to allow
individual facility artistry
The best way to reduce
pollution is to prevent it in
the first place.
Why We Are Here?
• To make employees aware of the value of Pollution Prevention (P2) in order to involve employees in P2 planning and implementation to the maximum extent feasible
• (Employees include all management, maintenance, engineering, quality control, warehousing, accounting, and operations staff and may include others.)
• To provide employees information about P2 so they can go forth and look for P2 opportunities in their work areas individually and as P2 team members
• To learn how to provide P2 ideas to management
• To understand that management supports and encourages employee P2 ideas and that management wants employees to help improve the workplace and the environment and the help implement the facility's P2 plan.
Expectations This training on pollution prevention
will enable employees to:
• Define the concept of pollution prevention
• Recognize the environmental management hierarchy and priority
• Understand Source Reduction
• Show understanding of pollution prevention concepts and methods
• Describe the pollution prevention benefits
• Understand where P2 opportunities may be found and some of the online for pollution prevention resources
• Understand facility management's pollution prevention policy & management’s unwavering support to urge P2 ideas from employees
• Recognize employees' pollution prevention responsibilities
• Understand management's desire that employees participate in pollution prevention idea generation and implementation support
• Acknowledge the employees pollution prevention effort recognition program
• Understand that pollution prevention ideas may be found in many areas including in revising/improving Operating Practices/Procedures, Inventory Control, Spill and Leak Prevention, Process Modifications to save energy & waste, Cleaning and Degreasing methods, equipment and products, Surface Preparation and Finishing equipment, methods and products, Product Modifications to minimize or eliminate waste and conserve materials, Energy Efficiency (electricity, naturals gas), and Lighting.
• Recognize and Understand the company's current pollution prevention efforts and initiatives
• Be aware of the company's past pollution prevention successes
• Inform employees of specific environmental issues creating pollution at the workplace.
Pollution Prevention:
A Sensible Approach
for Business
Part 1
Fact: We Live in a Chemical
Environment.
We inhale, ingest or absorb
many of these chemicals.
We create lots of Waste!
What is Pollution?
• Pollution is waste. A waste of material which you
or your company paid for.
• Basically, pollution is when we have stuff where
we don’t want it or we don’t use it efficiently.
• Some types of pollution in our environment are:
– Air Pollution
– Water Pollution
– Land Pollution
– Noise Pollution
– Light Pollution
– Radioactive Pollution
Why Pollution?
We have pollution because:
- We fail to choose alternatives.
- We have not researched for alternatives, or
communicated about potential alternatives with
others.
- Alternatives are not yet technically feasible.
- We are not willing to spend the money on the
alternative.
Pollution – Where?
Pollution may arise from many, many sources:
– Electricity generation
– Constructing Buildings and Roads
– Packaging on Products
– Animal Feed Lots
– Manufacturing Processes
– Evaporating Chemicals
– Spilling, Pouring or Leaking Chemicals
– Untreated waste
– Paint Spraying and Paint Solvents
– Cleaning products evaporating, spilling, or being inhaled.
– Automobile exhaust
– Garbage
Pollution Examples
United States is #1 with 20 tons of Carbon Dioxide produced per capita from energy use.
• Arizona is #24
United States is #1 with 760 kg per person per year of municipal waste generation.
United States is #4 with 460 kg per person per year of waste generation.
United States is #1 with 18,690,000 bbl/day oil use.
Ref: http://www.nationmaster.com/cat/env-environment
Greenhouse Gasses
29%
27%
18%
17%
8%
1%
U.S Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Economic Sector with Electricity-
Related Emissions Distributed (2009, CO2 Eq.)
Industry Transportation
Commercial Residential
Agriculture U.S. Territories
1 Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2008
Pollution Examples
Total Municipal Solid Waste Generation (by material), 2008
250 Million Tons (before recycling)
Ref: http://www.epa.gov/osw/nonhaz/municipal/pubs/msw2008rpt.pdf
Waste Diversion
0 20 40 60 80 100
Auto Batteries
Office Paper
Steel Cans
Yard Trimmings
Aluminum cans
Tires
Glass containers
HDPE natural white translucent bottles
PET Bottles & Jars
95.7
74.2
66
59.9
50.7
35.3
31.1
28.9
28
Percentage of Materials Recycled1
1 US Environmental Protection Agency “Municipal Solid Waste.”
So…Being Efficient by Minimizing
Pollution In Our Environment Can
Be Good.
Do you want to help?
GET INVOLVED!
Involvement - How? Prevention!
“An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure.” Benjamin Franklin’s maxim is as true for the health of a business as it is for the health
of an individual.
Nobody disagrees with that. But how, exactly, do we go about doing it without hindering our jobs and our enjoyment of living?
The Philosophy of Prevention
• “Prevention" isn't a curriculum and doesn't necessarily imply a particular set of rules.
• P2 is a way of thinking. It's an interdisciplinary multi-media thinking process aimed at empowering employees in engineering, quality control, operations, maintenance, management, accounting, warehousing, transportation, etc. with the information, skills, and resources each needs to help build a wonderful world.
• Prevention provides people with tools (information, skills training, or linkage with resources) that enable them to reduce chemical-related risks in their lives.
Maybe it’s not as hard as it looks…Because we
have the “Philosophy of Prevention”
How Do We Do It?
We do it carefully, thoughtfully and by
working together.
Pollution prevention succeeds when employees take an active role and participate in pollution
prevention.
So lets talk P2!
AZ State Prevention Policy?
We started years ago with these simple enough goals.
State of Arizona Pollution Prevention Policy 1
"In the interest of protecting the public health and safety
and the environment, the legislature declares that it is the
policy of this state to:
1. Encourage pollution prevention whenever technically and
economically practicable, without shifting risks from one
part of a process, environmental medium or product to
another.
2. Reduce the amount of hazardous substances used and
reduce the amount of hazardous waste generated in this
state.”
1 1990 House Bill 2121 by the Arizona legislature
Summary of Pollution Prevention (P2) What? In its simplest form P2 is the philosophy:
• Make products using less water, electricity and materials
• Don’t make waste
• Reduce the amount of waste you make
• Use less toxic chemicals
• Use smaller amounts of toxic or hazardous chemicals
How?
• Re-use materials
• Optimize the use of chemicals we must use (be very efficient)
• Use the least toxic or non-toxic chemical that works
• Selecting resources and technologies to reduce the impact on people and the environment.
• Be on the lookout for new resources and new technologies
• Use best management practices
• P2 in simple process improvements to large investments in new technology and product redesign
You have a role to get involved here!
P2 Expected Results
• Efficient Use of Materials
• Reduction of Environmental Burden
• Reduction of Facility Costs
• A Healthier and Safer Work Place
P2 Example…Climate Change is an
Energy Problem
Almost 90% of the world's energy is supplied through the
combustion of fossil fuels, and every time we burn these
fuels to make energy we release carbon dioxide into the
atmosphere; carbon dioxide, in turn, is the principal
component of the "greenhouse gases" (GHGs) that
scientists believe are responsible for warming the planet.
Energy used in transportation, manufacturing, lighting,
building heating/cooling, pumping water, etc. influences
atmospheric chemistry. Atmospheric chemistry change is
directly related to Climate Change.
And… Energy Efficiency is P2
Energy use and pollution prevention are related.
Homeowners and Businesses that become more energy-
efficient are also preventing pollution.
The less energy wasted at home or at the plant site, the less
electricity has to be produced in power plants that emit
pollutants. Therefore we should look for energy reduction
opportunities as P2 opportunities
Example: Coors brewing switched to UV-cured coatings
for their cans. This eliminated use of VOC-emitting solvents and
drastically reduced generation of hazardous waste. But, the change also
had a profound impact on energy use, since Coors no longer needed
large ovens to cure their cans. http://www.pprc.org/pubs/factsheets/e2p2.pdf
Our Linear Past -
P2 Not Implemented
Raw Materials Manufacture Products Transportation Waste
Waste Waste Waste Waste
Begin End
Unlimited
Resource
Wouldn't it make more sense to bend this
line so it connects back at the beginning?
That is the way of nature where everything
that is made is used over and over.
The End Game: Using P2 Helps Bend
the Line Around to Complete the Loop
INNOVATION
(Technology
& Chemistry
Changes) Material
Substitution
(Less Toxic)
Change
Operating
Practices
Change the Process
(Efficient & Best
Practices)
Product
Modifications
(Design for
Environment-
DFE)
Reuse
Recovery
Recycling
Zero Waste
1st Priority: P2
P2 includes any activity that: • Avoids, Eliminates, or Reduces
the generation of hazardous waste;
• Avoids, Eliminates, or Reduces the use of toxic substances, or the release of a pollutant or contaminant at the source
• Includes in Arizona reuse, recycling, reclamation, conservation, substitution, toxicity reduction
Pollution Prevention Analysis Areas
Product Modifications
Process Modifications
Operating Practices
Technology Changes
Input Material Changes
Energy / Water Efficiency
Pollution Prevention
Areas and Related
Sample P2
Techniques Product Modifications Process Modifications
>Design for Less
Environmental Impact
>Increase Product Life
>Change Packaging
>Input Material Changes
>Technology Changes
>Improved Operating
Practices
Input Material Changes Technology Changes Operating Practices
.Reduce inefficient energy use
Reduce inefficient waster use
>Layout changes
>Increased automation
>Improved operating
practices
>Improved equipment
>New technology
>Spill and Leak Prevention
>Inventory Control
>Material control improvements
>Surface Preparation /Cleaning
Management practices
>Production scheduling
>Maintenance
>Training
>Good Operating Practices
Energy / Water Efficiency
>Raw Material
Modifications
>Material Purification
>Substitute less toxic
materials
Lets look in more detail within these
broad P2 techniques. We can break
them down into even more sub-
techniques. Then we can look for more
precise P2 opportunities while getting
closer to developing an actual
reduction goal.
Applying Pollution Prevention
Process Modifications
• Improve storage or stacking procedures
• Improve procedures for loading, unloading,
and transfer operations;
• Install overflow alarms or automatic shutoff
valves;
• Install vapor recovery systems;
• Implement an inspection or monitoring
program of potential spill or leak sources;
Spill & Leak Prevention
• Substitute coating materials used; • Improve application techniques; • Change from spray to other system; • Modify spray systems or equipment; • Other surface preparation and finishing modifications.
Surface Preparation &
Cleaning
• Change chemicals
• Institute recirculation within a process
• Modify equipment, layout, or piping.
• Use of a different process catalyst
• Institute better controls on bulk containers to
minimize discarding empty containers.
• Change from small containers to bulk
containers to minimize discarding of containers.
• Other process modifications
Material Control
• Reduce material loss through improved
process operation, increased
maintenance and employee training to
identify sources of loss
• Handle and manage wastes to allow
recycling or reuse
Sub-techniques
Cleaning & Degreasing
-Modify stripping/cleaning equipment
-Change to mechanical
stripping/cleaning devices (from
solvents to other materials)
-Change to aqueous cleaners (from
solvents or other materials)
-Modify containment procedures for
cleaning units
-Improve draining procedures
-Redesign part racks to reduce drag
out
-Modify or installed rinse systems
-Improve rinse equipment design
-Improve rinse equipment operation
-Other cleaning and degreasing
modifications
-Reformulation
Product Modifications
-Change product specifications
-Modify design or composition of product
-Modify packaging
-Other product modifications
Raw Material Modification
-Increase purity of raw materials
-Substitute raw materials
-Other raw material modifications
Energy Efficiency
-Use more efficient motors, lighting,
refrigeration
-Adjusting burners for optimal air/fuel
ratio
-Improve thermodynamic efficiency of the
process
-Insulate heating or cooling lines
• Purchase only the quantity of material needed for the
job or a set period of time
• Evaluate set expiration date on materials, especially for
stable compounds, to determine if they could be
extended.
• Search the inventory at other company sites for
available stock before ordering additional material
• Purchase material in the proper quantity and the proper
container size. If large quantities are needed, purchase in
bulk. If the material has a short shelf-life or small
quantities are needed, purchase in small containers
• If surplus inventories exist, use excess material before
new material are ordered
• Contact supplier to determine if surplus materials can
be returned. If not, identify other potential users or
markets
• Evaluate whether alternative, non-hazardous
substitutes prior to purchase and checked for acceptance
at the facility.
Inventory Control
• Institute procedures to ensure that
materials do not stay in inventory beyond
shelf life
• Test outdated material, continue to use it if
still effective
• Eliminate shelf-life requirements for stable
materials
• Institute better labeling procedures
• Institute a clearinghouse to exchange
materials that would otherwise be discarded
Operating Practices: Maintenance Programs
Preventative Maintenance
Operational and Maintenance Procedures
• Perform maintenance cost tracking
• Perform scheduled preventive maintenance and monitoring
• Monitor closely “Problem” equipment or processes that are known to generate
hazardous waste (e.g., past spills).
• Reduce raw material and product loss due to leaks, spills, and off-specification
products
• Develop employee training procedures on waste reduction
• Evaluate the need for operational steps and eliminate practices that are unnecessary
• Collect spilled or leaked material for re-use whenever possible
• Consolidate like chemicals and segregate wastes to reduce the number of different
waste streams and increase recoverability
Water Efficiency
• Reduce water losses
– Repair leaks, eliminate water not being used
– Use flow timer/switched to turn water off when not used
– Conduct leak inspections and training
– Use dry cleanup practices (a broom rather than hosing down)
• Reduce water use – Use minimum amounts for tasks
– Recirculate water in a process
– Optimize blowdown and bleed off in cooling towers and boilers
– Use timers and pressure reducing valves
– Eliminate once through equipment cooling
– Extend life of aqueous baths with filtration, conductivity meters and proper maintenance
– Use closed loop systems where possible
– Use landscape appropriate to the locale (eliminate grass in desert settings)
• Reclaiming or Recycling water – Use water sequentially
– Use treatment to only meet the water quality needed
– Capture water for reuse
P2 Team Another important aspect for successfully implementing P2 is for
management to create a cross functional P2 team.
• A P2 team consists of a diverse team of knowledgeable
personnel such as engineering, budget, maintenance,
regulatory compliance, facility management, and waste
management to develop P2 opportunities and a P2 plan.
• For a small facility, as few as 2 or 3 people may comprise this
team.
• In some cases, it is helpful to include vendors, customers, or
other stakeholders on the team, especially if their
requirements would impose limitations on the alternatives
considered.
• The team also must implement alternatives identified in a P2
action plan once it has been developed.
P2 Team
Once the team has been established, they will be a valuable resource within the company.
When plans are being made to expand the facility or to design or redesign products, the team can review the plans to determine whether chemical use and waste generation has been evaluated
thoroughly.
P2 Team Tools • Methods
– P2 Plan
– Environmental Management System (EMS)
– Kaizen
– Six Sigma
– Can Ban
– Lean Manufacturing
– Baldrige Performance Excellence Program
– Green Zia
• Describing the Facility Processes for Discussion
– Process Mapping
• Information and analysis
– Cause and Effect Diagrams
– Environmental Cost Accounting
– Bar charts
• Opportunity Root Cause Analysis
– Cause and effect Diagram
– Pareto (80/20 Rule)
– 5 Whys
Developing alternatives
Brain Writing (generate alternatives)
• Checklists
• Bar Charts
• Environmental Management System
P2 and Sustainability
How does sustainability relate to P2?
• P2 is a cornerstone of the sustainability movement, which strives to ensure that our children and grandchildren inherit a world that is as good as today, or preferably better.
• The journey to a sustainable future will be fueled by pollution prevention (P2) through: – Maximization of resource efficiency
– Implementation of existing and developing technical innovations
– Minimization of toxics use
– Application of solutions at the source of the problem
– Education about individual contributions to global issues.
Sustainability Summary
Reducing the environmental burden requires
an environmental strategy. And the
environmental strategy must include
pollution prevention goals.
Stage 1: Pollution Prevention
Stage 2: Product Stewardship (Product Design)
Stage 3: Clean Technology (Innovation)
P2 Awareness Summary Simply stated:
• The best way to reduce pollution is to prevent it in the first place.
• Pollution prevention (P2), the reduction or elimination of waste at the source, is a natural underpinning for the green economy.
• Faced with the increasing costs and liabilities associated with current environmental control practices and energy costs, many companies are turning to P2 as a cleaner, safer and more cost-effective alternative.
• P2 has long provided successful, cost-effective solutions that respond to the challenges of protecting human health and the environment.
P2 opportunities may be found in many places including:
– Improving Operating Practices/Procedures
– Inventory Control, Spill and Leak Prevention
– Process Modifications to save energy, water & waste
– Product Modifications to minimize or eliminate waste and conserve materials
– Energy Efficiency (electricity, natural gas)
– Lighting
Think Outside the Box!
P2 Awareness Summary
Resources: Where to Learn Some More
About P2 Opportunities
EPA Pollution Prevention Website http://www.epa.gov/p2/index.htm
EPA Industry Sector Notebooks
http://www.epa.gov/compliance/resources/publications/assistance/sectors/
notebooks/index.html
EPA Clearinghouse
http://www.epa.gov/ppic/pubs/ppicdist.html
EPA Pollution Prevention Resources
http://www.epa.gov/lean/environment/toolkits/environment/app-d.htm
Pollution Prevention Resource Exchange http://www.p2rx.org/
U.S. Department of Energy (DoE) Industrial Technologies Program Best Practices
https://www1.eere.energy.gov/industry/bestpractices/
P2 Info House http://www.p2pays.org/infohouse/
Zero Waste Network http://www.zerowastenetwork.org/P2Options/index.cfm
Discussion of Your Facility P2 Policy,
Your Management Initiatives and Directives,
Your Facility P2 plan,
Your P2 team,
and Examples of
Your Facility P2 Process Studies.
Final Quiz
Part II - Facility Information (To Be Created by Your Facility Trainer)
END