Badil das Lecturer Institute of Nursing Dow University of Health
Sciences 2nd October, 2012 *
Objectives: By the end of this lecture, the students will be
able to:Define anatomy and physiology Describe the branches of
anatomy and physiology *
Anatomy Anatomy is derived from Greek words Ana = UpTomy =
process of cutting It was first studied by dissection Dis- apart
Section act of cutting the careful cutting apart of body structures
to study their relationships.*
Anatomy Anatomy is the study of internal and external structures
and physical relationship between body parts.It the study of
structures of the body.*
Branches of Anatomy There are two main types of the anatomy
1.Microscopic anatomy: It is study of internal and external
structures that can be seen with help of microscope. Microscopic
anatomy can be subdivided into two main types.Cytology: It is study
of structures of the cells. Histology: It is study of structures of
the tissues. Embryology: It deals the structure that emerges from
the time of fertilized egg through the 8th week in uterus*
Microscopic anatomy (Example)*
Macroscopic anatomy2.Macroscopic anatomy: It is study of
structure that can be seen with naked eyes. It is also known as
gross anatomy It is subdivided into:Regional anatomy: Structure of
specific regions.i.e. cephalic region, cervical region, pelvic
region etc. Systemic anatomy: It is study of structures of major
organ systems .i.e. respiratory system, digestive system
etc..Surface Anatomy: anatomical landmarks on the surface of the
body through visualization and palpation
*
Macroscopic Anatomy (Example) *
Physiology It is study of functions of the anatomical structures
of the bodyIt considers the physical and chemical process
responsible for the characteristics of life or vital functions.
*
Branches of Physiology
Human physiology: It is study of functions of the human
body.Special physiology: It is study of the physiology of specific
organs .i.e. heart, kidney, pancreas etc..System physiology: It
considers the all aspects of the functions of the specific organ
systems .i.e. functions of nervous system, lymphatic system
etc..Pathophysiology: It is derived from Greek word pathos means
diseases and logos means study It is study of alteration of normal
body functions due to disease.
*
Conti.Neurophysiology:It is study of functional properties of
nerve cell Endocrinology: It is study of functions of hormones and
how they control body functions*
References Tortora, J. G. (2006). Principles of Anatomy and
Physiology. (11th ed). USA. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. *
