48
Introductio n to Poetic Terminology

Introduction to Poetic Terminology

  • Upload
    haru

  • View
    46

  • Download
    3

Embed Size (px)

DESCRIPTION

Introduction to Poetic Terminology. Definition of Poetry. Poetry - A type of writing that uses language to express imaginative and emotional qualities instead of or in addition to meaning. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Citation preview

Page 1: Introduction  to  Poetic Terminology

Introduction to

Poetic Terminolog

y

Page 2: Introduction  to  Poetic Terminology

Definition of Poetry

• Poetry - A type of writing that uses language to express imaginative and emotional qualities instead of or in addition to meaning.

• Poetry may be written as individual poems or included in other written forms as in dramatic poetry, hymns, or song lyrics.

Page 3: Introduction  to  Poetic Terminology

Literary Devices Used in Poetry

Page 4: Introduction  to  Poetic Terminology

Figurative LanguageFigurative Language is the

use of words outside of their literal or usual

meaning to add beauty or force.

It is characterized by the use of similes and

metaphors.

Page 5: Introduction  to  Poetic Terminology

MetaphorMetaphor is a figure of speech

that makes a comparison between two unlike things, in

which one thing becomes another without the use of the

words like, as, than, or resembles.

Page 6: Introduction  to  Poetic Terminology

Example:Love is a rose.

Page 7: Introduction  to  Poetic Terminology

SimileSimile is a figure of speech that makes a comparison between two unlike things, using words

such as like, as, than, or resembles.

Example:My love is like a red, red rose.

- Robert Burns

Page 8: Introduction  to  Poetic Terminology

OnomatopoeiaOnomatopeia is the use of

a word or words whose sound imitates its

meaning.

Examples:crackle, pop, fizz, click,

chirp

Page 9: Introduction  to  Poetic Terminology

PersonificationPersonification is a special kind

of metaphor in which a nonhuman thing is talked about as if it was human (given human

characteristics).

Page 10: Introduction  to  Poetic Terminology

Example:

This poetry gets bored of being alone,

It wants to go outdoors to chew on the wings,

To fill its commas with the keels of rowboats….

-Hugo Margenat, from”Living Poetry”

Page 11: Introduction  to  Poetic Terminology

SymbolismSymbolism is when a person, place, thing or idea stands for itself and for something else.

Example: Use of the bald eagle to represent

the United States.

Page 12: Introduction  to  Poetic Terminology

Alliteration

Alliteration is the use of similar sounds at the beginning or end of a

word.

Page 13: Introduction  to  Poetic Terminology

Assonance -

Assonance is the use of similar vowel

sounds within a word.

Page 14: Introduction  to  Poetic Terminology

Poetic Structures

Page 15: Introduction  to  Poetic Terminology

Iambic Foot

An iambic foot is an unstressed syllable

followed by a stressed syllable .

Page 16: Introduction  to  Poetic Terminology

Example:

We could write the rhythm like this:

da DUM

Page 17: Introduction  to  Poetic Terminology

Meter

Meter is the pattern of rhythm established for a

verse.

Page 18: Introduction  to  Poetic Terminology

Rhythm

Rhythm is the actual sound that results from a

line of poetry.

Page 19: Introduction  to  Poetic Terminology

Iambic Pentameter

Iambic Pentameter is a line of poetry with five

iambic feet in a row This is the most common

meter in English poetry.

Page 20: Introduction  to  Poetic Terminology

Example:We could write the rhythm like this:

da-DUM da-DUM da-DUM da-DUM da-DUM

We can notate this with a ˘ mark representing an unstressed syllable and a '/' mark representing a stressed syllable

Page 21: Introduction  to  Poetic Terminology

Example Continued:The following line from John Keats' Ode to

Autumn is a straightforward example:

˘ / ˘ / ˘ / ˘ / ˘

To swell the gourd, and plump the ha - zel /shells

Page 22: Introduction  to  Poetic Terminology

RhymeRhyme is the placement

of identical or similar sounds at the ends of lines or at predictable locations within lines.

Page 23: Introduction  to  Poetic Terminology

LinesPoetry is separated into

lines on a page. Lines may be based on the number of

metrical feet, or may stress a rhyme pattern at

the ends of lines.

Page 24: Introduction  to  Poetic Terminology

StanzaStanzas are groups of lines in a poem

which are named by the number of lines included.

• Two lines is a couplet. • Three lines is a triplet or tercet.• Four lines is a quatrain. • Five lines is a quintain or cinquain. • Six lines is a sestet.• Eight lines is an octet.

Page 25: Introduction  to  Poetic Terminology

CoupletCouplet is two lines of a poem that

are related by either rhyme or structure.

Page 26: Introduction  to  Poetic Terminology

Rhyme Scheme

Rhyme Scheme is the use rhyme in a pattern as a structural element

in a poem.

Page 27: Introduction  to  Poetic Terminology

Rhyme schemes are described using letters that

correspond to sets of rhymes. Example: Humpty Dumpty sat on a

wall, AHumpty Dumpty had a great fall; AAll the king’s horses and all the king’s men,

BCouldn’t put Humpty together again. B-------------------------------------------------The rhyme scheme for this poem is:

A A B B

Page 28: Introduction  to  Poetic Terminology

Example Continued:

A told B, AB told C, A“I’ll meet you at the top Bof the coconut tree.” A

“Whee!” said D ATo E F G A“I’ll beat you to the top Bof the coconut tree.” A

Chicka chicka boom boom! C

Will there be enough room? C

Here comes H D

Up the coconut tree A

and I and J Eand tagalong K, EAll on their way Eup the coconut tree. A

-from Chicka, Chicka Boom Boom by Bill Martian Jr., and

John Archambault

---------------------------------------------

Rhyme scheme:

A A B AA A B AC C D AE E E A

Page 29: Introduction  to  Poetic Terminology

Poetic Forms

Page 30: Introduction  to  Poetic Terminology

Blank Verse

Blank Verse is poetry written in unrhymed iambic pentameter.

Page 31: Introduction  to  Poetic Terminology

Example:To be, or not to be: that is

the question: Whether 'tis nobler in the

mind to suffer The slings and arrows of

outrageous fortune, Or to take arms against a

sea of troubles, And by opposing end

them? To die: to sleep;

No more; and by a sleep to say we end

The heart-ache and the thousand natural shocks

That flesh is heir to, 'tis a consummation

Devoutly to be wish'd.

From HamletWilliam Shakespeare

Page 32: Introduction  to  Poetic Terminology

Free Verse

Free Verse is poetry that does not have a regular meter or rhyme scheme.

Page 33: Introduction  to  Poetic Terminology

Example:excerpt from Song of Myselfby Walt Whitman:

I celebrate myself, and sing myself,And what I assume you shall assume,For every atom belonging to me as good

belongs to you.I loaf and invite my soul,I lean and loaf at my ease observing a spear of summer grass.

Page 34: Introduction  to  Poetic Terminology

Sonnet

A sonnet is a fourteen line poem that is usually

written in iambic pentameter.

Page 35: Introduction  to  Poetic Terminology

Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? (Sonnet 18)

by William Shakespeare

Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate.Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And summer's lease hath all too short a date.Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,And often is his gold complexion dimmed;And every fair from fair sometime declines,By chance, or nature's changing course, untrimmed;But thy eternal summer shall not fade,Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st,Nor shall death brag thou wand'rest in his shade,When in eternal lines to Time thou grow'st.So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.

Page 36: Introduction  to  Poetic Terminology

HaikuHaiku is a popular form of traditional Japanese poetry consists of 17-syllables comprising three metrical lines of 5, 7, and 5 syllables.

Page 37: Introduction  to  Poetic Terminology

Example(5) Tree grow-ing old-er(7) An-cient el-der shad-ing me(5) Calm, cool, peace-ful day

- Mrs. Chi, 2/08

Page 38: Introduction  to  Poetic Terminology

Acrostic poetryAcrostic poems use letter patterns to create multiple messages

Example: When the first letters of lines

read downward form a separate phrase or word.

Page 39: Introduction  to  Poetic Terminology

ExampleEnergeticRowdyIrritatingClown

-Mrs. Chi, 2/08

Page 40: Introduction  to  Poetic Terminology

Concrete PoetryConcrete Poetry uses word

arrangement, typeface, color or other visual effects to

complement or dramatize the meaning of the words used.

Page 41: Introduction  to  Poetic Terminology

Example #1:

From Wright Flyer Online

Page 42: Introduction  to  Poetic Terminology

Example #2:

by Michael P. Garofalo

Page 43: Introduction  to  Poetic Terminology

Epic PoetryAn Epic Poem is a long story told in verse which tells the great deeds of a hero.

Example: The Odyssey

by Homer

Page 44: Introduction  to  Poetic Terminology

Narrative PoetryNarrative Poem is a

poem that tells a story.Example: T’was the Night Before Christmas

by Clement C. Moore

Page 45: Introduction  to  Poetic Terminology

Verse Fable

Verse Fable is a brief story told in verse that illustrates a moral and features human-like animals, plants, objects, or forces of nature.

Page 46: Introduction  to  Poetic Terminology

Example:A Boy Cries Wolf Once there was a foolish boy Whose job it was to guard some sheep         In case a hungry wolf might come         To pounce upon them in their sleep. The owners told him: If a wolf Should come, be sure to give a cry         So we can come and save the sheep         And give that wolf a swift goodbye.

The foolish boy grew bored one night, And cried out Wolf! Wolf! just for jokes,         And farmers came from far and wide,         But left disgusted by his hoax. But then at midnight that boy spied A savage wolf about to strike,          Wolf! Wolf! he screamed, but no one came         And sheep and shepherd died alike.

MORAL: Those who enjoy making fools of others often make fools of themselves.

from the book Aesop's Best: 80 Fables in Verse by William Cleary

Page 47: Introduction  to  Poetic Terminology

Lyric PoetryLyric Poetry portrays the poet's own feelings, states

of mind, ideas, and perceptions.

Page 48: Introduction  to  Poetic Terminology

Example:Where the Sidewalk Ends

There is a place where the sidewalk endsAnd before the street begins,

And there the grass grows soft and white,And there the sun burns crimson bright,And there the moon-bird rests from his flightTo cool in the peppermint wind.

Let us leave this place where the smoke blows blackAnd the dark street winds and bends.Past the pits where the asphalt flowers growWe shall walk with a walk that is measured and slow,And watch where the chalk-white arrows goTo the place where the sidewalk ends.

Yes we'll walk with a walk that is measured and slow,And we'll go where the chalk-white arrows go,For the children, they mark, and the children, they knowThe place where the sidewalk ends.

by Shel Silverstein