Introduction to the 176A Introduction to the 176A labs and ArcGISlabs and ArcGIS

Acknowledgement: Slides by David Maidment, U Texas-Austin and Francisco Olivera (TAMU)

Introduction to ArcGISIntroduction to ArcGIS

How data are stored in ArcGISHow data are stored in ArcGIS Components of ArcGIS – ArcMap, Components of ArcGIS – ArcMap,

ArcCatalog and ArcToolboxArcCatalog and ArcToolbox Extensions of ArcGIS – spatial Extensions of ArcGIS – spatial

analyst, geostatistical analyst and analyst, geostatistical analyst and 3D analyst3D analyst

ESRI GIS HistoryESRI GIS History

Arc/Info (coverage model)

Versions 1-7 from 1980 – 1999

Arc Macro Language (AML)

ArcView (shapefile model)

Versions 1-3 from 1994 – 1999

Avenue scripting language

ArcGIS (geodatabase model)

Version 8.0, …, 9.1 from 2000 – Visual Basic for Applications

160,000 licenses1,200,000 users as of 2004

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESRI

Geographic Data ModelsGeographic Data Models

All geographic information systems are built using formal models that describe how things are located in space. A formal model is an abstract and well-defined system of concepts. A geographic data model defines the vocabulary for describing and reasoning about the things that are located on the earth. Geographic data models serve as the foundation on which all geographic information systems are built.

Scott Morehouse, Preface to “Modeling our World”

Data ModelsData Models

A A geographicgeographic data data modelmodel is a structure is a structure for organizing for organizing geospatial data so geospatial data so that it can be easily that it can be easily stored and retrieved.stored and retrieved.

Geographic coordinates

Tabular attributes

File-based Data ModelsFile-based Data Models

CoveragesCoverages Developed for Developed for

workstation Arc/Info workstation Arc/Info ~ 1980~ 1980

Complex structure, Complex structure, proprietary formatproprietary format

Attributes in Attributes in InfoInfo tablestables

.e00 export format still .e00 export format still commoncommon

ShapefilesShapefiles Developed for Developed for

ArcView ~ 1993ArcView ~ 1993 Simpler structure Simpler structure

in public domainin public domain Attributes in Attributes in

dBasedBase (.dbf) tables (.dbf) tables

Geographic coordinates and attributesare stored in separate but linked files

ArcInfo

Storing Data

Coverages Shapefiles

California

Counties

Census

Info

California

Counties.shp

Counties.shx

Counties.dbf

Tracts.shp

Tracts.shx

Tracts.dbf

Storing DataStoring Data Coverages and ShapefilesCoverages and Shapefiles

Coverages are stored partially in their own Coverages are stored partially in their own folder and partially in the common INFO folder and partially in the common INFO folder. Shapefiles are stored in three to five folder. Shapefiles are stored in three to five files (with extensions .shp, .shx, .dbf, .sbx files (with extensions .shp, .shx, .dbf, .sbx and .sbn).and .sbn).

Coverages store common boundaries Coverages store common boundaries between polygons only once, to avoid between polygons only once, to avoid redundancy. Shapefiles store all the redundancy. Shapefiles store all the geometry of each polygon regardless of geometry of each polygon regardless of redundancy.redundancy.

Coverage features are single lines or single Coverage features are single lines or single polygons. Shapefiles allow features to have polygons. Shapefiles allow features to have multiple, disconnected, intersecting and multiple, disconnected, intersecting and overlapping components.overlapping components.

Geodatabases and Feature Geodatabases and Feature DatasetsDatasets

A geodatabase is a relational database that

stores geographic information.

A feature dataset is a collection of feature

classes that share the same spatial reference

frame.

Geodatabase modelGeodatabase model

Stores geographic coordinates as Stores geographic coordinates as one attribute (shape) in a relational one attribute (shape) in a relational database tabledatabase table

Uses Uses MS AccessMS Access for “Personal for “Personal Geodatabase” (single user)Geodatabase” (single user)

Uses Oracle, SQL/Server, dB2 or Uses Oracle, SQL/Server, dB2 or other other commercial relational commercial relational databasesdatabases for “Enterprise for “Enterprise Geodatabases” (many simultaneous Geodatabases” (many simultaneous users)users)

Shape

GIS in an Institutional Setting

ArcGIS GeodatabaseArcGIS Geodatabase

Geodatabase

Feature Dataset

Feature Class

Geometric Network

Object Class

Relationship

Workspace

Object ClassObject Class

An An object classobject class is a collection is a collection of of objectsobjects in in tabular formattabular format that have the same behavior that have the same behavior and the same attributes.and the same attributes.

An object class is a table that has a unique identifier (ObjectID)for each record

Feature ClassFeature Class

A A feature classfeature class is a collection of is a collection of geographic geographic objectsobjects in in tabular tabular formatformat that have that have the same the same behavior and the behavior and the same attributes.same attributes.

Feature Class = Object class + spatial coordinates

RelationshipRelationship

A A relationshiprelationship is an association or is an association or link between two objects in a link between two objects in a database.database.

A relationship can exist between A relationship can exist between spatial objects (features in feature spatial objects (features in feature classes), non-spatial objects (objects classes), non-spatial objects (objects in object classes), or between in object classes), or between spatial and non-spatial objects.spatial and non-spatial objects.

RelationshipRelationshipRelationship between non-spatial objects

Water QualityData

Water Quality Parameters

RelationshipRelationship

Relationship between spatial and non-spatial objects

Water quality data(non-spatial)

Measurement station(spatial)

NetworkNetwork A A networknetwork is a set of is a set of

edges (lines) and edges (lines) and junctions (points) that junctions (points) that are topologically are topologically connected to each connected to each other. other.

Each Each edgeedge knows knows which junctions are at which junctions are at its endpointsits endpoints

Each Each junctionjunction knows knows which edges it which edges it connects toconnects to

Introduction to ArcGISIntroduction to ArcGIS

How data are stored in ArcGISHow data are stored in ArcGIS Components of ArcGIS – ArcMap, Components of ArcGIS – ArcMap,

ArcCatalog and ArcToolboxArcCatalog and ArcToolbox Extensions of ArcGIS – spatial Extensions of ArcGIS – spatial

analyst, geostatistical analyst and analyst, geostatistical analyst and 3D analyst3D analyst

Arc MapArc Map

Create maps

Viewand edit data

Analyze data(Geoprocessing)

Arc CatalogArc Catalog

View data (like Windows Explorer)

Graphicalpreviews

Metadata

Tables

Arc ToolboxArc Toolbox

Map Projections

Tools for commonly used tasks

Arc GlobeArc Globe

Arc Globe: DEMOArc Globe: DEMO

An alternative An alternative display to ArcMapdisplay to ArcMap

Design to rapidly Design to rapidly display display image filesimage files and to zoom in and to zoom in rapidly from a rapidly from a global view to a global view to a local viewlocal view

Works on a Works on a spherical earthspherical earth (not (not spheroidal)spheroidal)

Our focus

ArcGIS ArcGIS on the webon the web

Levels of ArcGISLevels of ArcGIS

ArcViewArcView – View data and do edits on – View data and do edits on shape files and simple personal shape files and simple personal geodatabasesgeodatabases

ArcEditorArcEditor – do more complex edits – do more complex edits on enterprise geodatabaseson enterprise geodatabases

ArcInfoArcInfo – the full system, with access – the full system, with access to workstation ArcInfo (i.e. ArcInfo to workstation ArcInfo (i.e. ArcInfo version 7) as well version 7) as well

Licenses and KeycodesLicenses and Keycodes

License manager keeps track of number of simultaneoususers and limits them to allowable number. Licenses are checked out on a first-come-first-serve basis.

Introduction to ArcGISIntroduction to ArcGIS

How data are stored in ArcGISHow data are stored in ArcGIS Components of ArcGIS – ArcMap, Components of ArcGIS – ArcMap,

ArcCatalog, ArcToolboxArcCatalog, ArcToolbox Extensions of ArcGIS – spatial Extensions of ArcGIS – spatial

analyst, geostatistical analyst,3D analyst, geostatistical analyst,3D analyst, Tracking analystanalyst, Tracking analyst

ArcGIS ExtensionsArcGIS Extensions

Spatial AnalystSpatial Analyst

Analysis of Analysis of land surface land surface terrain as a terrain as a gridgrid

Key means of Key means of defining defining drainage drainage areas and areas and connectivity to connectivity to stream stream networknetwork

Grid DatasetsGrid Datasets Cellular-based data structure composed of Cellular-based data structure composed of square square

cells of equal sizecells of equal size arranged in rows and columns. arranged in rows and columns. The grid cell size and extension (number of rows The grid cell size and extension (number of rows

and columns), as well as the value at each cell and columns), as well as the value at each cell have to be stored as part of the grid definition.have to be stored as part of the grid definition.

Number of columns

Num

ber

of

row

s

Cell size

Grid DatasetsGrid Datasets

Grid datasetsGrid datasets

Geostatistical AnalystGeostatistical Analyst

Interpolation Interpolation of points to of points to a grid using a grid using statistical statistical correlationcorrelation

Produces a Produces a standard standard error of error of estimate of estimate of each map each map locationlocation

AlaskaSiberia

Biomass in the Arctic Ocean

Image DatasetsImage Datasets

Image datasetsImage datasetsDigital Orthophotos and satellite imagery

3-D Analyst3-D Analyst

Analysis of Analysis of land surface land surface terrain as terrain as triangulated triangulated irregular irregular network network (TIN)(TIN)

Visualization Visualization in 3-D using in 3-D using Arc SceneArc Scene

Stream channel of Pecan Bayou, TX

TIN DatasetsTIN Datasets

TIN datasetsTIN datasets

Points and breaklines from which a TIN is

constructed.

Triangle sides are constructed by connecting Triangle sides are constructed by connecting adjacent points so that the minimum angle of adjacent points so that the minimum angle of each triangle is maximized. Triangle sides cannot each triangle is maximized. Triangle sides cannot cross breaklines.cross breaklines.

The TIN format is efficient to store data because The TIN format is efficient to store data because the resolution adjusts to the parameter spatial the resolution adjusts to the parameter spatial variability.variability.

TIN DatasetsTIN Datasets

Tracking AnalystTracking Analyst

Produces animated maps and display files for space-time data

ESRI Software/ReferenceESRI Software/Reference http://http://www.esri.comwww.esri.com/library//library/ Reference material Reference material

and brochures about ESRI productsand brochures about ESRI products ArcGIS summary: ArcGIS summary:

http://www.esri.com/library/brochures/pdfs/arcgihttp://www.esri.com/library/brochures/pdfs/arcgis91.pdfs91.pdf

Spatial Analyst summary: Spatial Analyst summary: http://http://www.esri.com/library/brochures/pdfs/spatialanalwww.esri.com/library/brochures/pdfs/spatialanalystbro.pdfystbro.pdf

ESRI Virtual Campus – provides online training ESRI Virtual Campus – provides online training http://http://campus.esri.comcampus.esri.com//

Free ArcExplorer spatial browser Free ArcExplorer spatial browser http://http://www.esri.com/software/arcexplorerwww.esri.com/software/arcexplorer//