Introduction to tourism and hotel industry

As known to everyone tourism and hospitality has been present ever since the beginning of

the human race. But it is to be seen that how it is evolved since the time when hospitality

was just a meagre way to express an emotion towards family and friends when they visit

ones place and make them feel comfortable and at home all the time and at times even

going the extra mile to make them feel comfortable and happy. To a time when everything

changed and hospitality was no more just an expression but became something which was

much more professional, much more personalised, catering to every guests personal needs

and making them feel comfortable and this came to be known as the Hospitality Industry.

As time progressed, slowly but steadily the Hospitality Industry has been able to make its

presence felt in the Service Sector, and today the Hospitality Industry is one of the major

contributors in the Service Sector. So, basically we are going to talk about the history of the

commercial hospitality industry from the antiquity to the 19th century and how it evolved

around this time.

Tourism

Tourism is the act of travel for predominantly recreational or leisure purposes, and also

refers to the provision of services in support of this act. According to the World Tourism

Organization, tourists are people who "travel to and stay in places outside their usual

environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other

purposes not related to the exercise of an activity remunerated from within the place

visited".

Tourism, however long its incident duration, has become an extremely popular, global

activity. In 2004, there were over 763 million international tourist arrivals.[1]

As a service industry, tourism has numerous tangible and intangible elements. Major

tangible elements include transportation, accommodation, and other components of a

hospitality industry. Major intangible elements relate to the purpose or motivation for

becoming a tourist, such as rest, relaxation, the opportunity to meet new people and

experience other cultures, or simply to do something different and have an adventure.

Tourism is vital for many countries, due to the income generated by the consumption of

goods and services by tourists, the taxes levied on businesses in the tourism industry, and

the opportunity for employment and economic advancement by working in the industry.

For these reasons NGOs and government agencies may sometimes promote a specific

region as a tourist destination, and support the development of a tourism industry in that

area. The contemporary phenomenon of mass tourism may sometimes result in

overdevelopment, however alternative forms of tourism such as ecotourism seek to avoid

such outcomes by pursuing tourism in a sustainable way.

The terms tourism and travel are sometimes used interchangeably. In this context travel

has a similar definition to tourism, but implies a more purposeful journey. The terms

tourism and tourist are sometimes used pejoratively to imply a shallow interest in the

cultures or locations visited by tourists.

One of the earliest definitions of tourism was provided by the Austrian economist Hermann

Von Schullard in 1910, who defined it as, "sum total of operators, mainly of an economic

nature, which directly relate to the entry, stay and movement of foreigners inside and

outside a certain country, city or a region."

Hunziker and Krapf, in 1941, defined tourism as "the sum of the phenomena and

relationships arising from the travel and stay of non-residents, in so far as they do not lead

to permanent residence and are not connected with any earning activity."[2]

In 1976 Tourism Society of England defined it as "Tourism is the temporary, short-term

movement of people to destination outside the places where they normally live and work

and their activities during the stay at each destination. It includes movements for all

purposes."

In 1981 International Association of Scientific Experts in Tourism defined Tourism in terms

of particular activities selected by choice and undertaken outside the home environment.

Hotel industry

According to the British laws a hotel is a place where a “bonafied” traveler

canreceive food and shelter provided he is in a position to for it and is in a fit

condition toreceive.Hotels have a very long history, but not as we know today,

way back in the 6thcentury BC when the first inn in and around the city of

London began to develop. Thefirst catered to travelers and provided them with a mere

roof to stay under. This conditionof the inns prevailed for a long time, until the

industrial revolution in England, which brought about new ideas and progress in the

business at inn keeping.The invention of the steam engine made traveling even

more prominent. Whichhad to more and more people traveling not only for business but

also for leisure reasons.This lead to the actual development of the hotel industry as we

know it today.Hotel today not only cater to the basic needs of the guest like food

and shelter  provide much more than that, like personalized services etc.Hotels today are a

“Home away from home

EVOLUTION OF THE HOTEL INDUSTRY:

Lodging or Hotel industry is made up of a organization that provide over night

accommodation to the public and includes food and beverage services, entertainment

facilities and also other services which satisfy the public.The basis of hospitality industry is

tourism as it mentions to the movement of people from one destination to another desired

destination of the traveler. The movement of people created a need to stay thus the time

the hospitality industry evolved in the world.

The hotel industry is perhaps one of the oldest commercial endeavor in the world. Hotel

industry itself as its own history which dates back to sixth century, with the invention of

wheel and money by sumersions. Easy travel was on the basis causes that increased the the

hospitality industry and the growth of these service industry started.

The first form of lodging was on "Early Inns" where the travelers make their own beds

ventured known as "Inn-Keeping". It is like a small dwelling and was maintained by land

lords of the country. These form of "Inn-Keeping" remained for such a long time.

The industrial evolution in England brought in the much need change and the new trends

for the hospitality industry. The early inns slowly got transferred to the biggest lodges, then

into hotels and then into the modern and cultured growing industry and also ultimately the

most profitable industry of the modern world.

Emergence of various empires and the development of roads, railways, steam coaches,

ships, aviation etc brought a tremendous change in tourism with that the industry

developed and achieved one of its kind where it is now.

The rest houses, faverns, inns right from the Roman era, who were the first travelers,

showed the kind of interest for the potentials of these industry, it was in demand right from

the beginning.

The history of hotels is intimately connected to that of civilisations. Or rather, it is a part

of that history. Facilities offering guests hospitality have been in evidence since early

biblical times. The Greeks developed thermal baths in villages designed for rest and

recuperation. Later, the Romans built mansions to provide accommodation for travellers

on government business. The Romans were the First to develop thermal baths in England,

Switzerland and the Middle East. Later still, caravanserais appeared, providing a resting

place for caravans along Middle Eastern routes. In the Middle Ages, monasteries and

abbeys were the First establishments to offer refuge to travellers on a regular basis.

Religious orders built inns, hospices and hospitals to cater for those on the move.

From antiquity to the Middle Ages - The history of hotels is intimately connected to that

of civilisations. Or rather, it is a part of that history. Facilities offering guests hospitality

have been in evidence since early biblical times. The Greeks developed thermal baths in

villages designed for rest and recuperation. Later, the Romans built mansions to provide

accommodation for travellers on government business. The Romans were the First to

develop thermal baths in England, Switzerland and the Middle East.

Later still, caravanserais appeared, providing a resting place for caravans along Middle

Eastern routes. In the Middle Ages, monasteries and abbeys were the First establishments

to offer refuge to travellers on a regular basis. Religious orders built inns, hospices and

hospitals to cater for those on the move.

Inns multiplied, but they did not yet offer meals. Staging posts were established for

governmental transports and as rest stops. They provided shelter and allowed horses to

be changed more easily. Numerous refuges then sprang up for pilgrims and crusaders on

their way to the Holy Land.

Travelling then became progressively more hazardous. At the same time, inns gradually

appeared in most of Europe. Some of them have remained famous, for example, l' Auberge

des Trois Rois in Basle, which dates from the Middle Ages.

Around 1200, staging posts for travellers and stations for couriers were set up in China

and Mongolia.

In Europe, or more precisely in Belgium, l' Auberge Cour Saint Georges opened in Gant,

while the Angel Inn was built at Grantham in Lincolnshire, England.

The start of the hotel industry - In France, at the beginning of the fifteenth century, the

law required that hotels keep a register. English law also introduced rules for inns at that

time. At the same time, around 1500 thermal spas were developed at Carlsbad and

Marienbad.

During this epoch, more than 600 inns were registered in England. Their architecture

often consisted of a paved interior court with access through an arched porch. The

bedrooms were situated on the two sides of the Courtyard, the kitchen and the public

rooms at the front, and the stables and storehouses at the back. The First guide books for

travellers were published in France during this period.

An embryonic hotel industry began to develop in Europe. Distinctive signs were hung

outside establishments renowned for their refined cuisine. At the end of the 1600s,

the First stage coaches following a regular timetable started operating in England. Half a

century later, clubs similar to English gentlemen's clubs and masonic lodges began to

appear in America.

In Paris in the time of Louis XIV, the Place Vendôme offered the First example of a

multiple-use architectural complex, where the classical façades accommodated boutiques,

offices, apartments and also hotels.

In the nineteenth century, hotels take over the town -The industrial revolution, which

started in the 1760s, facilitated the construction of hotels everywhere, in mainland

Europe, in England and in America.

In New York First of all, and then in Copenhagen, hotels were established in city centres.

At the beginning of the 1800s, the Royal Hotel was built in London. Holiday resorts began

to flourish along the French and Italian rivieras.

In Japan, Ryokan guest houses sprang up. In India, the government-run Dak bungalows

provided reliable accommodation for travellers. The Tremont House in Boston was

the First deluxe hotel in a city centre. It offered inside toilets, locks on the doors and an "à

la carte" menu.

The Holt Hotel in New York City was the First to provide its guests with a lift for their

luggage.

In 1822, in Venice, a certain Giuseppe Dal Niel transformed an old palace into a hotel and

gave it his name, "Le Danieli". As trains began to replace horse-drawn transport, highway

inns for stage coaches started to decline.

During this period, the Shepheards Hotel in Cairo was founded, the result of a complete

transformation of an ancient city-centre harem.

L'Hôtel des Bergues was built in the spring of 1834 on the shore of the Lake of Geneva.

One of its founders, Guillaume Henri Dufour, became a famous Swiss general. In 1840,

l'Hôtel des Trois Couronnes was established in Vevey in Switzerland and the Baur au Lac

in Zurich, fully refurbished since 1995.

In New York, the New York Hotel was the First to be equipped with private bathrooms.

The "Bayerischer Hof" was built in Munich in 1841, followed in 1852 by the "Vier

Jahreszeiten" . These two famous establishments were completely renovated after the

Second World War.

Le Grand Hôtel Paris -The inauguration of the Grand Hôtel in Paris took place on 5 May

1862 in the presence of the Empress Eugénie. The orchestra, directed by Jacques

Offenbach, played the Traviata. This building was designed by the architect Alfred

Armand, in order to "show the élite of travellers from all over the world the progress

made under the Second Empire by the sciences, arts and industry".

The exterior façades with their high arched doors and their Louis XIV windows were in

the style required for the surroundings of the Opéra.The greatest names in painting and

decoration participated in the completion of this hotel, the grandest in Europe in its

dimensions, luxury and installations. The First hydraulic lift was installed in this hotel.

"Lighting was supplied by 4000 gas jets; heating by 18 stoves and 354 hot air vents.

In 1890, the entire hotel was equipped with electric lighting.

Due to the installation of steam central heating in 1901, baskets of wood were no longer

sold on the floors. Some years later the hotel was renovated. Further renovation took

place in 1970 and 1985.

In 1982, it became a member of the InterContinental chain.

Since 1992 the hotel has been equipped with a central Building Management System.

In June 2003, Le Grand Hôtel Paris has re-opened its doors following an eighteen-month

multi-million dollar renovation.

The Fifth Avenue Hotel in New York City was the First in that period to provide lifts for its

guests. 1869 saw the inauguration, near Cairo, of the Mena House, an oasis of calm and

luxury, at the foot of the famous pyramids of Cheops, Chephren and Mikerinos.

In 1870, the Palmer House Hotel in Chicago was the grandest of all hotels. Its structure,

the First of its kind, was fire-resistant.

In 1873, the Palais de Würtemberg in Vienna was transformed into a superb luxury

residence for the notables of the epoch, l'Hôtel Impérial. Kings and queens became

regular visitors to what is without doubt the finest example of the refined architecture of

the Ringstrasse in Vienna. It is said that Richard Wagner directed the First productions of

"Tannhäuser" and "Lohengrin" there. Two years later in 1875, the Grand Hotel Europe

opened its doors in St Petersburg. This prestigious place where Tchaikoswky spent his

honeymoon and where Shostakovich played a sonata for Prokofiev in his suite.

In 1880, the Sagamore Hotel on Lake George in the state of New York was the very First to

provide electricity in all its rooms.

The First school for hoteliers was founded in Lausanne, Switzerland in 1890 by J.

Tschumi, Director of the Beau Rivage in Lausanne, and A.R. Armleder, the "father" of the

Richemond in Genève.

In Monte Carlo, l'Hôtel Hermitage opened its doors in 1896, offering its guests the refined

and luxurious atmosphere enjoyed by the rich at the close of the nineteenth century.

Shortly afterwards, the Victoria Hotel in Kansas City offered bathrooms with every room.

The Netherland Hotel in New York City then became the First to provide all its guests with

their own telephone.

In Athens in 1874, Stathis Lampsas, a chef by profession, realised his dream by building

l'Hôtel Grande Bretagne. Athens was suffering at that time from a shortage of water. It is

said that the personnel bought water from carriers in the street to bring to the 80

bedrooms and ... the two bathrooms. Of course, the establishment has undergone several

renovations since that time.

In 1894, the Grand Hôtel became the First Italian hotel to boast an electricity supply.

The Swiss hotelier Caspar Badrutt opened the famous Palace de Saint Moritz in 1896. In

1898, César Ritz, from the Valais in Switzerland, who became, to quote the famous phrase

of King Edward VII, the "king of hoteliers and hotelier to kings", opened the hotel which

bears his famous name in the Place Vendôme in Paris.

The twentieth century: the age of prosperity -The early years of the twentieth century

were rich in new hotels which rapidly became prestigious.

Edouard Niiermans, the "architect of palaces", transformed the Villa "Eugenie", the

summer residence of the Emperor Napoléon III and his wife Eugénie de Montijo, in 1900.

In 1905, he built l'Hôtel du Palais in Biarritz. In 1913 his "Négresco" was opened in Nice,

in the presence of seven kings!

In Madrid, King Alphonse XIII was anxious that the capital should have a luxurious and

prestigious hotel, and as a result the Ritz was inaugurated in 1910. Seville paid its own

homage to the king by opening a splendid establishment, constructed by the architect José

Espiau, the Alphonso XIII. Not to be outdone, Barcelona inaugurated its own Ritz in 1919.

This was equipped with an unheard of luxury at that time, bathrooms with hot as well as

cold water!

We could also cite, among many other hotels built in the same period, the Ritz and Savoy

in London, the Beau Rivage Palace in Lausanne, le Négresco in Nice, the Plaza in New

York, the Métropole in Brussels, the Plaza-Athenée and l'Hôtel de Crillon in Paris,

the Taj Mahal in Bombay and so on. The latter was renovated in 1972 by the Inter-

Continental chain.

The prosperous nineteen-twenties saw a veritable boom in the hotel industry. Numerous

hotels were established in this decade. In 1923, the architects Marchisio and Prost

constructed a hotel in some wonderful gardens in the heart of Marrakech in Morocco, and

for decades it was considered the most beautiful hotel in the world: La Mamounia.

Winston Churchill helped to forge its reputation by becoming a frequent guest.

Hotels were built not only in cities, but also in the mountains. The First ski resorts in

Switzerland (Saint-Moritz, Gstaad, Montana, etc.) welcomed tourists (often English ones)

to some very comfortable establishments.

The worldwide depression which followed in 1929 did not prevent the construction of

the famous Waldorf Astoria in New York. This was the greatest hotel edifice of those

troubled times.

After the war, the fifties saw the second boom in the hotel industry. The Club

Méditerranée (G. Trigano) created the now famous, but then revolutionary concept of the

club village. These years were also notable for the construction of the Firstcasino hotels.

This was also the time when the airline companies began to develop their own hotels.

In the sixties, new tourist resorts flourished around the Mediterranean. From Spain to

Greece and from the Balearics to Yugoslavia, numerous city and beach hotels opened their

doors to summer guests hungry for relaxation and a good dose of sunshine. Portugal and

the Scandinavian countries soon followed their lead.

1970 saw the beginning of the construction of hotels for business people. This movement

was supported by several factors.First of all, there was the will of the airline companies to

extend their efforts in the domain of hotels.

Then there was the sudden prosperity, due to black gold, of Middle Eastern countries

which attracted business people from the entire world. This engendered an important

business travel trend - not limited to this region alone - which initiated the development

of hotels primarily designed for business people in Middle-Eastern cities like Dubai, Abu

Dhabi, Riyadh and Jeddah, to mention only the most important.

Hotel chains, attentive to their customers' wishes, started to offer an increasingly varied

range of services. Their rooms became more spacious and the cuisine more refined.

Gradually, too, various First class hotels (among them former palaces and city centre

hotels) which had fallen into disrepair began systematic renovation programmes.

The end of the seventies, when China opened its doors to foreign tourists, also saw

the First congresses of international hotel experts.

The third hotel industry boom -The third boom in the hotel industry began in 1980,

marked by more inventive marketing and the development of hotels increasingly adapted

to a particular type of clientele.

This trend prompted the construction of hotels near airports, hotels for conferences,

health hotels, ski holiday hotels, holiday villages and marina hotels. The First Property

Management Systems (Fidelio, Hogatex, etc.) appear in the hospitality market.

In Istanbul in 1984, work began on the renovation and transformation into a hotel of the

prestigious sultans' residence, the Ciragan Palace in Istanbul. The resulting hotel is no less

prestigious than the Ciragan Palace was. Managed by theKempinski chain, it opened its

322 rooms to guests in 1991.

The First administrative hotel management systems, offering hotels greater

independence from human resources, then appeared on the market. The hotel industry

was becoming more and more competitive. Business travellers and retired people became

important target customers.

In the eighties, too, the Far East began to prepare itself to welcome both business people

and the tourists who were beginning to discover the countries of the rising sun, such as

China, South Korea, Thailand and Japan. The international chains (American for the most

part) prepared expansion plans for Europe, the Middle and Far East which were mainly

aimed at congress participants and business people.

The nineties: technology starts to make an impact -The early nineties were

characterised by a recession in the hotel business, without doubt caused by reductions in

multinationals' travel budgets and the growing crisis in the Gulf.

The Gulf War helped to create great insecurity for both individuals and business. 1991 is

considered to be the black year of the hotel trade. It forced hoteliers to become more

creative in finding ways of attracting guests (special programmes, offers for "frequent

travellers", high performance reservation systems) and thus emerge from the crisis with

the minimum damage.

For the First time, the environment and energy conservation played an important role in

the marketing activities of numerous chains (thanks in part to the green movement) and

even helped to win the loyalty of numerous clients while safeguarding assets at the same

time.

Reservation systems became more efficient and offered the hotelier a new dimension in

the creation of customer loyalty, the database. The records of each guest's individual

history have helped create individualised marketing programmes and have enabled

hotels to satisfy a guest's personal needs from the moment of his arrival.

Hotel Adlon Berlin is a legend reborn. From its opening in 1907, until it was destroyed in

1945, it was a symbol of Berlin, a lavish host for royalty, heads of government, stage and

screen stars, and the greats of literature and science. Now, it has been rebuilt (1997) on

its original site, the corner of Unter den Linden and Pariser Platz, facing the Brandenburg

Gate. Outside, it is a virtual replica of the original; inside it is testimony to what smart

hotel operators (in this case the Kempinskigroup) can accomplish with an investment of

$260 million. The hotel's 337 rooms and suites are the ultimate in luxury. Interiors,

designed by England's Ezra Attia and Sweden's Lars Malmquist, dazzle with marble,

sandstone, stained glass, gold leaf, stuccowork, cherry wood panelling, and damask

draperies. This hotel is today equipped with the most advanced technology with regards

to the Room Management System communicating with the Property Management System.

Since 1992, the most important international chains have been vying with each other in

ever greater imaginative feats related to the vital process of renovating their

establishments worldwide.Technology has started to take its rightful place in hotel

administration (simplification of check-in and check-out procedures, global reservation

systems, marketing management etc.). In 1995, the First Hotel Room Management System

is launched at the European level. It is linked to the most popular Property Management

Systems to make the front desk more efficient and near to the guests.

At International Technology Forums, speakers unanimously, underlined the impact of

technology on hotel rooms.

Hotel chains have been searching for alliances and some of them. For example: Holyday

Inn, InterContinental, and Crown Plaza have merged to form Six continents hotels Chain;

Marriot absorbed Renaissance and Ramada International; Sol Meliaopened a new line of

Boutique hotels, Accor signed several joint ventures in the East and the Far East, etc.)

Forte acquired Méridien to reinforce its global position. Starwoods (Sheraton) absorbed

the Italian Ciga chain and Westin.

The main expansion zones for the hotel industry in 1994 remained Asia (particularly

China and India), the Middle East (above all, the United Arab Emirates and Egypt) and

Latin America.

In Europe, hotel enterprises in the eastern countries (Russia, Croatia, Slovakia, etc.)

decided to renovate dilapidated palaces built at the turn of the century. All the European

capitals started to invest in preparations for the major event of this fin de siècle period,

that is, the celebration of our entry into the third Millennium.

The 3 star hotel Millennium enjoying top level of On-line Room Management System is

situated at the best site in Opatija at the Mediterranean coast. Opatija in Croatia

corresponds, in terms of reputation, to the level of St. Moritz in Switzerland.

Capitals throughout the world were busy developing the necessary infrastructure to

welcome the millions of tourists for the celebration of this event.

Major hotel chains are drawing up development plans in almost all parts of Europe. These

plans primarily involve the renovation of numerous prestigious hotels in both western

and eastern European countries. Gradually, the great capitals of Europe have been

endowed with hotels boasting three, four and five stars, offering quality services,

innovative architecture, style, charm, and interior design (city Boutique hotels).

Specialised hotels offer wellness programs including health and beauty centres,

personalised services and treatments, anti-stress, revitalising, regenerating programs, etc.

Extravaganza - In 1995 construction began in Dubai of one of the most ambitious and

prestigious tourist complexes in the region, the Jumeirah Beach Hotels (Jumeirah Beach

hotel, Burj Al Arab, etc.). These comprise several establishments capable of satisfying the

needs of average tourists, business people and those who can afford real luxury. The talk

now is of six- and seven-star hotels, a surprising designation which is nevertheless

perfectly justified by the luxury of the bedrooms and the facilities they offer, the

impeccable service, the high degree of modern technology, as well as the beauty of the

surroundings and the high-quality environment.

EVENT ON" HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY:

BIBLICAL : 500 BC

Boarding houses existed, the mineral hot speiny in Gree, middle ease caravan sereis

known as khans were probably the first lodging properties.

MIDDLE AGES

1100's :- Iraver become safe in Europe and inns peepared. "Three kings inn" in Basil

Switzerland opened the costliest inn of the world. Which is still in operation.

1400's :- While French laws revised hotels to register the english were established

reservations for inns.

1500's :- First bunglows of its kind in India.

1850's :- "Spa reset" reach the peak

1900's :- :Tajmahal" the first star hotel of India!

1920's ;- The first school of hotel administration at Lorhen University.

1970's :- Opening of many Chain of hotels like Walt Disney hotel etc.

1980's :- Theme hotels were built and specialized services started.

ION AND DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM

Tourism is a diffusive theory to describe according to Oxford dictionary. Tourism "is

a composite of activities, services and industries that derives a travel experience available

for individuals or groups or operation of tours of it can be derived from Latin word

"Tornos" meaning eternal compass or wheel signifying circular motion".

Its origin can be found in pre-industrial society but over time, opportunities have

increased changing the picture from individual traveling from mass tourism.

Travel for religious purposes assumed the importance on middle ages. The pilgrims started

traveling across the globe, Romans were the first pleasure travelers. Magnificent network

of roads were built and the travel became more due to leisure, wealth empires and desire

to travel.

Began in 200 B.C the silk rovte was the journey in the west, exchange of silk, musim fine

cloth was done. It was reweded on chronological history.

The grand tour, on 17th & 18th centuries were made by diplomats, business people,

scholars, the curiosity to gain knowledge, culture and to see different regions tourism has

become the part of every one.

Curing the 18th century rail travel popularized travel cheaves were issued md crises were

converted. By that time people started travelling in search pened up World War II marked

the revolution of modest tourism.

Tourism is an activity generating a number of social economical benefits, it romotes,

international understanding, employment, restores cultural sritage, Foreign exchange

about 50% of any developing countries are jrned in tourism. Due to tourism, the various

monuments of countries are me place as welt as the revenue earning capacity. As we all

know, tourism is not eco-friendly sometimes, it can be either positive or negative.

It promotes the hospitality industry and to develop a particular nation. Tourism is the one-

industry where more than 450 million people travel around the world every year.

TOURISM SCENARIO IN INDIA

World tourism figures indicate that India, a poor of 16 in the world's most popular

tourist attractions. One share it world tourist if 0.4% and foreign exchange earnings are

0.5%. The top destinations are Rajasthan, Kerala and Goa with more tourists keeping in.

Agra is still sold abroad as country of Taj Mahal. Khajouraho's erotic switches and

legendary gangaes and the tampies on banks being an archetic type of India in tourist mind.

The entire himalayan range is not been exploited because of ignorance and not been

properly maintained. South well exposed to India tourist id still a mystery for the

foreigners. At present, India has nearly 900 hotels with nearly 54,000 rooms. These are

nearly 622 projects in the pipe line. Then there is also need to develop the motor industry,

along with government hostels. The Indian Tourism Development Corporation has agreed

for chain of motors in 23 cities, including 26,000 rooms with oberoi groups, Accor, France

etc. New industry policy also directs investment up to 51% capital is permitted.

Indian tourism can be called "a tale of lost opportunities". However, of proper maintenance

and guidance is given, the developing beaches of Goa and Kerala, the centers of pilgrimage

will might well soon become the worlds most enthralling centers.

HOTEL INDUSTRY AND TOURISM INTER DEPENDENCE

According to Oxford dictionary R.L Stevenson describes these relation has no hotels, no

tourism. Hotels have been in its up growth right from 20th century. First the inns of

England, the inns of France, Taverns of America, lodging or Banglows of India and slowly

the growth of hotels industry.

Priest were the first service people where they gave people place to stay on

Dharmashalas and then the land weds who built lodging houses and give these

accommodation for the exchange of something where tradition stacked.

The relationship can be expressed in two ways

Hotels providing the basic services, there by increasing the tourists from difference

countries.

Bulk of business for hotels comes form tourism based on the demand of the season.

As well as the foreign exchange and the popularity of a particular place.

Hotel industry has brought in new trends and ideas and has developed most parts of

India which are actually not developed, foreign exchange, tax revenues, more employment

opportunities has been a par of the hotel tourism with the growing development to make

India a developed nation.

FINANCE :

Finance department is a service center which assists the functional groups, plans

and operates the finance of the company to meet the ** requirements of the company. This

is to obtain funds from different services. They may be share capital long-term loans, short

term loans etc. The sources are classified for the convenience of simplicity, budjets, stores

accountings etc., considering cost, risk, repayment schedule.

INVESTMENT :

The finance procured from various sources has to be invested in developing of a

plan, a project or in shares or in re-building a particular organization. It can be either for

developing new areas in a project which is under taken or expanding the firm organization.

In all the above cases, investment risk and the return of profti has to be considered and

taken care of.

Then the proposals are to be made with the capacity investing to take a project, so

as to finish it successfully.

WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT

It is the most important activities which takes place on running the operations

successfully. It requires a lot of expertise and to find out the errors of share capital, the

judgmental accuracy is required. It can be defined as the sources to carry out the day to day

activities as well as smoothly. It also can be said as "meeting the requirements of stock in

process, raw materials, operations of stores, etc. The working capital required for day to

day activities can be minimized keeping the current assets in flow in control and the

activities not to get disturbed because of lack of working capital. It indicates -

1. The position of the firm

2. Suggests the extent to which we needs may be financed by permanent source of

funds.

MARKETING

Most important function of any company is marketing, the goods produced. It is and

ongoing process. Market research is the tool to find the market demand for the products.

The objectives of marketing include create utility wants to satisfy customer by providing

place, time and possession utility. And to minimize the cost of marketing activities.

PRICING

The company fixes the prices based in cost of production, market demand,

production image of the product, transportation, government policies, buyers tendency

competition etc.

The main objective is to maximize the value of organization, the return on

investment is been gradually pertained on rate of dividend, returned (reserve) also which

will help in to maintain the value of the firm along with * capita).

CO-OPERATION WITH OTHER DEPARTMENTS

To achieve the overall objective that is the profitability of the firm, return on investments

etc co-ordination with other departments such as production, marketing and personal

needs are important.

CHAPTER-2

SCOPE, OBJECTIVE, METHODOLOGY, AND LIMITATION

SCOPE, OBJECTIVE, METHODOLOGY, LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT

SCOPE:

The survey was conducted to study about the existing 3 star hotel in Bangalore city also to

study about the facilities the clientele would require as such the facilities like banquet,

conference halls, business center etc. To know which type of clientele is the hotel

concentrating for example business class travelers, tourists etc. This hotel covers good

important 3 star hotels in Bangalore city and their features

OBJECTIVE :

To make an assessment on facilities and services with regards 1 proposed hotels

feasibility and development of tourism and

To estimate the manpower requirements and the hotels.

To plan the location and technical aspects of the proposed hotel

To estimate the cost of the project, operating and running costs, an means of finance.

To calculate the profitability, determine the break even point and return on

investment.

METHODOLOGY:

The proposed hotel's data was collected from the following sources -Primary data

:- Data is gathered through -

1. Information from the hoteliers through interviews.

2. Data from observing and viewing the facilities provided on differer hotels.

3. Data collected from tourism offices, travel agents, as well as some of the views of the

guest.

4. Data was also collected from the engineers and site developers.

Secondary data :-

Data is gathered through -

1. Information gathered through books, hotel brochures etc.

1. Tourism information was collected through internet and e-m services.

2. Stastic and the finance part was collected through financial **

3.

Limitations :

The whole of the project data and all the calculations was based on tr estimation

given by the hotel staff and others.

Sufficient information was not given due to business secrel maintained by hotels,

while the other were relevant to reveal th strategic information.

Calculations and costing part in this project are based on th assumptions.

CHAPTER-3

INFORMATION OF PLACE AND (GANGTOK)

PROFILE OF THE PLACE

The proposed hotel has said to be set up in Sikkim ( Gangtok )

History

The history of Sikkim begins with ancient Hindu and Tibetan contacts, followed by the

establishment of a Tibetan kingdom (Chogyal) in the 17th century. Sikkim emerged as a polity in

its own right against a backdrop of incursions from Tibet and Bhutan, during which the kingdom

enjoyed varying degrees of independence. In the early 18th century, the British Empire sought to

establish trade routes with Tibet, leading Sikkim to fall under British suzerainty until independence

in 1947. Initially, Sikkim remained an independent monarchy, however in 1975, its subjects voted

by plebiscite to become a state of India.

Ancient history of sikkim

Not much is known about Sikkim's ancient history, except that the original inhabitants were the Lepcha (or

"Rong"), Limbu(Tsong) and Bhutias Sikkim also finds its mention on many Hindu texts as Indrakil or

"Garden of Lord Indra."

The Buddhist saint Guru Rinpoche is said to have passed through the land in the 9th century.. According

to legend the Guru blessed the land, introduced Buddhism to Sikkim and also foretold the era of the

monarchy in the state, which would arrive centuries later. There are numerous stories regarding the

migration of Tibetans into Sikkim and the establishment of the Sikkimese monarchy. The most popular

states that in the 13th century, Guru Tashi, a prince from the Mi-nyak House in Kham in Eastern Tibet,

had a divine revelation one night instructing him to travel south to seek his fortunes. Guru Tashi settled

down in the Chumbi Valley in Sikkim. In recent years a number of scholarly article have been written on

the history of Sikkim, which cast doubt over the validity of these stories.

Invasions from Bhutan and Nepal

Phuntsog Namgyal was succeeded by his son, Tensung Namgyal in 1670. The reign of the chogyal was

peaceful and saw the capital being shifted from Yuksom to Rabdentse.Chakdor Namgyal, the king's

second wife's son, took over the throne from him in 1700. This outraged his elder half-sister Pendiongmu,

who ousted him with the help of the Bhutanese. From 1700 to 1706, when Chakdor Namgyal, the third

chogyal ruled the Kingdom of Sikkim, most parts of Sikkim were under the invasion of Deb Naku Zidar,

the king of Bhutan. Chakdor Namgyal went in exile into Tibet. The Tibetan people expelled the Bhutanese

army, and called Chakdor Namgyal back to Sikkim. Chakdor's son Gyurmed Namgyal succeeded him in

1717. Gyurmed's reign saw many skirmishes between the Nepalese and Sikkimese. Phuntsog Namgyal

II, the illegitimate child of Gyurmed, succeeded his father in 1733. His reign was tumultuous as he was

faced with attacks by the Bhutanese and the Nepalese who managed to capture the capital Rabdentse.

Tenzing Namgyal, chogyal from 1780 to 1793, was a weak ruler, and his sovereignty saw most of Sikkim

being appropriated by Nepal. In 1788, the Nepali Gurkha Army invaded Sikkim, and took Limbuana and

the former capital Rabdentse by storm. The king of Sikkim went into exile in Tibet for a second time. In

1788, the 8th Dalai Lama stationed him in Chumbi Valley in Rènà zong (also "Rèrì," today's Yadong

County).Tshudpud Namgyal, his son returned to Sikkim in 1793 to reclaim the throne with the help of

China. Finding Rabdentse too close to the Nepalese border, he shifted the capital to Tumlong

Sikkim had retained guarantees of independence from Britain when she became independent, and such

guarantees were transferred to the Indian government when it gained independence in 1947. A popular

vote for Sikkim to join the Indian Union failed and Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru agreed to a

special protectorate status for Sikkim. Sikkim was to be a tributary of India, in which India controlled its

external defence, diplomacy and communication. A state council was established in 1953 to allow for

constitutional government for the Chogyal, which was sustained until 1973.

In 1962, India and the People's Republic of China went to war. Although Sikkim was an independent

country, skirmishes occurred at the Nathula Pass between Indian border guards and the Chinese

soldiers. After the war, the ancient pass was shut down (it reopened July 6, 2006).

The old ruler Tashi Namgyal died in 1963 after suffering from cancer. The last hereditary ruler, the

Chogyal Palden Thondup Namgyal, ascended to the throne in 1965. Trouble began to brew for the crown

even before the Chogyal assumed the throne, as Indian Prime Minister Nehru, who had carefully

preserved Sikkim's status as an independent protectorate, died in 1964. His daughter Indira Gandhi, who

became Prime Minister in 1966, would have little patience for maintaining an independent Sikkim or its

monarchy. The chogyal, who responded to the increased pressure by drinking, was viewed by India as

politically dangerous, especially after his wife, the American socialite Hope Cooke, published a journal

article advocating a return of certain former Sikkimese properties.

In early 1970 the anti-monarchy Sikkim National Congress Party demanded fresh elections and greater

representation for the Nepalese.

In 1973, anti-royalty riots in front of the palace led to a formal request for protection from India. India

worried that an unstable Sikkim would invite China to act on its claims that Sikkim was part of Tibet, and

therefore part of China. The Indian government appointed a Chief administrator, Mr. B. S. Das, who

effectively wrested control of the country away from the Chogyal.

Frosty relations between the Chogyal and the elected Kazi (Prime Minister) Lhendup Dorji resulted in an

attempt to block the meeting of the legislature. The Kazi was elected by the Council of Ministers which

was unanimous in its opposition to the retention of the Monarchy.

Indian reserve police were moved in and took control of the streets of Gangtok, after the Indian Army

placed the palace of the Chogyal under siege, the borders were closed and little was known until

American climber Caril Ridley happened into the capital and was able to smuggle photos and legal

documentation out. When confirmed by China, India’s actions were brought into the spotlight of world

awareness, However history had already been written and matters came to a head in 1975, when the

Kazi (Prime Minister) appealed to the Indian Parliament for representation and change of status to

statehood. On April 14, 1975, a referendum was held, in which Sikkim voted to merge with the union of

India. Many in Sikkim maintain that the referendum was coerced and conducted at gun-point by the Indian

Paramilitary forces. Those opposed to the merger were jailed during the time the referendum was

conducted. According to one of the members present in the Sikkim parliament, the Chogyal had agreed to

abdicate power to the elected representatives on the condition that Sikkim should not be merged with

India. This was of no use as the Ministers' loyalties had already been bought by Indira Gandhi. Sikkim

became the 22nd Indian State on April 26, 1975. On May 16, 1975, Sikkim officially became a state of the

Indian Union and Lhendup Dorji became head of State (chief minister).

The position of Chogyal was thus abolished, ending the monarchy. In 1982, Palden Thondup succumbed

to cancer in the United States.

Modern Sikkim

The 1979 assembly election saw Nar Bahadur Bhandari elected Chief Minister of Sikkim. Bhandhari held

on to win again in 1984 and 1989. In 1994, Assembly politician Pawan Kumar Chamling became

the Chief Minister of Sikkim. In 1999 and 2004, Chamling consolidated his position to sweep the polls.

Sino-Indian relations were somewhat bruised in 2000 by an event in Sikkim which challenged China's

longstanding claim of Sikkim as an independent country. The unusual event was the escape of Ogyen

Trinley Dorje from Tibet to Dharamsala, India. Ogyen Trinley Dorje is one of the two rival claimants who

seeks recognition as the 17th Karmapa, the head of the Black Hat branch of Tibetan

Buddhism(see Karmapa controversy). The two claimants did battle in the Indian court system for control

of the considerable funds collected by the 16th Karmapa for the restoration and maintenance of Rumtek

Monastery, located in Gangtok, Sikkim. The Chinese, who recognize Ogyen Trinley Dorje as the true

Karmapa, were unhappy about the court outcome which awarded the monastery funds to the other rival.

However, the Chinese government was in a quandary as to what to do about it, as any protest to India

would mean an explicit endorsement that the high court of India holds jurisdiction over Sikkim.

In 2003, with the thawing of ties between the two nations, Indian sovereignty over Sikkim was finally

recognised by China. The two governments also proposed to open the Nathula and Jelepla Passes in

2005.

On 18 September 2011, a magnitude 6.9Mw earthquake struck Sikkim, killing at least 116 people in the

state and in Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Tibet. More than 60 people died in Sikkim alone, and the city

of Gangtok suffered significant damage

Gangtok

State Sikkim

District East Sikkim

Government

• Body Gangtok Municipal Corporation

 • Mayor K.N Topgay[1] (SDF)

Area

 • Total 35 km2 (14 sq mi)

Elevation[2] 1,600 m (5,200 ft)

Population (2011)

 • Total 98,658

 • Density 5,675/km2 (14,700/sq mi)

Languages

 • Official Nepali, Bhutia, Lepcha, Limbu,Newari, Rai, Gurung,

Mangar,Sherpa, Tamang, Sunwar,Tibetans and Hindi

Places to visit

Nathu La

Is a mountain pass in the Himalayas. It

connects the

Indian state of Sikkim with China's Tibet

Autonomous Region. The pass, at 4,310 m

(14,140 ft) above mean sea level, forms a

part of an offshoot of the ancient Silk

Road. Nathu means "listening ears"

and La means "pass" in Tibetan. On the

Indian side, the pass is 54 km (34 mi) east

of Gangtok, the capital

of Indian state of Sikkim. Only citizens of India can visit the pass, that too after obtaining a permit in

Gangtok.

Nathu La is one of the three open trading border posts between China and India; the other two

are Shipkila in Himachal Pradesh and Lipulekh (or Lipulech) in Uttarakhand. Sealed by India after the

1962 Sino-Indian War, Nathu La was re-opened in 2006 following numerous bilateral trade agreements.

The opening of the pass was expected to bolster the economy of the region and play a key role in the

growing Sino-Indian trade but that has not happened. Currently, agreements between the two nations

limit trade across the pass to 29 types of goods from India and 15 from the Chinese side. The opening

also shortens the travel distance to important Hindu and Buddhist pilgrimage sites in the region

Rumtek monastery

Rumtek -Tibetan also called

theDharmachakra Centre, is

a Tibetan

Buddhist monastery located in

the Indian state of Sikkim near

the capital Gangtok. It is a

focal point for the sectarian

tensions that characterize

the Karmapa Controversy. The monastery is currently the largest in Sikkim. It is home to the community

of monks and where they perform the rituals and practices of the Karma Kagyu lineage. A

Golden Stupa contains the relics of the 16th Karmapa. Opposite that building is a college, Karma Shri

Nalanda Institute for Higher Buddhist Studies.Rumtek is located 24 km from Gangtok, the capital of the

Sikkim, at an altitude of about 1500 m.

Khecheopalri Lake

Khecheopalri Lake, originally

known as Kha-Chot-

Palri (meaning the heaven

ofPadmasambhava), is a sacred

Lake for

both Buddhists and Hindus, which

is believed to be a wish fulfilling

lake. It is located near

Khecheopalri village, 147

kilometres (91 mi) west of Gangtok and 34 kilometres (21 mi) to the northwest of Pelling town in the West

Sikkim district of the Northeastern Indian state of Sikkim. The local name for the lake isSho Dzo Sho,

which means "Oh Lady, Sit Here". The popularly known name of the lake, considering its location is

Khecheopalri Lake, ensconced in the midst of the Khechoedpaldri hill, which is also considered a sacred

hill.

The lake is an integral part of the much revered valley of "Demazong" meaning valley of rice. This

landscape is also known as a land of hidden treasures blessed by Guru Padmasambhava.

The Khecheopalri Lake is also part of Buddhist religious pilgrimage circuit involving theYuksom, the Dubdi

Monastery in Yuksom, Pemayangtse Monastery, the Rabdentseruins, the Sanga Choeling Monastery,

and the Tashiding Monastery. An interesting feature of the lake is that leaves are not allowed to float on

the lake, which is ensured by the birds which industriously pick them up as soon as they drop into the lake

surface.

The Khecheopalri Lake and the Khangchendzonga National Park are conserved from the biodiversity

perspective with ecotourism and pilgrimage as essential off shoots. As a result, their recreational and

sacredness values are enhanced.

Ban Jhakri Falls

Located en route to Ranka and 4 km away

from Gangtok, the Ban Jhakri Falls Energy

Park, lies amidst a lush green valley spread

over two acres, surrounded by trees and a

gushing mountain river. The Park has a

shamanistic theme. Hence, while the location

of the Park penetrating the forest spreads

seeks to enhance the essence of the occult and

the unknown, the place itself is littered with

ethnic sculptures and figurines of the Jhakri

culture.

 The park includes a waterfall and has well

laid out trails to wander along with gazebos placed at convenient spots to soothe weary legs while

the eyes can continue to marvel over the gushing streams and falls. Sikkimese styled foot bridges

add more color to the myriad hued park adorned with exotic flowers of wide variety. A dragon-

adorning splash pool beckons longingly at children who can splash about, while the exhibition

centre also doubles as a cafeteria. Designated fishing spots along the stream further offer visitors a

chance to dwell over life matters while waiting for a bite of the local trout.

M.G road

MG Road is the main commercial area of

Gangtok. All major shops, banks,restaurants etc

are located in around this place. The main part is

kept for pedestrians and no vehicle can enter the

main part of the road. It is like a plaza and

seating arrangements are made at the middle

row for the people to sit and enjoy the place.

Changu lake

It is literally known as "source of the lake " in Bhutia language. Just about 40 kms. away from Gangtok, the capital of the state, this serene lake is situated at an altitude of 12,000 ft on the Gangtok Nathu La highway. It falls in the restricted area and hence an inner line permit is required by Indians to visit this place. Foreign nationals are not permitted   to visit this lake without special permission. The lake is about 1 km. Long,

oval in shape, 15 meters deep and is considered sacred by the local people. It is also a home of brahminy ducks. It's cool, placid water harmonizes with the scenic beauty around. A small temple of lord Siva is constructed on the lakeside . This placid lake remains frozen during the winter months up to mid-May.

Between May and August it is possible to see a variety of flowers in blooms, including the rhododendrons, various species of primulas, blue and yellow poppies, irises etc. It is also an ideal habitat for thered panda and various species of birds.

 Teesta River Rafting

The Teesta River originates from the Pahunri (or Teesta Kangse) glacier above 7,068 m (23,189 ft), and flows southward through gorges and rapids in the Sikkim Himalaya.It is fed by rivulets arising in the Thangu, Yumthang and Donkia-La ranges. The river then flows past the town of Rangpo where the Rangpo River joins, and where it forms the border between Sikkim and West Bengal up to Teesta

Bazaar. Just before the Teesta Bridge, where the roads from Kalimpong and Darjeeling join, the river is met by its main tributary, theRangeet River. At this point, it changes course southwards flowing into West Bengal. The river hits the plains at Sevoke, 22 km (14 mi) north of Siliguri, where it is spanned by theCoronation Bridge linking the northeast states

to the rest of India. The river then courses its way to Jalpaiguri and then to Rangpur District of Bangladesh, before finally merging with the Brahmaputra River at Fulchori.

Flora and Fauna Sanctuaries

Sikkim is renowned for its astounding variety of birds, animals, and flowers -- over 450 species of birds, 400 species of butterflies, 450 varieties of orchids, and 40 species of rhododendron. Two of the best places to see them are the Deorali Orchid Sanctuary in south Gangtok (visit from March to early May and the end of September to early December), and Kyongnosia Alpine Sanctuary around an hour from Gangtok on the way to Tsomgo

Lake and Nathu La (vist from June until October).

 Yuksom and the Dzongri Trail

Sikkim is a trekker's paradise. The trek from Yuksom to Dzongri Peak, and further on to Goecha Peak if you're up for the challenge, is the most popular trek in Sikkim. It passes through the unspoiled forests, magnificent rhododendron gardens, and powerful rivers of Kachenjunga National Park. Additional trekking permits are mandatory for foreigners. 

Chapter-4

DEMAND AND QUANTIFICATION

CHAPTER 4 DEMAND QUALIFICATION

Resort Mayfair Orange village Suhim portico

Total No. of Rooms 120 73 103Average Occupancy 80% 80% 75%

Type of Clientele :-

Clientele mayfair Orange village Suhim portico

Business 20 40 40Tourists 60 40 40Group 10 10 10Others 10 10 10

Average no. of Rooms =Total No. of Rooms available in all hotels

Total No. of Hotels surveyed

120+73+103 = 98.6

3

Average clientele:-

1) Business :-

= sum of percentage of business class in each hotel

total no. of hotels surveys

= 20 + 40 + 40 =100/3

3

=33.33%

2) Tourists - Travelers :-

= sum of percentage of tourist clientele in each hotel

total no. of hotels surveys

= 60 + 40 + 40

3

=40 /3

= 46.67%

3) Group Travelers :-

= sum of percentage of group clientele in each hotel

total no. of hotels surveys

= 10+ 10 +10 = 30/3= 10.0%

4) Others

= sum of percentage of other clientele in each hotel

total no. of hotels surveys

= 10 + 10+10= 30 = 10.0%

Weighted average occupancy (WAO) :-

Let 'N' be the number of rooms available in all houses

N = 120 + 73 + 103

N = 296

O = Occupancy in other hotels

WAO:

W = No. of rooms of a hotel X Occupancy %

Total No. of rooms of all the hotels surveyed

120 X 80) + (73 X 80) + (103 X 75)

9600 + 5840 + 7725= 23165/296

=78.2 %

Weighted Average Occupancy = 78.2 %

Assuming break even point = 60% Estimated demand - supply gap It is calculated

as follows :-

Y = (W-B.E.P)XN

100

Where

Y = Demand supply W = Weighted Average Occupancy

B.E.P = Break Even Point

Therefore,

Y = (78.2 - 60) X 296

100 18,2 X296

= 5387.2

100 100

53 %

Estimation of number of rooms that can possibly be constructed without making

any loss in the market:

Y X1QO

B.E.P

53 X 100

60

88 Rooms

Hence, 88 Rooms can be established in the market without incurring any loss.

CHAPTER-5

TARGET MARKET AND RECOMMENDED MARKET MIX

NAME NO. OF

ROOMS

OCCUPANCT

%

BUSINESS TOURIST OTHERS

mayfair 120 80 20 60 10

Orange

village

73 80 40 40 10

Suhim

portico

103 75 40 40 10

AVG. NO . OF Clients

A) Business = 20 + 40 + 40

------------------------ = 33%

3

B) Tourist = 60 + 40 + 40

------------------------- = 46.6%

3

C) Other = 10 + 10 + 10

----------------------- = 10%

3

The proposed hotel is a four star deluxe resort. The resort is a private limited

company and it is located at Gangtok , Sikkim. This resort will be aimed to

attract mostly tourist. It will strive for perfection in all aspects of the

functioning of the hotel for the maximum clientele satisfaction. To ensure a

smooth workflow in the proposed hotel, it is divided into various sub

departments of better efficiency and co-ordination among staffs.

RECOMMENDED MARKET MIX

The marketing mix refers to complex or combination of marketing decisions, which may

simulate sales. Marketing mix is the set of marketing tools that the firm uses to pursue its

marketing objective in the target market.

NAME NO. OF

ROOMS

OCCUPANCT

%

BUSINESS TOURIST OTHERS

mayfair 120 80 20 60 10

Orange

village

73 80 40 40 10

Suhim

portico

103 75 40 40 10

The market mix denotes a combination of various elements, which together

constitutes a firm marketing system. Marketing is concerned with business

and the functions, product planning, pricing, selling advertising. marketing

mix in short means the mixing of marketing ingredients which are popularly

known as the serven p’s viz.

Place

Product

Price

Promotion

Process

People

Physical evidence

An optimal marketing mix, hence, involves from a creative blinding of

ingridents or elements , so that the product or service is offered to the

market under the conditions most favourable to the attainment of

marketing objectives.

PLACE

The place can be defined as the aggregate of forces or condition

within which buyers and sellers make decisions that result in transfer of

goods. By placing, we mean the selection of best location for hotel

project. It is understood that in hotel business location plays a very vital

role in ensuring the success of the hotel. The hotel is situated in

GANGTOK.

The location offer the following things.

1. It is located in one of the cleanest area of town

2. It is quite area with less population.

3. It is located in the heart of the city close to the market.

4. Climate is ideal for tourist to spend relaxing holidays.

5. Sikkim is well known for adventurous destination so it will be

heaven for people who love advanture.

6. Cool weather attract the honeymoon couples.

Product

The product is the most tangible and important single

component of the marketing program. Without a product, there is

nothing to promote and nothing to price. If the product fails to

satisfy a consumer demand, no additional cost on any of the other

ingredient of the marketing mix will improve the product

performance in the market.

There are several types of accommodation available. Full care

will be taken for the customer who need physiological, economic

social satisfication.

Physiological satisfication

The customer will be provided with facilities like thirst

quenches, comfortable bed, warm and subbed environment.

Economical satisfication

To launch the hotel successfully, the customers will be

provide with credit facilities with value for money rapid services.

Social satisfaction

Provision will be made of attentive service, enjoyable

company, should advice in wines and other

Psychological satisfication

The enhance of self-respect status and security is of very

importantce. The today’s market there is a lot of competition

between the hotels to attract customers by providing certain

facilities, so as to keep existence in the market.

The proposed four star deluxe hotel would concentrate

more on the needs of the business person, budget conscious and

so on because of the strategic location. It would also attract

vacationers due to its location and convenience and expecting a

lot of leisure travelers.

CHAPTER -6

TECHNICAL AND MANPOWER PLANNING

TECHNICAL DETAILS OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT

The technical aspects of the proposed hotels are as follows

Single Rooms 15

Double Rooms 25

Suites 10

Cottages 20

Total No." of Rooms 70

Area of allocation for rooms -(Length and Breath in Sq.Ft) Single and Double Room

a) Area of the Single Room -

= 15x20Sq.Ft = 300 Sq.Ft

b) Area of the Double Room -

Average Room Area = 20 x 20 Sq.Ft

40 Sq.Ft

c) Area of Cottage Room -

Average Room Area = 25 x 25 Sq.Ft

625 Sq.Ft

d) Area of a Svite

Average Room Area = 20 x 25 Sq.Ft

500 Sq.Ft

LAYOUT OF THE HOTEL :

BASEMENT AREA IN Sq.Ft

House Keeping 1200

Banquets 4000

Business Center 1500

Guest Toilet 500

Banquet Store Back Area 500

FAB Controllers Office 100

General Stores Engineering 1000

Maintenance 800

Personnel 400

Executive Lockers (F) 250

Executive Lockers (M) 400

Purchase 300

Staff lateria 800

Locker (M) 500

Locker (F) 300

Security Office 200

Time Office 150

Service Lift 200

Guest Lift 200

Gust Stair Case 200

Audio & Video Control 150

Corridor 1500

Accounts 500

Total 151650

GROUND FLOOR:

Lobby / Lounge 2500

Front Office 1000

Bar 1500

24 Hrs Coffee Shop 2000

Kitchen 500

Slopes 500

Speciality restaurant 1500

Main Kitchen 1500

Guest Lift 150

Service Lift 150

Guest Stairs 100

Back Office 800

Room Service 250

Gift Shop 200

Corridor 1200

Guest Toilets (M & F) 500

Service Stairs 100

Total 14450

FIRST FLOOR:

Single Room / Double Room 9000

(10 + 15 = 25)

S.R = 15x20Sq.Ft

D.R = 20x20Sq.Ft

Service Lift 150

Guest Lift 150

Service Stairs 100

Service Stairs 100

Pantry (Floor) 200

Pantry (Room Service) 200

Corridor 1500

Total 11400

SECOND FLOOR:

Single Room

5( 15 + 20Sq.Ft)

Double Room 10500

10(20 + 20Sq.Ft)

Suites( Standard) 10(20 + 25Sq.Ft)

Service Lift 150

Guest Lift 150

Service Stairs 100

Guest Stairs 100

Pantry (Floor) 200

Pantry (Room Service) 200

F & B Banquet Office 400

GM Office 500

Corridor 1500

Total 13800

THIRD FLOOR:

Cottage 20

12500 (25 + 25 Sq.Ft)

Service Lift 150

Guest Lift 150

Service Stairs 100

Guest Stairs 100

Pantry (Floor) 200

Pantry (Room Service) 200

Corridor 2000

Total 15400

BASEMENT AREA IN Sq.Ft

Sales and Marketing department 400

Salon and Beauty Parlour 500

Gym and Health club 3000

SPA (Ayurvedic Health Center) 2000

Garden and Pool side area 5000

Total 1090

MANPOWER PLANNING

The shift timing of the proposed hotel will be

Morning shift : 07:00 am to 04:00 pm

Afternoon shift : 03:00 pm to 12:00 pm

Night shift : 11:00 pm to 08:00 am

General shift : 09:00 am to 05:00 pm

G.M OFFICE

General manager - 1

Secretary - 1

Front office

Front office manager 1

Lobby manager 2

Receptionist

Reservation assistant

Cashier 3

Bell boys 6

Car rental supervisor 1

Parking artisans 2

Bell captain 2

operator 2

Housekeeping 

Executive housekeeper 1

Asst . executive H.K 1

Houseman 20

Desk supervisor 2

Floor supervisor 5

F&B production

Executive chef 1

Sous chef 4

CDP 11

Commie 40

F&B service

f & b manager 1

rest bar mngr 2

senior cap 4

captain 8

stewards 14

bar man 3

Total 32

Banquets

Banquets mngr -1

Asst banquet mngr -1

Captain 4

Stewards 15

Total                                  21

Laundrey linen & uniform

Laundrey mngr 1

Laundrey supervisor 5

Attender 18

Total                                      24

Engineering & maintenance

Chef engineer 1

Asst engineer 1

Electricance 5

Other tachinican 5

Total                                              12

Accounts

Chief accountant 1

Accountant supervisor 3

Accountant clerks 5

Assistants 6

Total                                                   15

Sales & marketing

Marketing mngr 1

Sales executive 4

Sales assistant 4

Total                                                        6

‘

Store

Store keeper 2

Store assistant 4

Total                                                         6

Security

Chief security 1

Security guard 10

Total                                                          11

Total no of employee – 264 – 37.13 lacks

SALARY PER YEAR = GRAND TOTAL * 12 months= 37.13L * 12 = 445.5L

20 % BENEFIT ON SALARIES (per year) = 20/100 * 445.5 = 89L

TOTAL SALARY PER YEAR = 445.5 + 89= 534.5L

10% OF GRAND TOTAL = 53.5L

SALARY FOR 3 MONTHS = 53.5 * 3=160.5L

TIMINGS

Executive and managers = 9 AM to 6 PM

Staffs and employees Morning shift= 7 AM to 4 PM

Afternoon shift= 2 PM to 11 PM

Night shift = 10 PM to 7 AM

Conclusion

The “Buddha inn resort” is located in the calm and quite busiest town of Gangtok

which is in Sikkim .Its natural greenery surroundings and location attracts not only

foreigners but also nationals in the country. The resort will be mostly occupied

with tourists and honeymoon coupls, so 24hrs room service are provided. The

restaurant and coffee shop providing delicious dishes and snacks for the sake of

guest interest. The place where it is situated is also easily accessible to guests.

The resort can achieve more income because, it is situated in a good locality. Most

guest come to enjoy the fresh weather and take rest from the busy life schedule.