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Ionic Bonding in Review. Ionic Bonds. B etween metals & nonmetals Electrons form a give take relationship metals give e- ( cation ) nonmetal take e- (anion) Held together by attraction of opposite charges. Names to Formulas. You have to be able to determine the charges of ions …. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Ionic Bonding in Review
Ionic Bonds– Between metals & nonmetals– Electrons form a give take
relationship• metals give e- (cation) • nonmetal take e- (anion)
– Held together by attraction of opposite charges
Names to Formulas
You have to be able to determine the charges of ions …
Predicting Ionic Charges from periodic tableGroup 1: Lose 1 electron to form 1+ ions
H+ Li+ Na+ K+
Group 2: Loses 2 electrons to form 2+ ionsBe2+ Mg2+ Ca2+ Sr2+ Ba2+
Predicting Ionic Charges from periodic table
Group 13:Loses 3 electrons to form 3+ ionsB3+ Al3+ Ga3+
Predicting Ionic Charges from periodic table
Group 14:Lose 4 electrons or gain 4 electrons? 4+ or 4- ion
Predicting Ionic Charges from periodic table
Group 15: Gains 3 electrons to form 3- ions
N3-
P3-
As3-
Nitride
Phosphide
Arsenide
Predicting Ionic Charges from periodic table
Group 16: Gains 2 electrons to form 2- ions
O2-
S2-
Se2-
Oxide
Sulfide
Selenide
Predicting Ionic Charges from periodic table
Group 17: Gains 1 electron to form 1- ions
F1-
Cl1-
Br1-Fluoride
Chloride
Bromide
I1- Iodide
Predicting Ionic Charges from periodic table
Group 18:Stable Noble gases do not form ions!
Predicting Ionic Charges from periodic table
Groups 3 - 12: Many transition elements have more than one possible oxidation state.
The only way to know their charge is by looking at the roman numeral in the name !!!
Iron(II) = Fe2+
Iron(III) = Fe3+
Predicting Ionic Charges from periodic table
Groups 3 - 12:Some transition elements have only one possible oxidation state.
Write these on your Periodic TableZinc = Zn2+
Silver = Ag+
Predicting Ionic Charges from periodic table
2+
1+
Predicting Ionic Charges of Polyatomic IonsPolyatomic Ions– The prefix poly- means many in Greek. – ion consisting of a molecule with many covalently bonded atoms – act as a single unit– Usually end in –ate & –ite – To know their charge memorize the list or look it up– -ide usually indicates binary compounds except hydroxide
Rules for Formulas• Write the cation (metal) first. Write the
anion (nonmetal) second.• The net ionic charge is zero.• Use subscripts to indicate multiple ions.• Write the formula unit in the lowest whole
number ratio.• Use parenthesis to indicate multiple
polyatomic ions.
Class Practice Names to Formulas
Silver Chloride
AgCl
Ag+1 Cl-1
Lead (IV) Sulfide (Galena)
PbS2
Lead (IV) Pb+4
S-2
Zinc Phosphide
Zn3P2
Zn+2 P-3
Aluminum Oxide
Al2O3
Al+3 O-2
Magnesium Sulfate
MgSO4
Mg+2 SO4-2
Iron (II) oxide
FeO
Iron (II) Fe+2
O-2
Iron (III) oxide (Hematite)
Fe2O3
Iron (III) Fe+3
O-2
Copper (II) Nitrate
Cu(NO3)2
Copper (II)Cu+2
NO3-1
Mistakes to Avoid• Roman numerals are not
written in the formula
• Charges are not written in the formula
• Don’t drop polyatomic subscripts
• Hydroxide, OH, needs parentheses to indicate multiples.
• Cu(II)O CuO
• K+1Br-1 KBr
• CaNO2 Ca(NO3)2
• CaOH2 Ca(OH)2
Examples #1- Formulas to Names
CuSO3
copper
I’m a polyatomi
c ion
1. Write the names of the ions
Final Name
sulfite(II)
x
X + (- 2) = 0
X = +2
Cu SO3
= 0
You must know the charge on the sulfite ion is -2
The sum of the positive and negative charges must equal zero
2. Determine the charge of the positive ion
-
2
+2 +2
Next
+22. Does the cation form more than one oxidation charge?
Examples #2- Formulas to Names
KMnO4
potassium
I’m a polyatomi
c ion
1. Write the names of the ions
Final Name
permanganate
2. Does the cation form more than one oxidation charge?
Examples #3- Formulas to Names
NH4NO3
ammonium
I’m a polyatomi
c ion
1. Write the names of the ions
Final Name
nitrate
2. Does the cation form more than one oxidation charge?
Examples #4- Formulas to Names
SnF2
tin
2. Does the cation form more than one oxidation charge?
1. Write the names of the ions
Final Name
fluoride(II)
Snx (F-1)2 = 0
X + 2(-1) = 0X = +2
Examples #5- Formulas to Names
Ba(ClO4)2
barium
I’m a polyatomi
c ion
1. Write the names of the ions
Final Name
perchlorate
2. Does the cation form more than one oxidation charge?
Examples #6- Formulas to Names
Cu2S
copper
I’m not a polyatomi
c ion
1. Write the names of the ions
Final Name
sulfide(I)
2Cux (S)-2 = 0
2X + (-2) = 0X = +12. Does the cation form more
than one oxidation charge?