Iron & steel industry in China Quit What are the locational changes in the iron and steel industry in China?

Iron & steel industry in China

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What are the locational What are the locational changes in the iron and schanges in the iron and steel industry in China?teel industry in China?


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How important is the iron and steel industry in China?

Iron and steel industry is a very important industry be

cause it provides basic _____________ used by many

other industries.

raw materials

Iron and steel industry is very

important to China too.

Do you know what China’s

rank in the world is in

terms of steel production?


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Major crude steel producers in the world, 2005

Which bar shows China’s

data?

South Korea

RussiaUSAJapanChina

What is China’s share in world

steel production?

______% 30.9


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Major net importers of steel, 2004

Although China produces a lot of

steel, it still needs to import plenty of steel to meet domestic

demand.

ItalyIranThailandUSA China

What is China’s rank as a net

importer of steel in the world?

Why does China need to produce and consume so

much steel?


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What is the spatial distribution of the iron and steel industry in China?1950s

In this period, iron and steel works were mainly concentrated in the __________, for e

xample,north-east

What were the major locational factors of the iron and steel industry in China during

this period?

Anshan


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Locational effectMajor locational factors

_______________

To save transport costs

- iron ore

- limestone

They are heavy and ______

Locate near to iron ore fields

_______________-oriented


Raw materialsbulky

Raw material


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________________

To save transport costs

- coal

It is heavy and _________

Locate near to coal mines

______________-oriented


Power resources bulky

Power


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What is the spatial distribution of the iron and steel industry in China?

Anshan

1950s1950s

Early 1950s to late 1970s


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Anshan

1950s1950s

Early 1950s to late 1970s1970s1970s

How did the distribution of iron and steel works change

during this period?

…and even to the West (e.g. Urumqi)

Can you give any examples of major iron and steel centres found in the Central?

Baotou

Taiyuan

Wuhan

Panzhihua

What were the major locational factors of the iron and steel industry in China during this period?

Inland shiftto the

Central…


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Raw materials Raw material-oriented

What is the spatial distribution of the iron and steel industry in China?Early 1950s to late 1970s

Power resources Power-oriented


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_____________ policyGovernment

- _________ reasons:avoid industries from

being attacked

- _________ reasons:~ balance economic

development~ relieve the problem of

overpopulation in the coastal regions

strategic

social

_______ shift of industriesInland


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Government policy is a particularly important locational factor in China not only in this period but also in the later peri

od. Do you know why?

It is because the economy in China is________________.

Most iron and steel works are

_______________.

state-planned

state-owned


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How does the distribution of iron and steel works change

during this period?

There is a gene

ral shift to the _

_______

regions.

coastal


1970s1970sEarly 2000sEarly 2000s

Can you name some of the major iron and ste

el centres?

What are the major locational factors of iron and steel industry in China nowadays?

1980s to the present

Shanghai

BeijingAnshan


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Government policy

- _______ policy

- the policy of ‘having some regions developed first’

open

Shift of industries to the _________ regionscoastal



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_______________ advancements- use of new

furnaces

Technological Less coal and iron ore are used


The locational importance of _________________ and _____________ decreases

- _______ iron can be used

The locational importance of ________ and __________　_________ increases

raw materialspower resources

scrap

market

- use of ________ carriers and better railway transport

bulk

Lower transport costs of power resources and raw materials

coastallocation


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export

import

What is the spatial distribution of the iron and steel industry in China?1980s to the present

Why does the coastal location

become more important?

Why does the coastal location

become more important?

It is because:

it is easier to _______raw materials from overseas;

it is easier to _______finished products to overseas markets.


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What other favourable locational factors coastal regions have?


( Small / Big ) markets

_______________economies

Agglomeration


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Well-developed

transport networks

and i_____________Shekou Port, Shenzhen

nfrastructure

and…

Main railway line

Line under construction

Railway junction/ Terminus


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___________flat land

Extensive

Can get land through______________reclamation

Water for_________cooling


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East 47%

Central 35%

West 18%


Abundant supply of__________ labour

Percentage of graduates with senior secondary education or above in the three economic regions, 2003skilled


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On the other hand, problems in the

inland areas discourage industrial

development. For example,

Far away from major markets Poor transport

networks and lowa___________ ccessibility

__________climateExtreme

_________ relief

Rugged

_________population

Small

Mainly____________

labourunskilled

Uneconomicalto exploit the

resources


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What is the spatial distribution of the iron and steel industry in China?To conclude…

Major locational factors:

1950s1950s

- ________________Raw materials

Main location:

- ________________Power resources

- _____________North-east


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1950s-1970s1950s-1970s

- ________________Raw materials

Main location:

- ________________Power resources

- Shift to ________areas

inland

- ________________Government policy



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1980s onwards1980s onwards

- ________________

Main location:

- ________________ ________________

- Shift to _________regions

coastal

- Increase the locational pull of _________

Government policyTechnological

markets

advancements



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___________ in Liaoning

Reasons:- Building new steel plants

elsewhere is costly

- If _________ costs > costs ________________

- Moving the ___________ is costly

Industrial ________

Has there been any industrial inertia in the iron and steel industry in China?

Have you noticed which major iron and steel centre

thrives throughout the period from the 1950s to present?

Why?

industry may stay behind

Anshan

machinery

movingsaved by moving

inertia


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Has there been any industrial inertia in the iron and steel industry in China?

Are there any other reasons for Anshan to remain as one of the major iron and s

teel centresin China?

Presence of infrastructure

Presence of infrastructure

Goodtransport

Goodtransport

Agglomeration economies

Agglomeration economiesLong history of

development

Long history of development


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What are the problems of the iron and steel industry in China?

Iron ore (million tonnes)

Electricity (million tonnes of coal equivalent)

Production Consumption

468336

1,846 1,970

This table shows the production and consumption

amount of iron ore and electricity in China in 2004.

What problem does the iron and steel industry in

China face?

Problems that the industry faces


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What are the problems of the iron and steel industry in China?

Iron ore (million tonnes)

Electricity (million tonnes of coal equivalent)

Production Consumption

468336

1,846 1,970

Problems that the industry faces

There is a __________ of raw materials and electricity.shortage

China is now the largest iron ore importer in the world.

Besides the problem above, transporting raw materials and finished steel products has also imposed great pressure on the ________ and __________ sectors. railway shipping


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What are the problems of the iron and steel industry in China?Problems caused by the industryEnvironmental problems

produces

Sulphur dioxide (SO2)

Sulphur dioxide (SO2)and nitrogen oxides (NO

x)

Carbon dioxide (CO2)

+Water droplets

Smog

+Water vapour

Acid rain

Globalwarming


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What are the problems of the iron and steel industry in China?Problems caused by the industrySocio-economic problems______________ of iron and steel works outdated, medium- and small-scale iron and steel works…

ClosedClosed

Closed ORRestructured Restructured

Workers are laid off __________________ problems_______________ Unemployment

Socio-economic

Modernization


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Imports of iron ore in China, 1980-2004

What is the trend of the

imports of iron ore in China?

What is the trend of the

imports of iron ore in China?

Increasing. Increasing.

How does this trend affect the location of iron

and steel industry?


and steel industry?

The industry tends to locate in coastal

regions.


regions.


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Exports of steel products in China, 1980-2004

What is the trend of the exports of

steel products in China?

What is the trend of the exports of

steel products in China?

Increasing. Increasing.


and steel industry?


and steel industry?


regions.


regions.

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Iron & steel industry in China Quit What are the locational changes in the iron and steel industry in China?