ironandsteelindustry

8/13/2019 ironandsteelindustry

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INTRODUCTION:

Iron and Steel Industry in India is on anupswing because of the strong global and

domestic demand. India's rapid economic

growth and soaring demand by sectors likeinfrastructure, real estate and automobiles,

at home and abroad, has put Indian steel

industry on the global map. According to thelatest report by International Iron and Steel

Institute (IISI), India is the 4th largest

steel producer in the world.


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HISTORY OF IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY ININDIA

Iron and Steel industry in the country has experienced a

sustainable growth since the independence of the country.A humble beginning of the modern steel industry was

reached in India at Kulti in West Bengal in the year 1870.

But the outset of bigger production became noticeable with

the establishment of a steel plant. It started plant inJamshedpur in Bihar in 1907. it started production in 1912.

The new township was named after Jamshed ji Tata.

It was, however, only after Independence that the steel

industry was able to find a strong foothold in the country.

Excluding the Jamshedpur plant of the Tatas, all are in the

public sector and looked after by Steel Authority of India Ltd.

(SAIL).


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SOME OTHER INDUSTRIES:

Bhilai and Bokaro Steel plant were set up withSoviet alliance. Durgapur and Rourkela came up

with British and West German technical expertise,

respectively.


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THE PRESENT SCENARIO OF THE INDUSTRY

India has one of the richest reserves of all the raw materials

required for the industry, namely land, capital, cheap labour,

iron ore, power, coal etc. Yet we are 4th in the world ranking

for production of steel. We produced 66.8 million tonnes in

2010-11, while China, at the top of the list, produced 626.7million tonnes. Our per capita consumption of steel in India

(at 50 kg per annum) is well below the world average (at

about 200 kg per annum) and much below that of the

developed world (around 350 kg per annum).


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VISION 2020 OF THE STEEL INDUSTRY IN INDIA

The National Steel Policy2005 aims at increasing thetotal steel production of the country to 110 million tonnes

per year (in 2019-20) from 38 million tonnes (in 2004-05).

This was supposed to require a compounded annual

growth of about 7.3%. The total production in 2010 was66.8 million tonnes. The compounded annual growth from

2005 to 2010 has been more than 9% which is better than

the expected growth. But most of these are a result of the

brownfield expansion projects of the existing steel

companies. But to continue with the same growth rate, we

need new Greenfield projects.


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INDIAS EXPORT OF IRON AND STEEL


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IMPORTS:

Iron & steel are freely importable as per the extant policy. Last five years import of total finished steel (alloy + non alloy) is given below:-

Indian steel industry : Imports (in million tonnes)

Category 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12*

Total Finished Steel (alloy + non alloy) 7.03 5.84 7.38 6.66 6.83

Source: Joint Plant Committee; *provisional


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TATA STEEL

Tata Steel is a top ten global steelmaker and the worlds second

most geographically diversified

steel producer.

Tata Steel was founded in India in

1907. Since 2004 the Companyhas expanded globally, acquiring

Asian steel producers NatSteel

and Millennium Steel (now called

Tata Steel Thailand) as well asEuropes second largest steel

producer Corus (now called Tata

Steel Europe Limited).


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Tata Steel is part of the Tata Group, Indias largest

industrial conglomerate. Both Tata and Tata Steel

have a long history of charitable donations and

social responsibility, with Tata spending

approximately 4% of the Companys profit after

tax on corporate social responsibility initiatives.Tata Steel endeavors to improve the quality of life in

the communities in which the Company

operates. Tata Steels charitable projects have

touched the lives of over 800,000 people in India.


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FACTS ABOUT TATA STEEL

Tata Steel is the world's 6th largest steel company. An existing annual crude steel capacity of 28 million tons.

Asia's first integrated steel plant and

India's largest integrated private sector steel company is

now the world's second most geographically diversifiedsteel producer.

Tata Steel plans to grow and globalise through organicand

inorganic routes. Its 5 million tonnes per annum (MTPA) Jamshedpur

Works plans to double its capacity by 2010.


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INDUSTRY STRUCTURE

The Iron and steel Industry in India has 2separatedivisions:

Integrated producers

Secondary producersIntegrated Producers:Amongst the Integrated producers,

themajor producers include Tata Iron and Steel Company Limited

(TISCO), Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited (RINL) and Steel

Authority of India Limited (SAIL), who generate steel by

converting iron ore.Secondary Producers: The Secondary producers like IspatIndustries, Lloyds steel and Essar Steel, create steel through

the process of melting scrap iron. These are mainly small steel

plants

and produce steel in electric furnaces, using scrap and sponge


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II WORLD WAR IMPACT ON STEEL INDUSTRIES

During World War II, industry productionincreased

sharply because of steel's importance to war

mobilization.Some of this increase was a result of

production returning to full capacity afterthe depression.

India pushed forward for making Iron and Steelfor

Japanese Army.

Meanwhile, the United States controlled 60'


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THE PROBLEMS FACED BY THE INDUSTRY IN PRESENT TIMES

Many steel giants signed for opining new industries withseveral state governments (especially Jharkhand, Orissa,

Chattishgarh and West Bengal) for new projects but none of

them have materialised. It has taken 5 long years for Tata

Steels Kalinganagar (Orissa) project to complete the

rehabilitation and resettlement process. JSWs proposed

Salboni plant (W.B) hasnt been allotted the required amount

of land, and moreover the government, recently, took control

over about 400 acres of land bought by the company because

of a state rule that any outsider cant buy more than 24 acresof village land. POSCO is facing massive resistance from the

natives of Jagatsinghpur (Orissa) for land acquisition while

many other steel plants are awaiting aid from the government

in terms of either land or infrastructure.


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PROCESSING OF IRON AND STEEL

MINING

Mining is the first step in the production of iron and steel.

Earth is excavated deep in search of iron ore.

Breaking and cutting of iron ore takes place to receive raw

iron.Raw Materials from the iron ore are put in a particularly hot

fire lead in the embers of the fire.This is done to get the mixture of Iron Ore and Charcoal that

is burnt with the help of a blast of air from hand worked

bellows.


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Conclusion :We develop economic as well as engineering indicators for productivity

growth, technical change and energy consumption that allow us to

investigate savings potentials in specific energy use as well as carbondioxide emissions. We discuss our findings within a broader context of

structural and policy changes in the sector. The economic analysis shows

that productivity has been decreasing over time. The decline in productivity

was caused largely by government protection regarding prices and

distribution of steel and by inefficiencies in integrated steel plants that werereserved to the public sector. With liberalization of the iron and steel

industry productivity increased

substantially to positive growth rates.

We further introduce cost effective and low cost potentials for reducing

energy consumption as well as carbon emissions. In comparing Indianenergy consumption to best practice energy consumption we show that

energy savings of about 50% could be achieved. However, the

implementation of initiatives towards energy efficiency is being hampered by

barriers both of general and process specific nature occurring at the macro

and micro level of the economy.


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REFERENCES :

business.mapsofindia.com/india-gdp/industries/iron-steel.htm - 37k

www.fundoodata.com/industry-companies/iron-&-steel/173.h - 133k

www.steelmint.com/ - 267k

wiki.answers.com/Q/Where_was_the_first_iron_and_steel_indust - 73k

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