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ISER-UAA Workshop on Strengthening Institutions: Strategies for Cooperative Management in the Marine Environment of the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas Anchorage, 3 rd March, 2011 Ian M. Dutton iand@alaskasealife.org

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Overview Coastal and Marine Spatial Planning (CMSP) Global status General potential and pitfalls Four key questions for CMSP in the Arctic Summing Up can CMSP make a useful contribution to collaborative management in the Arctic?

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LOTS of global guidance

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State of the art http://www.unesco-ioc-marinesp.be/msp_around_the_world?

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What is CMSP? Marine spatial planning is a public process of analyzing and allocating the spatial and temporal distribution of human activities in marine areas to achieve ecological, economic, and social objectives that usually have been specified through a political process. http://www.unesco-ioc-marinesp.be/

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National CMSP Framework CMSP = comprehensive, adaptive, integrated, ecosystem-based, and transparent spatial planning process, based on sound science, for analyzing current and anticipated uses of ocean, coastal, and Great Lakes areas. "coastal and marine spatial plans" means the plans that are certified by the National Ocean Council as developed in accordance with the definition, goals, principles, and process described in the Final Recommendations.

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Demand for Ocean Space in Belgium

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Already exists in US Ocean Use Regulation (typically single sector)

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Potential of CMSP Establish common vision for future Coordination of decision making Regulation of use(s)/zoning Separation of conflict(s) Clarify regulatory authority Defense and national security Allocate resources to best uses Formalize EBM & protect ecosystem services/features Protect property, legal, economic and cultural rights Create certainty for investment Promotes transparency and public engagement etc. Jervis Bay and watershed (Dutton,et al. 1994)

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Enables vision for future, transparency, promotes inclusiveness in decision making both laterally and vertically and establishes/protects rights

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Provides reason and inclusive process to bring stakeholders together South African example National Environmental Management: Integrated Coastal Management Act (No. 24 of 2008)

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Clarifying authority, separating conflicts, protecting key assets and simplifying permitting China Territorial Sea, 2002 Norway Oil Regulation, 2008 http://www.unesco-ioc-marinesp.be/msp_around_the_world

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Separates conflicts, optimizes resources, promotes investment confidence, minimizes development impacts, empowers user inquiry, etc. CA Ocean Uses Atlas project - http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/news/weeklynews/nov10/ca-ocean-uses.html

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MA Whale Strike Avoidance http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=111668099 Smart sea use reducing conflicts, sharing space to protect key ecological resources and industries

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So why didnt MSP catch on before? Traditionally planned from the land outwards first land use planning, the coastal zone, now sea? Variable intensity of sea uses around the world Lack of compelling drivers e.g. offshore mining, crises Fisheries, the most extensive global sea use, has its own spatial, temporal and rule-based management approaches - why add more? More land and sea use restrictions had limited political appeal Lack of multiple use/broader ocean governance frameworks; things working ok for now why change? Lack of champions who speaks for the oceans and who listens? Lack of data, planning /science methods and lack of spatial data processing ability to compile and analyze data in ways comparable to terrestrial systems

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Common Pitfalls of CMSP Process too complex Panacea for all issues? Too ambitious too quickly Often top down Lack of stakeholder empowerment - e.g. tools require specialists Over reliance on scientific data technical capacity exceeds adoption capacity Inadequate impact monitoring Lack of coupling with implementation

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Many factors shape ecosystem and governance trajectories CMSP alone cannot address these

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1. Can CMSP work in a complex governance situations at Chukchi/Beaufort Sea scales?

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GBRMP Act 1975 10 year initial zoning process 350,000 km2 National and State governments coordinated Mining and oil drilling banned