Isolation & ExplorationIsolation & Exploration

Encouraging ExplorationEncouraging Exploration Renaissance encouraged adventure & Renaissance encouraged adventure &

curiositycuriosity Europeans seek greater wealthEuropeans seek greater wealth

• Looked for spices & luxury goodsLooked for spices & luxury goods NutmegNutmeg CinnamonCinnamon GingerGinger PepperPepper

• Add spices to bland foodAdd spices to bland food• Charged merchants high pricesCharged merchants high prices

Encouraging ExplorationEncouraging Exploration Spread of ChristianitySpread of Christianity Crusades (1096-1270) left hostility Crusades (1096-1270) left hostility

between Christians & Muslimsbetween Christians & Muslims• Christians wanted to continue the fight to Christians wanted to continue the fight to

convert non-Christiansconvert non-Christians Bartolomeu DiasBartolomeu Dias

• Portuguese explorerPortuguese explorer• ““Serve God, His Majesty, to give light to those Serve God, His Majesty, to give light to those

who were in darkness…and to grow rich”who were in darkness…and to grow rich”

Technological AdvancesTechnological Advances Newly designed ships for longer voyagesNewly designed ships for longer voyages

• CaravelCaravel• Triangular sailsTriangular sails• Worked against the windWorked against the wind

AstrolabeAstrolabe• Brass ring with marked degreesBrass ring with marked degrees• Use the ring & stars to mark distances from Use the ring & stars to mark distances from

the equatorthe equator Magnetic compassMagnetic compass

• Invented by the ChineseInvented by the Chinese

Competition for TradeCompetition for Trade

Portugal Leads the WayPortugal Leads the Way Prince Henry supported tradePrince Henry supported trade

• Helped conquer north African citiesHelped conquer north African cities• Saw the wealth that lay beyond EuropeSaw the wealth that lay beyond Europe

Portugal had trade ports in West AfricaPortugal had trade ports in West Africa• Traded goods for gold and ivoryTraded goods for gold and ivory

Portuguese sailors reach Asia (India)Portuguese sailors reach Asia (India)• Captain Bartolomeu Dias (1487) sailed to the tip of Captain Bartolomeu Dias (1487) sailed to the tip of

AfricaAfrica• Storms blew the ships around the tipStorms blew the ships around the tip

Tried to reach India but supplies were lowTried to reach India but supplies were low 1498 Vasco da Gama reached the port of 1498 Vasco da Gama reached the port of

Calicut (India)Calicut (India)• 27,000 Miles27,000 Miles

Spain Competes with PortugalSpain Competes with Portugal Spanish were jealous of PortugueseSpanish were jealous of Portuguese Christopher ColumbusChristopher Columbus

• Believed he could reach India faster by sailing Believed he could reach India faster by sailing westwest

• Reached the Caribbean islands in October, Reached the Caribbean islands in October, 14921492

Spain believed they reached India firstSpain believed they reached India first• Upset Portugal and created competitionUpset Portugal and created competition

Treaty of TordesillasTreaty of Tordesillas Spain & Portugal prepared for war as Spain & Portugal prepared for war as

competition grewcompetition grew Pope Alexander VIPope Alexander VI

• Met with both nations to calm behaviorsMet with both nations to calm behaviors Developed a Line of DemarcationDeveloped a Line of Demarcation

• A line directly down the center of the Atlantic A line directly down the center of the Atlantic OceanOcean

All lands west of the line belonged to SpainAll lands west of the line belonged to Spain All land east of the line belonged to PortugalAll land east of the line belonged to Portugal

• The treaty showed agreement to obey the The treaty showed agreement to obey the lineline

New Trading EmpiresNew Trading Empires

Trading in the Indian OceanTrading in the Indian Ocean Da Gama’s voyage opens sea trading Da Gama’s voyage opens sea trading

with Asiawith Asia Violence eruptsViolence erupts

• Countries battle for possession of Asian portsCountries battle for possession of Asian ports• Asian people battle new explorersAsian people battle new explorers

Portugal’s Trading EmpirePortugal’s Trading Empire Established circa 1500Established circa 1500 Built relationships throughout the Indian Built relationships throughout the Indian

Ocean areaOcean area Took control of spices from Muslim Took control of spices from Muslim

merchantsmerchants Defeated Muslim & Italian stronghold on Defeated Muslim & Italian stronghold on

Asian tradeAsian trade Gained control of Spice IslandsGained control of Spice Islands

• Spice-rich lands outside the East IndiesSpice-rich lands outside the East Indies

Portugal TradingPortugal Trading Reached Japan in 1543Reached Japan in 1543

• Shipwrecked sailors washed ashoreShipwrecked sailors washed ashore• Portuguese merchants soon followedPortuguese merchants soon followed

Asians were curious of newcomersAsians were curious of newcomers Goods impact culturesGoods impact cultures

• ClocksClocks• EyeglassesEyeglasses• TobaccoTobacco• FirearmsFirearms

Japanese change from using swords to muskets Japanese change from using swords to muskets & cannons& cannons• Allowed for the building of fortsAllowed for the building of forts• Small towns built outside of fortsSmall towns built outside of forts

Dutch Trading & Cultural Dutch Trading & Cultural ImpactImpact

Dutch Take OverDutch Take Over Portuguese driven out of East IndiesPortuguese driven out of East Indies Dutch trading takes overDutch trading takes over

• People of the NetherlandsPeople of the Netherlands Became sea trading power by 1600Became sea trading power by 1600

• 20,000 Ships for trading20,000 Ships for trading Dutch East India Trading CompanyDutch East India Trading Company

• Established in AsiaEstablished in Asia• Mint MoneyMint Money• Make trade treatiesMake trade treaties• Protected by their own armyProtected by their own army

Dominated England & Portugal tradingDominated England & Portugal trading

Dutch Grow TradeDutch Grow Trade Capture Spice Islands in 1619Capture Spice Islands in 1619 Amsterdam becomes a leading Amsterdam becomes a leading

commercial center by 1600scommercial center by 1600s Dutch controlled much of Asia & Cape of Dutch controlled much of Asia & Cape of

Good HopeGood Hope• Located in South AfricaLocated in South Africa

Impact on Asian CultureImpact on Asian Culture Effects of European trade was limitedEffects of European trade was limited

• Asians worked to limit influence of new tradeAsians worked to limit influence of new trade• China & Japan tried to maintain their cultureChina & Japan tried to maintain their culture

Christian MissionariesChristian Missionaries• 1549 Christian missionaries arrive in Japan1549 Christian missionaries arrive in Japan• Japanese associate missionaries with muskets Japanese associate missionaries with muskets

& other goods they wanted& other goods they wanted• 300,000 Japanese converted to Christianity 300,000 Japanese converted to Christianity

by 1600by 1600• Japan worked for almost 40 years to rid Japan Japan worked for almost 40 years to rid Japan

of Christiansof Christians

Impact (Cont)Impact (Cont) Closed country policyClosed country policy

• Persecution of Christians led to closed door Persecution of Christians led to closed door policypolicy

• Did not agree with European ideasDid not agree with European ideas Did like their technologyDid like their technology

• Shoguns sealed the country by 1639Shoguns sealed the country by 1639 Closed country policyClosed country policy

The Ming DynastyThe Ming Dynasty

Ming Dynasty BackgroundMing Dynasty Background Dynasty existed 1368 – 1644 A.D.Dynasty existed 1368 – 1644 A.D. Ming Dynasty in power when Portugal Ming Dynasty in power when Portugal

arrived in China (1514)arrived in China (1514) Group of overlords who ruled ChinaGroup of overlords who ruled China

• Helped protect southeast Asian countriesHelped protect southeast Asian countries• Demanded payments for recognition of Demanded payments for recognition of

dominancedominance Mings wanted peace & prosperity in Mings wanted peace & prosperity in

ChinaChina

Hongwu (Rise of the Ming)Hongwu (Rise of the Ming) Commanded the army to defeat the Commanded the army to defeat the

Mongol rulersMongol rulers Became the first Emperor of the Ming Became the first Emperor of the Ming

DynastyDynasty Promoted power & prosperity in the Promoted power & prosperity in the

regionregion Encouraged Confucian moral standardsEncouraged Confucian moral standards

• Opposite of Christian missionariesOpposite of Christian missionaries

Hongwu (Cont)Hongwu (Cont) Agricultural changesAgricultural changes

• Improved rice productionImproved rice production• Improved irrigationImproved irrigation• Introduced fish farming Introduced fish farming • Introduced commercial farmingIntroduced commercial farming

CottonCotton Sugar CaneSugar Cane

Created a merit-based service systemCreated a merit-based service system Became a ruthless tyrant & paranoid of Became a ruthless tyrant & paranoid of

takeoverstakeovers

YongloYonglo Yonglo became Emperor in 1398Yonglo became Emperor in 1398

• Son of Hongwu Son of Hongwu Extreme interests in the world outside of Extreme interests in the world outside of

ChinaChina

China ExploresChina Explores

China’s ExpeditionsChina’s Expeditions Led by Zheng HeLed by Zheng He

• Friend of YongloFriend of Yonglo Huge ExpeditionsHuge Expeditions

• Large fleets to far landsLarge fleets to far lands 40 – 300 Ships per expedition40 – 300 Ships per expedition

• Focused on East AfricaFocused on East Africa Arrived in foreign ports with thousands of menArrived in foreign ports with thousands of men

• Gave people gifts to show superiorityGave people gifts to show superiority Scented oilsScented oils GoldGold SilverSilver SilkSilk

Impact of ExplorationsImpact of Explorations China’s economy does not growChina’s economy does not grow

• Economy based on agriculture & not industryEconomy based on agriculture & not industry Christian missionaries take focus off of Christian missionaries take focus off of

Confucian teachingsConfucian teachings

Daily LifeDaily Life Farmers put emphasis on growth of rice & cropsFarmers put emphasis on growth of rice & crops

• Collected from the AmericasCollected from the Americas Role of WomenRole of Women

• Sons over daughtersSons over daughters• Sons raise family under parents roofSons raise family under parents roof

Ensured support for family eldersEnsured support for family elders• Females not valuedFemales not valued

Sometimes killedSometimes killed• Men dominate householdMen dominate household• Women help run the houseWomen help run the house

Had outside jobs occasionally Had outside jobs occasionally

The Qing DynastyThe Qing Dynasty

Pronounced ChingPronounced Ching

Mings Lose PowerMings Lose Power Ming Dynasty weakens after 200 yearsMing Dynasty weakens after 200 years

• Ineffective rulersIneffective rulers• Corrupt government leadersCorrupt government leaders• No government moneyNo government money

Manchuria invades ChinaManchuria invades China• Manchurians take over in 1644Manchurians take over in 1644

Qing Dynasty lasted 260 yearsQing Dynasty lasted 260 years• Grew ChinaGrew China

TaiwanTaiwan Chinese Central AsiaChinese Central Asia MongoliaMongolia TibetTibet

Qing DynastyQing Dynasty Manchurian rulers faced resistance during Manchurian rulers faced resistance during

reignreign• Not traditionally ChineseNot traditionally Chinese

Qing Changes for ChineseQing Changes for Chinese• Men wear hair in pigtail as sign of submissionMen wear hair in pigtail as sign of submission• Qings accepted by showing Confucian beliefsQings accepted by showing Confucian beliefs• Reduced government expenses & lowered Reduced government expenses & lowered

taxestaxes

Qings Isolate AsiaQings Isolate Asia Traders had to follow special rulesTraders had to follow special rules

• Trade only at certain portsTrade only at certain ports• Pay tributePay tribute

Taxes to trade given to governmentTaxes to trade given to government Dutch traders were successful in following rulesDutch traders were successful in following rules

• Become large shippers of tea to EuropeBecome large shippers of tea to Europe• 80% of cargo80% of cargo

Great Britain did not follow rulesGreat Britain did not follow rules• Were forbidden to tradeWere forbidden to trade

China becomes “big brother” to KoreaChina becomes “big brother” to Korea• SIGNIFICANT TO LATER WARSSIGNIFICANT TO LATER WARS

Cultural DevelopmentsCultural Developments China becomes conservative and refuses China becomes conservative and refuses

change from outsiderschange from outsiders• Closed country ideasClosed country ideas

Large family structure is importantLarge family structure is important• Major growth in populationMajor growth in population

Focused on artsFocused on arts• Creation of ceramics & porcelainCreation of ceramics & porcelain