1Table des matières Table of Contents

Prologue

Introduction

Caractéristiques nationales, régionales et locales

Aspects Juridiques

Douanes et formalités d’immigration

Protection de l’Environnement et Meteorologie

Finances

Marketing

Prologue

Introduction

National, Regional and Candidate City Characteristics

Legal Aspects

Customs and Immigration Formalities

Environmental Protection and Meteorology

Finance

Marketing

2

6

81

222

323

404

565

706

Prologue 3

Istanbul is a city with Olympic aspirations. It is aware of the many benefits that derive from

playing host to the Olympic Games. It is also convinced that the staging of the Games in Istanbul

will enhance the power of Olympism.

This is Istanbul’s third consecutive bid to host the Olympic Games. Each bidding phase gives rise

to a greater accumulation of experience on the part of the Istanbul Olympic Bidding Committee

(IOBC) and to further development of the city’s capability in preparing to host the Olympic

Games.

Every candidate city enjoys relative strengths in certain areas and relative weakness in others.

Istanbul is no exception. However, rather than trying to disguise or overlook its weaknesses,

Istanbul has chosen the course of realistically assessing and confronting them. In fact, Istanbul’s

bidding effort may best be seen as a competition where the city is its own contender and

constantly struggles to improve its performance. In that sense, Istanbul’s bidding experience

resembles that of an athlete training to participate in the Olympic Games.

What are the strong points of Istanbul’s candidacy?

Istanbul enjoys vigorous governmental support. The Turkish Olympic Law, enacted in 1992,

provides unequivocal evidence of the financial and administrative support of the State towards

preparations for and the organisation of the Olympic Games in Istanbul.

Istanbul’s candidacy also benefits from the strong backing of local government. The Mayor, as

well as two other representatives from the Greater Istanbul Municipality, is on the Istanbul

Olympic Bidding Committee that is responsible for the city’s candidacy.

The National Olympic Committee of Turkey, which will celebrate its centennial year in 2008, is

another body that provides the city with vital support. Istanbul benefits from the organisational

expertise that the NOC has built up over nearly a century, as well as from its concentrated

efforts to enhance Olympism in the country.

Equally significant is the solid public support of Istanbul’s candidacy. A nationwide survey

conducted by an independent international research company in November-December 2000

indicates that 90 percent of the public in Istanbul and in the country as a whole favour the

staging of the Olympic Games in Istanbul.

Established by the Turkish Olympic Law, the IOBC is responsible for Istanbul’s bidding effort at

present. It is a public body that has been constantly developing and implementing Istanbul’s

Olympic Project for the past eight years. The IOBC will immediately transform into the Istanbul

OCOG when the city is awarded the Games.

Under the same law, the Treasury of the Republic has allocated the IOBC 584 hectares of land

for the development of the Olympic Park. The Olympic and Media villages are located to the

immediate south of the Olympic Park, almost within walking distance.

Istanbul’s telecommunications infrastructure is among the most highly developed of the cities

of the world. Added to this, Turkey is one of only 16 countries to have their own national satellite

system.

Istanbul has extensive accommodation and outstanding congress facilities. With the planned

construction of the Media Village, the city can meet Olympic accommodation requirements with

its existing capacity.

Istanbul would be an ideal host city for the Olympic Games, with the wealth of its history, its

natural features and geographic location. It is a city of culture where religions and languages

have merged over thousands of years of co-existence. It is also a city that can host all 28 of the

Prologue 5

sports on the Olympic Summer Games programme. This is summarised in our key concept of

"one city – one village". Geographically, the term "central" that characterises Istanbul’s location,

also associates the city’s location with the centre of the world. Thus, Istanbul is ideally located

with respect to live coverage of the Games.

On the other hand, Istanbul also faces difficulties that it is consciously striving to overcome.

Istanbul, like all other large cities in the world, has to cope with heavy traffic. The Municipality

of Greater Istanbul is addressing this issue by developing and implementing comprehensive

infrastructure projects. As detailed under the transport theme of this candidature profile,

completion of the rapid transit system, and the LRT network in particular, will introduce

permanent solutions to the city’s traffic problems. Meanwhile, the IOBC is itself implementing

projects to meet the specific transport needs of the Olympic Games.

Another relative disadvantage is found in the need to develop Istanbul’s sports infrastructure.

Keenly aware of this need, the IOBC, the General Directorate of Youth and Sports, and the

Greater Istanbul Municipality, as well as private bodies, are investing heavily in the city’s sports

infrastructure. The IOBC, which also functions as an investment concern, has invested nearly

US$140 million in sports facilities over the past eight years. A case in point is the 80,000-seat

Olympic Stadium, of which 70 percent of the physical construction work has been finalised and

will be opened in December 2001. Likewise, the 22,000-spectator capacity Ataköy Dome is

about to be completed. Furthermore, the IOBC is able to carry out its task without recourse to

any additional taxes on the citizens.

Though Istanbul, as well as the country as a whole, has had wide experience in organising

European and World Championships in specific sports, the city has not organised any multi-

sport events so far. The IOBC is aware of this limitation and attaches special importance to

equipping the city with adequate facilities during the bidding process and to building experience

in hosting multi-sports events.

Despite the fact that the Olympic Games constitute the single greatest sporting event in the

world, their significance for Istanbul has additional depth. Research confirms that international

public opinion places the Olympics in a position of very high esteem, comparable to that of some

socially oriented institutions such as the Red Cross or UNICEF. Within the context of Istanbul,

the Olympic Games also have the character of a social project.

Turkey has the youngest population in Europe. With 20 million youngsters under the age of 14

and a mean population age of 26, it is a country that stands to benefit immensely from

developing the educational opportunities of sports. Awarding the Olympic Games to Istanbul will

add an exceptionally strong momentum to the city’s efforts towards this end. For Turkey, the

enduring legacy of the Games will lie in the development of a sporting culture and the

establishment of sports as a way of life, in addition to the enhancement of the country’s physical

sports infrastructure.

It is also worth emphasising that Istanbul’s candidacy has major significance not only for Turkey,

but also for the whole region of which the country is a part. At present, Istanbul is the largest

city of a country that is preparing for membership in the European Union. Throughout its

history, the city has bridged the cultures and civilisations of Asia and Europe. Istanbul’s being

awarded the honour of hosting the Olympic Games will greatly contribute to a swift flourishing

of the principles of the Olympic Truce in a region of the world that is so urgently in need of

peace.

Istanbul is competing in a long-distance race. Staying in the race, the city upholds the sporting

spirit of John Stephen Akhwari of Tanzania. We started the race, and our country expects us to

finish it.

1Volume Introduction 7

The ancient city of Istanbul is bidding to host the Youthful Games of the XXIX Olympiad 2008.

The historic capital of three empires, the only city in the world that bridges two continents,

and the pillar of merging civilisations, Istanbul continues to be the economic and cultural hub

of the modern Republic of Turkey, as well as the much wider region around it. Istanbul’s age-

old cosmopolitan character is termed "global" in our times, and as a global city Istanbul has

the benefit of political, economic and social conditions that will ensure due celebration of the

Olympic Games.

Throughout its three consecutive bidding processes, Istanbul has enjoyed the very strong

support of the general public, of all political parties represented in the Grand National

Assembly, and of national and the local governments, despite several elections that resulted

in changes in power. No institution or organisation, governmental or non-governmental, has

voiced opposition to Istanbul’s candidacy. Surveyed respondents who did voice opposition

mainly pointed to the inadequacy of the city’s sports infrastructure and lack of experience in

organising international multi-sport events.

Support for Istanbul’s candidacy found early expression in law. In 1992, the parliament

unanimously enacted the Turkish Olympic Law, establishing the Istanbul Olympic Games

Preparation and Organisation Council (IOBC) and making the Olympic Charter a part of

national legislation. The law not only equips the IOBC with all necessary administrative powers

and financial means, but also recognises the supreme authority of the IOC in all matters

relating to the Olympic Games.

The IOBC is keenly aware of the complexity of matters that relate to the Olympic Games. It co-

operates with various ministries and departments of central and local government on a range

of issues including the environment, customs and immigration formalities and Olympic work

permits, to name a few. With respect to environmental issues, it also benefits from NGO and

academic collaboration. Overall, it employs nearly 200 persons, 67 (aday adayl›¤›) of whom

are professional staff. Over the eight years of its existence, it has accumulated far-reaching

expertise that, by law, directly aims at organising the Istanbul Games.

The Turkish Olympic Law obliges all public bodies to provide priority service to the IOBC in its

preparations for and organisation of the Olympic Games in Istanbul. Furthermore, it commits

the Treasury of the Republic as the absolute guarantor for the entire cost of the Games. Under

the law, the IOBC itself is more than a mere bidding committee. A tri-partite public body

enjoying highest-level representation of the national government, the local government of

Istanbul and the NOC of Turkey, it is structured to transform into the Istanbul OCOG upon the

awarding of the Games.

Continuity of organisation, as well as support, marks Istanbul’s candidacy.

Political Institutional Systems 1.1

Support for Candidature 1.2

Election Calendar 1.3

Political Parties 1.4

Major Economic Resources 1.5

Per Capita Income 1.6

Inflation Rate 1.7

Bodies Represented in the IOBC 1.8

Popular Support 1.9

Other Localities 1.10

1.1 Les systèmes politiques institutionnels1.2 Soutien de la candidature1.3 Calendrier des élections1.4 Les partis politiques 1.5 Principales ressources economiques 1.6 Revenu par habitant1.7 Taux d’inflation1.8 Organismes représentés dans le CCOI1.9 Soutien populaire1.10 Autres localités

1National, Regionaland Candidate CityCharacteristics

Caractéristiquesnationales,

régionales et locales

1 1Volume Caractéristiques nationales, régionales et locales10

1 1Volume National, Regional and Candidate City Characteristics 11

1 1Volume National, Regional and Candidate City Characteristics 13

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONAL

SYSTEMS

The Republic of Turkey is a

parliamentary multiparty democracy. The

principle of secularism, the rule of law, and

a unitary system of government form the

basic tenets of her political constitution.

Parliamentary government is based on a

principle of separation of powers, under

which the executive is responsible to the

legislative and both are subject to the

supervision of the judiciary.

Executive authority is mainly vested in the

cabinet (the Council of Ministers) appointed

by the President of the Republic, subject to

the vote of confidence of a unicameral 550-

member parliament (the Grand National

Assembly). The president is elected by the

parliament every seven years, and shares

several executive powers with the cabinet.

The parliament itself is elected by universal

adult suffrage for a five-year term and

holds the power to go to the polls for early

elections. The independence of the

judiciary, including the Constitutional

Court, is assured by the constitution.

Local branches of the central government

are organised under governorships in

Turkey’s 81 provinces and more than 850

subordinate districts. Governorships are

responsible for the provision and

maintenance of common public services in

their respective administrative divisions

and have no administrative autonomy.

Provincial and district governors, appointed

by the cabinet, are the highest government

authorities in their respective divisions.

There is no level of regional government

between the central and provincial tiers.

Community services in all urban and

suburban settlements, on the other hand,

are administered by elected local

government bodies, that is, municipalities.

Besides local branches of the central

government therefore, every provincial and

district centre has as well their own elected

mayors, decision-making city councils, and

executive municipal councils. Furthermore,

local government in metropolitan areas is

controlled by greater municipalities that

have precedence over lesser municipalities

in the area as regards several decision-

making and executive powers.

The Greater Istanbul Municipality is Turkey’s

largest local government body, serving an

area that includes 27 lesser district

municipalities and 17 suburban municipalities.

All municipal bodies are elected for a five-

year term, and the Constitution denies both

the central government and the legislature

any power to alter such term. This provision

aims at safeguarding the autonomy of local

government against encroachments by the

central government.

Such autonomy ensures for municipalities

the powers of levying taxes at the local

level, setting tax rates for several main

types of services within a range established

by the central government, collecting taxes

for environmental regeneration, and

pricing community services supplied. In

addition, the municipalities are empowered

to mobilise local funds directly, create new

funds, and – as distinct from the central

government – enter into contracts with

third parties under private law. Municipal

revenues and expenditures are officially

audited by central government agencies.

SUPPORT FOR

CANDIDATURE

Istanbul’s candidature is endorsed by

a special law, passed quasi-unanimously by

the parliament in April 1992, making Turkey

the first and only country to have enacted

such a legal instrument.

The Turkish Olympic Law (No. 3796)

established the Istanbul Olympic Games

Preparation and Organisation Council, also

known as the Istanbul Olympic Bidding

11

21

1 1Volume National, Regional and Candidate City Characteristics 15

Committee (IOBC), and authorised it to take

all necessary action in the pursuit and

organisation of the Games. It recognises

and respects the supremacy of the IOC in

all Olympic matters. The law requires that

all public institutions and agencies, as well

as all local government bodies, give priority

to the requests of the IOBC in relation to

the pursuit and organisation of the Games.

The Olympic Law guarantees a continuous

flow of funds, both for the pursuit and the

organisation of the Games. These include: 1)

one percent of football betting revenue; 2)

five percent of the preceding year’s net

income of the National Lottery; 3) one

percent of the Housing Fund receipts; 4) an

annual appropriation from the

Consolidated Budget, the amount left to the

discretion of the legislature; 5) one percent

of the budget of the Greater Istanbul

Municipality; 6) one percent of the Horse

Racing Joint Wagers ticket sales.

The support of the Turkish government and

parliament for Istanbul’s bid to host the

Olympic Games was reconfirmed in June

2000, when the parliament ruled to put

into effect the government’s Eighth Five-

Year Development Plan for the period 2001-

2005, which decrees "the continuation of

the work to create the infrastructure

necessary for hosting the Olympic Games".

Original letters of support provided by

national and local authorities are included

under Theme 18, Ref. 18.1.

ELECTION CALENDAR

Under the present regulations, the

only general elections planned prior to

2008 are in the spring of 2004, when both

the national parliament and local

government bodies will go to the polls. The

Constitution rules out holding of any local

elections earlier or later than that date, or

before 2009 for the next term.

POLITICAL PARTIES AND

THEIR POSITION TOWARDS

HOSTING OF OLYMPIC

GAMES

At the last general election, held on 18

April 1999, five major parties succeeded in

winning the support of at least 10 percent

of the national electorate, passing the

threshold to enter parliament. The

following table shows their respective

shares in the popular vote at large and the

votes cast in the province of Istanbul, and

the resulting distribution of seats in the

parliament. It also features the partition of

cabinet ministries among the three parties

that constitute Turkey’s current ruling

coalition government.

All of the five major political parties have

already confirmed with the IOBC their full

support for Istanbul’s hosting the Olympic

Games. Such support includes a

commitment to back the Government in all

the measures that it would take, in case the

city is awarded the Games, to help prepare

Istanbul for a successful staging of the

Olympics.

MAJOR ECONOMIC

RESOURCES

The percentage distribution of

Turkey’s and Istanbul’s GDP by main

economic sectors for the past decade is

given below in table form. The table also

features the latest available data, from

Political parties

Share in popular

vote %

(last parliamentary

elections in April

1999)

Number of

seats in the

national

legislature

Number

of cabinet

ministries

held

Turkey Istanbul

Democratic Left Party 22.2 29.7 135 13*

Nationalist Action Party 18.0 10.1 127 12

Virtue Party 15.4 21.3 103

Motherland Party 13.2 15.8 88 10

True Path Party 12.0 5.4 84

Other 15 parties

(not represented

in the Parliament) 18.3 17.7 -

Independents 0.9 0.1 7

Total 100 100 544** 35

* Including the Office of the Prime Minister

** Six seats have fallen vacant since April 1999 due to deaths of sitting MPs.

51

31

41

1 1Volume National, Regional and Candidate City Characteristics 17

1998, on such distribution for the Marmara

Region. Please note that in 1998 Istanbul

and the Marmara Region accounted for 21.7

and 37.9 percent of Turkey’s GDP

respectively.

Per capita GDP in Istanbul and the Marmara

Region in 1998 was, respectively, US$4,645

and US$4,514 in nominal terms, and

US$9,833 and US$9,629 in real (PPP)

terms.

Great differences between per capita GDP

figures calculated in PPP terms and those

measured in nominal terms reflect the

significantly lower level of prices in Turkey

than in many OECD countries. To judge by

the most recently calculated PPPs, in

August 2000, when the US is taken as the

1990 2,655 4,644

1991 2,603 4,761

1992 2,682 5,024

1993 2,981 5,467

1994 2,173 5,336

1995 2,727 5,581

1996 2,888 5,966

1997 3,021 6,443

1998 3,176 6,723

1999 2,846 6,078

Sources : SIS

YearsPer capita GDP in US$

(nominal)

Per capita GDP in US$ (in terms of purchasing power

parity)

PER CAPITA INCOME

The figures for per capita GDP in

Turkey for the last decade are given below

in table form, in both nominal and real

terms. Real GDP figures are calculated

using respective purchasing power parity

(PPP) rates, that is, the rates of TL/US$

conversion that eliminate differences in

price levels between Turkey and the US.

(See paragraph 1.7 below)

61

Agriculture 15.7 1.4 16.9 1.0 14.5 0.7 17.5 0.6 5.2 15.0

Industry 26.3 32.7 25.2 30.7 25.3 29.6 22.9 28 33.8 23.2

Mining & quarrying 1.3 0.3 1.2 0.2 1.2 0.2 1.1 0.3 0.4 1.1

Manufacturing 22.6 30.2 21.1 28.3 21.6 27.1 19.4 25.2 31.2 19.2

Energy 2.5 2.1 2.8 2.2 2.6 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.2 2.9

Services 58 65.9 58 68.3 60.2 69.7 59.6 71.4 61.0 61.7

Construction 5.5 4.2 5.8 5.2 6 4.6 6 5.6 5.6 5.6

Trade 20.5 27.8 20.5 30.4 20.8 31.2 19.9 31.9 23.7 19.1

Transport &

communication 12.6 13.7 13.1 15.6 13.9 14.6 13.6 14.6 13.2 13.8

Other services 19.4 20.2 18.6 17.1 19.5 19.3 20.1 19.3 18.5 23.2

Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

Economic

Sectors

Distribution of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by economic sectors (%)

1990

Turkey Istanbul

1991

Turkey Istanbul

1992

Turkey Istanbul

1993

Turkey Istanbul

1994

Turkey Istanbul

Agriculture 17.5 1.4 15.2 1.1 15 0.9 15.4 1.2 15.5 1.1

Industry 25.5 31.6 25.9 30.9 25.6 31.2 24.5 30.5 26.4 32.5

Mining & quarrying 1.6 0.5 1.5 0.4 1.4 0.5 1.1 0.4 1.4 0.4

Manufacturing 22.0 29.8 22.2 29.1 21.6 29.3 20.8 28.5 22.1 30.2

Energy 2.0 1.2 2.2 1.3 2.6 1.5 2.6 1.6 2.9 1.9

Services 57.0 67.0 58.8 68.0 59.4 67.9 60.2 68.3 58.2 66.4

Construction 6.3 4.7 7.0 5.2 6.8 5.0 7.4 5.8 6.8 5.5

Trade 19.1 26.7 18.6 25.9 18.5 25.7 18.6 25.8 19.7 28.0

Transport &

communication 11.8 12.3 11.8 12.8 12.2 14.2 12.0 14.1 13.3 16.0

Other services 19.8 23.3 21.4 24.1 21.9 23 22.2 22.6 18.4 16.9

Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

1995

Turkey Istanbul

1996

Turkey Istanbul

1997

Turkey Istanbul

1998

Turkey Istanbul*

1999

Marmara* Turkey

* Last available data on sectoral GDP distribution for Istanbul and the Marmara Region Sources: State Institute of Statistics (SIS);

State Planning Organisation (SPO).

base-country (100 points), the general

comparative price level index for Turkey

was 55 points, against 82 points for

Canada, 91 points for France, and 160

points for Japan.

In other words, in August 2000, a given

sum of money converted in current

exchange rates would buy in Turkey a

basket of goods 1.8 times greater in value

than that it would do in the US. Such

purchasing power coefficients comparing

Turkey to the other three countries

mentioned above were 1.5 times with

Canada, 1.7 times with France, and 2.9

times with Japan.

INFLATION RATE

Data on the inflation rate and the

average rates of TL to the US$ for the past

decade are provided below in table form.

1 Percentage change over the previous end-year2 Yearly average3 Mid-year

Source: SIS

YearsInflation rate

% 1

Average rate of TLto the US$ (nominal

rate) 2

Average rate of TLto the US$(PPP rate) 2

1990 48.6 2,608 1,491

1991 59.2 4,170 2,280

1992 61.4 6,869 3,667

1993 60.3 10,986 5,990

1994 149.6 29,704 12,096

1995 64.9 45,705 22,334

1996 84.9 81,137 39,275

1997 90.9 151,429 71,000

1998 54.3 260,040 122,850

1999 62.9 417,581 195,532

2000 32.7 618,9853 n/a

71

1 1Volume National, Regional and Candidate City Characteristics 19

Year-on-year inflation at the end of 2000

is 30 percentage points below the previous

year’s figure, and the lowest since 1986.

This sharp decline has been made possible

by a disinflation and fiscal adjustment

programme followed by the Turkish

Government and monetary authorities,

supported by the International Monetary

Fund (IMF) through a three-year stand-by

arrangement in force through December

2002.

The recent joint letter of intent of the

Turkish Government and the Central Bank

of Turkey to the IMF (15 November 2000)

sets year-on-year inflation rates for 2001

and 2002 at 10 percent and seven percent

respectively. Subsequent years are

strongly expected to see a stabilisation of

the inflation rate at single-digit levels

comparable with the Euro ( ) area, as

Turkey prepares to join the European

Union.

Turkey’s current exchange rate policy, on

the other hand, follows a framework

introduced by the Central Bank in

December 1999. The framework consists

of a pre-determined exchange rate path

with respect to a basket composed of

US$1 + 0.77, announced in daily terms

for the period 1 January 2000–31

December 2001. The framework allows for

no band around the exchange rate path

for the first 18 months. A gradual shift

toward a more flexible exchange rate

regime will begin on 1 July 2001, when a

symmetric, progressively widening band

about the central exchange rate path will

be introduced. This band will widen at a

rate of 15 percentage points per annum,

measured from edge to edge. The total

width of the band will thus reach 7.5

percent by end-December 2001, 15 percent

by end-June 2002, and 22.5 percent by

end-December 2002.

The pre-announced exchange rate path

targets the rate of TL to the US$1 + 0.77

basket for end-December 2001 at

TL 1 , 322 ,529 a t the h ighest , and

TL 1,226,924 at the lowest. Experts

forecast that such a target may imply a

rate of around TL 770,000 to the US$ by

end-December 2001. They maintain that

overall exchange rate stability thus

ensured will result in a balanced increase

in the TL’s rate to the US$ with increments

parallel to single-digit domestic inflation

rates in the following years.

BODIES REPRESENTED IN

THE CANDIDATURE

COMMITTEE

The Turkish Olympic Law that

founded the Istanbul Olympic Bidding

Committee (IOBC) strikes a critical

balance in its composition. It brings

together in the 13-member committee the

representatives of a very broad range of

government and city authorities, as well

as those of the NOC administration. The

IOBC is chaired by the Minister of State in

charge of Youth and Sports. Its

membership includes the Governor of

Istanbul, an ambassador appointed by the

Foreign Ministry, the Mayor of Greater

Istanbul and two members appointed by

the latter, the General Director of Youth and

Sports and two members appointed by the

latter, the President of the NOC of Turkey

and two members appointed by the latter,

and the Secretary General of the NOC.

POPULAR SUPPORT

Since Istanbul’s first Olympic bid to

host the 2000 Olympic Games, her

candidature has enjoyed the strong

support of both the general Turkish public

and Istanbulites. Two recent opinion polls,

taken by Taylor Nelson-Sofres-PIAR at the

end of November 2000, reconfirm that a

great majority of Turkey’s and Istanbul’s

citizens favour the city’s candidature.

One of these polls was conducted in 11 of

Turkey’s provinces, statistically

representative of the country’s entire adult

(over 18 years of age) urban population, and

the other among Istanbulites, sampled to

81

91

1 1Volume National, Regional and Candidate City Characteristics 21

represent all of the province’s adult

inhabitants. Results revealed that 88

percent of the general Turkish public, and

89 percent of Istanbulites, support

Istanbul’s bid to host the Olympic Games.

Foremost among the reasons given by

respondents for favouring Istanbul’s

candidature was the opportunity that

playing host to the Games would offer for

elevating the world’s perception of Turkey.

Other reasons include the following

expectations, in the order of importance

attached:

■ an increased popular interest and

involvement in sports,

■ enhanced sports infrastructure and

facilities, and

■ diversification of sports other than

football throughout the country.

In general, survey respondents attached a

very high value to the importance of the

Olympic Games as an international event.

For 60 percent of Turkish citizens at large,

and 61 percent of Istanbul’s inhabitants,

the Olympic Games exceed in importance

all other international events that Turkey

has ever hosted or may consider hosting

in the future. The most important

features, for respondents, that distinguish

the Olympic Games from other

international events were:

■ their contribution to a better knowledge

of the host countries and cities all

around the world,

■ the participation of almost all nations of

the world,

■ the upholding of a philosophy of peace,

brotherhood, and unity between

nations, and

■ the Olympic programme’s coverage of

the widest possible range of sports.

Even those respondents, in both polls, who

seemed to withhold their support from

Istanbul’s Olympic bid mentioned at least

one aspect in which Turkey or Istanbul

would benefit from hosting the Games.

These include, but were not restricted to:

■ the contribution to the city’s well-being

and the creation of new job

opportunities,

■ the contribution to an improved

infrastructure and transport system in

the city, and

■ the promotion of international cultural

exchange.

Disagreement with Istanbul’s candidature,

on the other hand, was justified mainly on

the grounds that:

■ Istanbul currently lacks sufficient sports

infrastructure to host an event of such

size, and that Turkey does not have

sufficient experience in international

multi-sport events, and

■ Istanbul’s problems in the area of urban

transportation would make staging such

an event difficult.

In general, survey respondents, including

those who disagreed with Istanbul’s bid,

consider the city’s existing accommodation

capacities and communications infrastructure

fairly adequate (rated 3–3.5 points on a scale

of "5") for playing host to the Olympic Games.

OTHER LOCALITIES

Localities other than the city of

Istanbul identified to stage events for the

2008 Olympic Games will be the cities of

Bursa, Izmir, and Kocaeli, sites proposed

for preliminary football events. Bursa and

Kocaeli are neighbouring cities, the

former to the south of Istanbul across the

Sea of Marmara, the latter adjacent to

Istanbul to the east. Izmir on the Aegean

coast is Turkey's third largest city and the

second largest seaport.

Original letters of support from the

competent authorities of these localities

are included under Theme 18, Ref. 18.2.

101

Fulfilment of Obligations 2.1

Respect of the Olympic Charter by the Government 2.1.1

Respect of the Olympic Charter by Local Authorities 2.1.2

Candidature and Games-Organising Committees 2.2

Legal Entity Responsible for Candidature 2.2.1

Games-Organising Committee (OCOG) 2.2.2

Olympic Mark Protection 2.3

Ambush Marketing 2.4

Measures to Prevent Ambush Marketing 2.4.1

Provisions Related to Marketing Programmes 2.4.2

Prior Agreements of No Effect 2.5

Language 2.6

2. 1 Exécution des obligations2.1.1 Respect de la charte olympique par le gouvernement2.1.2 Respect de la charte olympique par les autorités locales 2.2 Comités de candidature et d’organisation des Jeux2.2.1 Entité juridique responsable de la candidature 2.2.2 Comité d’Organisation des Jeux (COJO)2.3 Protection des marques olympiques2.4 Marketing pirate2.4.1 Mesures pour prévenir le marketing pirate2.4.2 Dispositions relatives aux programmes de marketing 2.5 Accords préalables sans portée2.6 Langue

2 Legal AspectsAspects Juridiques

the 2000 and 2004 Games. Under the said

law, the IOBC is also endowed with more

than sufficient finances to pursue its bid, as

described in paragraph 1.2 above.

The 13-member IOBC is chaired by the

Minister of State in charge of for Youth and

Sport. The other 12 members include the

Governor of Istanbul, the Mayor of Greater

Istanbul, the President and the Secretary-

General of the NOC of Turkey, the General

Director of Youth and Sports (GDYS), an

ambassador from the Ministry of Foreign

Affairs, and two representatives each from

the Greater Istanbul Municipality, the NOC

of Turkey and the GDYS.

Persons authorised to sign contracts and

other documents on behalf of Istanbul are

Mr. Fikret Ünlü, Chairman of the IOBC and

the Minister of State in charge of for Youth

and Sport; Mr. Ali Müfit Gürtuna, Vice-

Chairman of the IOBC and the Mayor of

Greater Istanbul; and Mr. Sinan Erdem, IOC

member, Vice-Chairman of the IOBC and

the President of the NOC of Turkey.

A declaration by city authorities

confirming the above is included under

Theme 18, Ref. 18.5.

Games-organising

committee (OCOG)

In the event of Istanbul being awarded

the 2008 Olympic Games, the IOBC will

become the Organising Committee of the

Olympic Games (OCOG).

1 2Volume Legal Aspects 25

FULFILMENT OF

OBLIGATIONS

Respect of the Olympic

Charter by the national

Government

A covenant signed by the Prime

Minister of Turkey to this effect, including a

guarantee of free access by all accredited

persons to Turkey as the host country and

their free movement therein, is provided

under Theme 18, Ref. 18.3.

Respect of the Olympic

Charter by involved local

authorities

Covenants to this effect signed by the

Governor of ‹stanbul and the Mayor of

Greater Istanbul are provided under Theme

18, Ref. 18.4.

CANDITATURE AND

GAMES-ORGANISING

COMMITTEES

Legal entity responsible for

candidature; financing of

candidature

The legal entity responsible for

Istanbul’s candidature is the Istanbul

Olympic Games Preparation and

Organisation Council, also known as the

Istanbul Olympic Bidding Committee

(IOBC). It was created by the Turkish

Olympic Law of 1992, with the dual mission

of both bidding for the Games and

preparing the city for their actual

organisation.

It was in this capacity that the IOBC has

tendered Istanbul’s two previous bids, for

12

22

1

1

2

1

2

2

2

1

2

2

2

2

1 2Volume Legal Aspects 27

OLYMPIC MARK

PROTECTION

Protection of Olympic insignia in

Turkey is ensured by the Turkish Olympic

Law that recognises the supremacy of the

IOC’s authority in all Olympic matters and

makes the Olympic Charter an integral part

of national legislation in force. In particular,

the law makes any commercial,

promotional or other utilisation of the

Olympic name and logo subject to the

authorisation of the IOBC.

In addition to the above:

■ Since 1995, Turkey has recognised the

unreserved applicability of the Paris

Convention for the Protection of

Industrial Property. This brings all

insignia, industrial or otherwise, duly

registered in any member country, under

full legal protection in all other member

countries. It also enables the prosecution

of this protection by rights holders in

every member country through the

intermediary of authorised national

agents.

■ The Decree-law of 1995 on the

Protection of Trademarks (No. 556)

makes international conventions on the

protection of insignia an integral part of

Turkey's national legislation, and is

indeed even superior to it. Among such

international instruments are, besides

the above-mentioned Paris Convention,

the convention establishing the World

Intellectual Property Organisation

(ratified by Turkey in 1975), the

Agreement on Trade Related Intellectual

Property Rights (ratified in 1995), and

the Nice Agreement on the International

Classification of Goods and Services with

regard to the registration of trademarks

(ratified in 1995). All these instruments

enable rights holders to take legal action

in Turkey if their rights are infringed

upon by nationals of third countries via

the importation of material.

■ The Decree-law No. 556 also provides

the legal framework under which the NOC

of Turkey and the IOBC may take legal

action against attempts to mislead the

public with the use of marks or designs

very similar to the Olympic insignia. These

two bodies are thereby empowered to

demand, through legal action, the

immediate termination of any acts

infringing upon their rights, and the

indemnification of material and immaterial

losses caused by the infringement. They

are also empowered to request

precautionary measures be taken.

■ Finally, Turkey is a member country of

the additional protocol of the Madrid

Agreement on the International

Registration of Trademarks, an

international system for obtaining trade

mark protection for a number of

countries (48 as of November 2000)

using a single application.

For a declaration by the Minister of Interior

of Turkey stipulating that all the necessary

legal measures will be taken to facilitate

the protection of Olympic marks, please

refer to Theme 18, Ref. 18.6.

AMBUSH MARKETING

Measures against ambush

marketing

Turkish commercial law prohibits as

an act of unfair competition any attempt to

deceive consumers by employing any

marks, signs, symbols, or designs

whatsoever that may be mistaken for

those rightfully used by others. It also

entitles the legally recognised rights

holder to demand from authorised courts

42

4

1

2

32

1 2Volume Legal Aspects 29

the immediate adoption and application of

precautionary measures, in expectation of

a definitive judgement, which may be not

less than one month of imprisonment plus

a fine and an indemnity.

The Municipal Police have strong powers to

enforce bans on illicit trade. In co-operation

with the Municipal Police, the Istanbul

OCOG will exercise the powers entrusted to

it under the Olympic Law to order the

confiscation of any item being marketed

under conditions that infringe upon the

rights of the Olympic sponsors. These

powers will be exercised both in the vicinity

of the Olympic sites and in the city and its

environs, including the coastal area.

The control of the use of airspace for

publicity purposes belongs to the office of

the Governor of every province. The

Governorship of ‹stanbul is already

represented in the IOBC and will also be,

pursuant to the Turkish Olympic Law, part

of the structure of the Istanbul OCOG. This

will ensure for the Istanbul OCOG direct

control of the airspace over Istanbul during

the Games period, so as to guarantee that

no publicity is allowed in such airspace. The

office of the Governors of other cities that

will host football preliminaries, Bursa,

Kocaeli, and ‹zmir, will also act in this

respect according to the clause of the

Turkish Olympic Law (Article 14) that binds

all public authorities to give priority to the

interests of the Istanbul OCOG.

All billboard advertising, promotional

street activities and advertising in and on

publicly and privately owned buses, other

motor vehicles, inner-city railway and

underground trains, trams and sea ferries

in Istanbul is controlled by the Greater

Istanbul Municipality, which will be fully

represented on the OCOG by law. This will

enable the Istanbul OCOG to ensure

Olympic sponsor exclusivity in relation to

these types of publicity activities. Under

the Turkish Olympic Law, the Greater

Istanbul Municipality is committed to

control street vending and other

marketing programmes in the vicinity of

Olympic venues, with a view to not

compromising any aspects of the visual

representation of the Games. This will

ensure the integrity of the Olympic

movement and the Games, and uphold the

image of the Games, the host city, and the

local citizenry.

Furthermore, a binding contract with the

Greater Istanbul Municipality will guarantee

for the Istanbul OCOG full control of all

billboard and transport advertising in the

city for the duration of the Games and the

month preceding the Games, to support the

whole marketing programme (see

paragraph 6.6 in Theme 6.)

Finally, control of advertising in all airports

owned and operated by the State Airports

Authority, including the Atatürk

International Airport, the Çorlu Airport, the

Cengiz Topel Airport in Kocaeli, and the

Adnan Menderes Airport in ‹zmir, will be

ensured through the co-operation of the

Authority. This is pursuant to its statutory

obligation to give priority to the interests

of the Istanbul OCOG. The Aviation

Industries Inc., a partnership of several

public companies led by a department of

the Defense Ministry, will also co-operate

with the Istanbul OCOG in preventing

ambush marketing in the Sabiha Gökçen

Airport, which it will start operating in

Pendik, an eastern district of the province

of Istanbul, in early 2001.

Provisions against possible

marketing programmes that

would affect Olympic

marketing programmes

The Turkish Olympic Law grants the

IOBC and the future Istanbul OCOG the

4

2

2

1 2Volume Legal Aspects 31

exclusive authority to endorse any

advertising, sponsorship and marketing

activity that may have any association with

the preparation and organisation of the

Olympic Games. Such authority ensures

that there will be no marketing

programmes organised by national

federations, sports organisations or any

other public or private entity in Turkey

referring to, or implying any connection

with, the Olympic Games, any Olympic team

or the year 2008.

In addition, the Joint Marketing Programme

Agreement to be signed between the

Istanbul OCOG and the NOC of Turkey will

include the marketing rights of all national

sports federations. Thus, pursuant to the

relevant clauses of the Host City Contract,

the NOC’s signature on the Joint Marketing

Programme Agreement will guarantee the

compliance of all national federations with

the NOC’s obligations pertaining to

marketing (see paragraph 6.1.1 in Theme6).

PRIOR AGREEMENTS OF NO

EFFECT

Neither the city of Istanbul nor the

NOC of Turkey have to date entered into

any agreements that will remain in effect

after the date the Host City for the 2008

Olympic Games is chosen. The NOC’s

current agreements with its sponsors

include no clauses that grant any options or

rights of renewal that would result in such

agreements being in effect after that date.

Therefore, current agreements signed with

third parties by the city authorities or the

NOC of Turkey will not jeopardise, prevent

or make impossible the fulfillment of any

provision of the Host City Contract.

LANGUAGE

The official language of Istanbul's

candidature is English.

62

52

Immigration and Visa Regulations 3.1

Health and Vaccination Regulations 3.2

Importation, Use and Export of Goods 3.3

Special Products 3.4

Freedom to Broadcast 3.5

Import Restrictions on 3.6

Foreign Publications

3.1 Formalités concernant l’immigration et les visas3.2 Santé et règlement des vaccinations3.3 Importation, utilisation et exportation de

marchandises3.4 Produits spéciaux3.5 Liberté de publication3.6 Restrictions à l’importation de publications

étrangères

3Customs and

Immigration Formalities

Immigration etformalités douanières

1 3Volume Customs and Immigration Formalities 35

IMMIGRATION AND VISA

REGULATIONS

Turkish Passport Law (No. 5682)

generally requires that all visitors present

valid passports or other official travel

documents at ports of entry.

Depending upon the type of passport held

and duration of stay, nationals of many

countries are exempt from requiring an

entry visa. These countries are listed below

by period of visa exemption and type of

passport held.

13

Period of visa Nationals of countries holding Nationals of countries holding

exemption ordinary passport official passport

Three months Argentina, Bahamas, Bahrain, Barbados, Belize,

Canada, Chile, Denmark, Ecuador, El Salvador,

Fiji, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Grenada,

Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,

Iceland, Iran, Israel, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya,

Kuwait, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malaysia,

Malta, Mauritius, Monaco, Morocco, Norway,

New Zealand, Oman, Qatar, St. Lucia, St. Marino,

Saudi Arabia, Seychelles, Singapore, South

Korea, Sweden, Switzerland, Trinidad-Tobago,

Tunisia, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus,

United Arab Emirates, Uruguay, Vatican

Period of visa issued Nationals of countries holding

at port of entry ordinary passport

Three months Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Holland, Ireland, Italy, Portugal, Spain,

United Kingdom, USA

One month Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary,

Jordan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Poland, Russia, Slovakia, Taiwan,

Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Yugoslavia

15 days Georgia, Guatemala

Albania, Algeria, Argentina, Austria, Azerbaijan,

Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados,

Belgium, Belarus, Belize, Brazil, Canada, Chile,

Cuba, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt,

El Salvador, Fiji, Finland, France, Gambia,

Georgia, Germany, Greece, Grenada, Holland,

Hong-Kong Special Administrative Region,

Iceland, Iran, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya,

Kuwait, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg,

Malaysia, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico (diplomatic),

Monaco, Morocco, New Zealand, Norway, Oman,

Pakistan, Peru, Poland, Qatar, St. Lucia, St.

Marino, Saudi Arabia, Seychelles, Singapore,

Slovakia, South Korea, Spain, Sweden,

Switzerland, Thailand, Trinidad-Tobago, Tunisia,

Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, United

Arab Emirates, Ukraine, Uruguay, Vatican

Two months Bosnia- Herzegovina, Croatia, Indonesia,

Macedonia, Romania, Slovenia

Afghanistan (diplomatic), Bosnia-Herzegovina,

Croatia, Indonesia, Macedonia, Romania,

Slovenia

One month Bolivia, Costa Rica, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan,

Maldives, South Africa

Bolivia, Bulgaria (diplomatic), Costa Rica, Estonia

(diplomatic), Hungary, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan,

Latvia (diplomatic), Maldives, Moldova, Mongolia,

People’s Republic of China, South Africa,

Turkmenistan, Vietnam (diplomatic), Yemen

Ordinary passport holding nationals of

many other countries may enter Turkey on

the basis of a visa issued at international

ports of entry. The following table lists

these countries by duration of stay.

1 3Volume Customs and Immigration Formalities 37

Furthermore, citizens of Germany,

Belgium, France, The Netherlands,

Luxembourg, Spain, Italy, Malta,

Switzerland and Greece may enter the

country through various land border gates,

sea ports or airports with identity cards

other than passports according to the

“Agreement on the Travel of Individuals”

dated 13.12.1957.

Nationals of all other countries must get

entry visas from Turkish embassies or

consulates abroad in advance of their

arrival.

Legislation on general visa requirements

stipulates that foreigners visiting Turkey

on the occasion of national or international

festivals, sports events, meetings and

congresses be given special treatment so

far as entry visas and residence permits

are concerned. Under the Turkish Olympic

Law (No. 3796), Olympic identity and

accreditation cardholders are assured of

even more privileged terms and will not be

required to obtain entry visas.

The Turkish Olympic Law and the Ministry

of the Interior fully guarantee that all

holders of Olympic identity cards

(including doctors, media representatives,

etc.) will be able to carry out their Olympic

duties for the period specified in the

candidature manual. The Ministry of the

Interior further guarantees that the

temporary entry of non-Olympic identity

and accreditation card-holding personnel

arriving for the organisation of the Games

will be authorised and that such persons

will be issued appropriate work permits to

carry out their Games-related tasks (see

Theme 18, Ref. 18.7).

HEALTH AND VACCINATION

REGULATIONS

The Turkish Ministry of Health

observes United Nations World Health

Organisation (WHO) regulations and

Turkish Law No. 1593 on general hygiene as

regards health and vaccination

requirements within and across national

boundaries. It receives regular reports

from Turkish embassies and consular

offices abroad on the incidence of certain

contagious diseases (cholera, plague,

yellow fever, typhus, smallpox and any

other epidemic specified by the Ministry)

with a view to informing the governments

concerned of specific measures to be taken

(Articles 37, 48, 51, 54, and 56).

The International Health Statute (IHS),

based on Articles 21 and 22 of the WHO

Charter, was ratified by the Turkish

Parliament in 1954 (Law No. 6368). The

public authority responsible for the

implementation of the IHS at ports of entry

(Hudut ve Sahiller Sa¤l›k Genel Müdürlü¤ü

/ the General Directorate of Health for

Borders and Coasts) requires no certificate

of vaccination except as necessitated by

the weekly WHO bulletin on epidemics.

IMPORTATION, USE AND

EXPORT OF GOODS

Under Articles 14 and 17 of the Turkish

Olympic Law, the IOC, IFs, NOCs and their

delegations, the media, sponsors and

suppliers will be able to import, use and

export any goods that they require in

relation to their Games-related obligations.

The Ministry of State responsible for

Customs further guarantees that the said

goods will be free from all customs duties

(see Theme 18, Ref. 18.8).

23

33

1 3Volume Customs and Immigration Formalities 39

SPECIAL PRODUCTS

Among the special products and

equipment required by members of the

Olympic Family, importation of firearms

and ammunition is subject to registration

with Customs authorities at ports of entry

(Law No. 3136), while that of foodstuffs and

medical products, must comply with

relevant Turkish standards (TS).

FREEDOM TO BROADCAST

No restrictions are imposed on the

use of media material produced in Turkish

territory and intended principally for

broadcast outside the country.

IMPORT RESTRICTIONS ON

FOREIGN PUBLICATIONS

Legislation on importation of foreign

newspapers, periodicals and other

publications (Article 31 of Law No. 5680, as

amended in 1983) does not impose any

restrictions by title or quantity. Rather, it

authorises the Cabinet to prohibit

importation or distribution of foreign

publications which are subversive, or which

constitute a threat to national security,

public good, morality or health.

43

53

63

Environment A.

Map 4.1

Public Management of The Environment 4.2

and Natural Resources

Ocog’s Planned Environmental 4.3

Management System (EMS)

Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA) 4.4

Environmental Projects and Technology 4.5

Guarantee 4.6

Special Features 4.7

Meteorology B.

Temperature and Humidity 4.8

Precipitation 4.9

Altitude 4.10

A. Environnement4.1 Carte4.2 Gestion publique de l’environnement et des

ressources naturelles4.3 Système de gestion environnementale (SGE) prévu

par le COJO4.4 Evaluation de l’impact environnemental (EIE)4.5 Projets et technologies de l’environnement.4.6 Garantie4.7 Caractéristiques particulièresB. Météorologie4.8 Température et humidité4.9 Précipitations4.10 Altitude

4Environmental

Protection and

Meteorology

Protection del’environnement et Meteorologie

1 4Volume Environmental Protection and Meteorology 43

ENVIRONMENTA

MAP14

Name District/Location

Walls of Constantine Eminönü

Aqueduct of (Emperor) Valens Saraçhane

Ayasofya (Haghia Sophia, St. Sophia) Eminönü

Aya Irini (Haghia Eirene, St. Irene) Eminönü

Church of St. Theodosia - Gül Mosque Fatih

Church of Pantocrator -

Zeyrek Church Mosque Fatih

Church of Theotokos Pammakaristos -

Fethiye Mosque Fatih

Church of Constantine Lips -

Fenari Isa Mosque Fatih

Church of St. Saviour in Chora -

Kariye Mosque Fatih

Church of SS.Sergius and Bacchus -

Küçük Ayasofya Mosque Eminönü

Basilica Cistern - Yerebatan Saray Eminönü

Cistern of a Thousand-and-

one Columns - Binbirdirek Eminönü

Column of Constantine - Çemberlitafl Eminönü

Cistern of Aspar Fatih

Cistern of Aetios Fatih

Cistern of St. Mocius Fatih

Castle of Seven Towers - Yedikule Fatih

Church of SS Paul and Dominic -

Arap Mosque Beyo¤lu

Galata Tower Beyo¤lu

Column of Marcian - K›ztafl› Fatih

The Old Palace Eminönü

Tophane - The Canon House Beyo¤lu

Tiled Pavilion - Çinili Köflk Eminönü

Murat Pafla Mosque Fatih

Simkeflhane Eminönü

Topkap› Palace Eminönü

Galatasaray Beyo¤lu

Davut Pafla Mosque Fatih

Name District/Location

Beyazidiye Eminönü

Haseki Hürrem Mosque Fatih

Mihrimah Mosque Fatih

fiehzade Mosque -

The Mosque of the Prince Eminönü

Sultan Selim Mosque Fatih

Rüstem Pafla Mosque Eminönü

Süleymaniye Mosque Eminönü

F›nd›kl› Mosque Beyo¤lu

Sokollu Mehmet Pafla Mosque Eminönü

K›l›ç Ali Pafla Mosque Beyo¤lu

Blue Mosque (Sultanahmet Mosque) Eminönü

Cerrah Pafla Mosque Fatih

Spice Bazaar Eminönü

Fountain of Ahmet III Eminönü

Fatih Mosque Fatih

Nuruosmaniye Mosque Eminönü

Rag›p Pafla Library Eminönü

Laleli Mosque Eminönü

Mosque and Shrine of Eyüp Eyüp

Beyaz›t Tower Eminönü

Nusretiye Mosque Beyo¤lu

Taflk›flla Taksim

Pertevniyal Mosque Aksaray

Ayasofya Hamam› - Baths of Roxelana Eminönü

Ca¤alo¤lu Bath Eminönü

Alay Köflkü (The Review Pavilion) Eminönü

Bâb›âli - Sublime Porte Eminönü

The New Mosque Eminönü

Mahmut Pafla Mosque Eminönü

Covered Bazaar Eminönü

Büyük Yeni Han Eminönü

Hasan Pafla Han› Eminönü

Galata Bedesten Beyo¤lu

Sirkeci Railway Station Eminönü

Name District/Location

Istanbul Lycée Eminönü

Harikzedegân Apartments Eminönü

Vak›f Han (I-V) Eminönü

Dolmabahçe Palace Befliktafl

Beylerbeyi Palace Üsküdar

Y›ld›z Chalet Befliktafl

Ihlamur (Linden) Palace Befliktafl

Maslak Palace Sar›yer

Küçüksu Palace Beykoz

Palace of Aynal›kavak Beyo¤lu

Florya Atatürk Lodge Bak›rköy

Tahsin Pafla (Filizi) Mansion Kad›köy

Alibey Mosque Silivri

Fatih Mosque Silivri

Piri Mehmed Pafla Mosque Silivri

Mosque of Bekirli Köyü Silivri

Selimpafla Church Selimpafla

Mimar Sinan Bridge - Long Bridge Silivri

Sokullu Mehmet Pafla Külliyesi Büyükçekmece

Topuzlu Aqueduct Belgrad Forest

The Big Aqueduct Belgrad Forest

Aqueduct of Sultan Mahmud I Belgrad Forest

Ayvaz Aqueduct Belgrad Forest

Valide Aqueduct Belgrad Forest

Kirazl› Aqueduct Belgrad Forest

Sadullah Pafla Yal›s› Çengelköy

Rasim Pafla Yal›s› Kanl›ca

Selimiye Barracks Üsküdar

Befliktafl, Haydarpafla, Kad›köy,

Rumelihisar›, Kandilli Ferry-Terminals Bosphorus

Burhaneddin Efendi Yal›s› Yeniköy

Sait Halim Pafla Yal›s› Yeniköy

Bekir and Tahsin Bey Yal›s› Yeniköy

Khedive Palace Çubuklu

Fethi Pafla Yal›s› Kuzguncuk

Name District/Location

Abdullah Pafla Yal›s› Çengelköy

Server Bey Yal›s› Kandilli

Russian Embassy Büyükdere

French Embassy Tarabya

Egyptian Embassy Bebek

Palace of Beykoz Beykoz

Sadberk Han›m Yal›s› Sar›yer

Italian Embassy Tarabya

German Embassy Tarabya

Hekimbafl› Yal›s› Kanl›ca

Zarif Mustafa Pafla Yal›s› Anadolu Hisar›

Bahriyeli Sedat Bey Yal›s› Anadolu Hisar›

Ç›ra¤an Palace Ortaköy

Rumeli Hisar› - Bo¤azkesen Rumelihisar›

Anadolu Hisar› - Güzelce Hisar Anadoluhisar›

K›z Kulesi - Maiden's Tower -

Leander's Tower Üsküdar

Kabatafl and Galatasaray

school buildings Ortaköy

Kuleli Military College Çengelköy

Haydarpafla School of Medicine Haydarpafla

Haydarpafla Railway Station Haydarpafla

fiemsi Pafla Mosque Complex Üsküdar

Ayazma Mosque Üsküdar

Mosque of Mehmet Pafla the Greek Üsküdar

Iskele Mosque Üsküdar

Mosque of Atik Valide Üsküdar

Halil Ethem Yal›s› Çubuklu

Cultural Heritage Monuments

a “once-through” business, as opposed to

the traditional, continual improvement-

based business, and feels confident that

the substance of the EMS will live on as a

tangible legacy.

On the occasion of Istanbul’s bid for the

2004 Games, the IOBC issued an

Environmental Policy Statement, which it

now reaffirms. Accordingly, it pledges to

incorporate sustainability into its overall

Olympic effort and assigns special

importance to a communal, and ultimately,

a global sharing of environmental

responsibility.

In this, the IOBC is guided by the concept of

sustainability and is committed to its

implementation in Istanbul by using the

Olympic Games as a catalyst. The IOBC

aims at establishing a common platform

where local and international expertise is

combined with governmental, academic,

NGO and private sector participation

towards creating a model that may set the

framework for “sustainable city

guidelines.”

Thus starting with an Environmental Policy,

then, the basic components of the Istanbul

2008 EMS may be summarised as follows:

1 4Volume Environmental Protection and Meteorology 45

PUBLIC MANAGEMENT OF

THE ENVIRONMENT AND

NATURAL RESOURCES

The municipal and gubernatorial

offices of Istanbul are the principal agents

of environmental and natural resource

management. They collaborate with

central and district level authorities to

enforce national legislation and ensure that

water, land, and the physical environment in

general are lawfully and wisely used.

Article 14 of the Turkish Olympic Law

(“Priority of Service”) obliges all public

authorities to co-operate fully and

promptly with the Istanbul Olympic Bidding

Committee (IOBC). This provision of the

law deems public authorities, both local

and national, fully responsible vis à vis the

Istanbul OCOG.

Within the framework of Environmental

Law (No. 2872) and the body of associated

regulations, the basic features of the public

environmental management are as shown

in the table on the right.

At present, these activities are not integrated

in an ISO 14001-certified environmental

management system. This is one very

significant area where the IOBC can and is

determined to set an example of best

practices for the city and the country if

Istanbul is awarded the 2008 Olympic

Games.

OCOG’S PLANNED

ENVIRONMENTAL

MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

(EMS)

The IOBC plans on implementing an

ISO 14001-based EMS in technical terms,

that is to say, in terms of organisational

structure, responsibilities, practices,

procedures, processes and resources for

implementing and maintaining environ-

mental management. It recognises the

special challenge of the Olympic Games as

24

34

Resource Activity Authority

Water Supply, sanitary measures, sewage

treatment, littoral pollution control

Wetland protection

Monitoring of drinking water quality

The Municipality of Greater Istanbul, specifically, ISKI

(Istanbul Water and Sewage Authority)

Provincial administrations

Provincial administration of the Ministry of Health

Air Pollution control The provincial administrations of the Ministries of

Environment, Health, Industry and Transport, and the

Municipality of Greater Istanbul under the

co-ordination of the Governor’s office

Land Planning, conservation and use The provincial administrations of various ministries,

including those of Public Works and Settlement,

Culture, Environment, and Forestry; the municipal

governments of Greater Istanbul and districts

Energy Supply

Conservation, limitation of use and

quality controls

The electricity companies (BEDAfi and AKTAfi), the

municipal natural gas company (IGDAfi), private

suppliers of coal, oil and bottled gas

The Municipality of Greater Istanbul, the Governor’s

office

Cultural

monuments

Preservation Provincial administrations of the Ministries of Culture

and Environment

General

physical

environment

Solid-waste handling

Noise control and law enforcement

The Municipality of Greater Istanbul in co-operation

with district municipalities

Municipality and the Governor’s office

1 4Volume Environmental Protection and Meteorology 47

■ Analysis (Initial Review)

● Identifying the environmental

aspects of all Olympics-related

activities.

● Analysing the actual and/or

potential environmental impact of

all Olympics-related activities under

normal, abnormal and emergency

conditions.

■ Planning

● Setting environmental objectives

and targets. Consistent with its

Environmental Policy Statement, the

IOBC will strive to accomplish

specific, definable and measurable

environmental objectives. These

efforts will be Games-related, and

will be continually examined,

evaluated and revised as

appropriate.

● Developing Environmental Man-

agement Programs for achieving

these objectives and targets.

● Designing the Structure and

Responsibility of the EMS.

● Developing the Corrective and

Preventive Action System, crucial in

itself due to the “once-through”

nature of Olympic Games.

■ Implementation

● Developing the Documentation

System of the EMS.

● Conducting training, education and

communication programs for all

interested parties that will or may

have an impact on the performance

of the EMS.

■ Monitoring and Management Review

● Monitoring the performance of the

EMS before, during and after the

Olympic Games, throughout the

whole organisation.

● Taking corrective and preventive

action where and when necessary.

● Management periodically reviewing

the structure and performance of

the EMS before, during and after the

Games.

At this stage of its candidature, Istanbul’s

Olympic Project features exemplary cases

of sustainable development:

■ All venue locations have been

specifically chosen away from areas of

historic value and attractive urban sites.

They are environmentally sound and in

conformity with the urban development

master plan.

■ The 584-hectare Olympic Park is being

created on derelict land and made

accessible by light rail. Similar in concept

to the Sydney Homebush Bay site, it is

being developed as a sporting and

environmental venue. TEMA, a leading

environmental NGO, has drafted a

project for the Olympic Park’s

landscaping and preservation.

■ The Olympic and Media villages are

planned as a part of an on-going housing

project. The site, intended to serve as a

model for appropriately sustainable

housing, will be connected to the

Istanbul mass transit system.

■ New construction will aim at incor-

porating leading-edge concepts and

practices in energy, residential and

public area lighting, transportation, and

water conservation (low-flow fixtures

and low-consumption use appliances).

These will also be incorporated

wastewater treatment and reuse, solid

waste recycling (of secondary-market

materials), environmentally friendly

design and building materials (organic-

based paints and finishes, wooden floors,

non-CFC-based coolants, etc.)

Encouraged by its past success in seeking

the expert collaboration of national and

international environmental organisations,

the IOBC will further develop its

environmental portfolio with continuing

contributions from:

■ Public organisations (e.g. Ministry of

Environment, Municipal Department of

Environment) that are under legal

obligation to serve Olympic needs and

are particularly significant partners in

legal and regulatory matters.

■ Leading non-governmental orga-

nisations, including

● ÇEVKO (Environmental Protection

Foundation), which conductucs

extensive recycling programmes,

1 4Volume Environmental Protection and Meteorology 49

including those with the district

municipalities responsible for solid-

waste handling in the Olympic Park,

Village area (Halkal›) and the

Southern Complex (Ataköy).

l DHKD (Society for the Protection of

Nature), which developed a compre-

hensive Environmental Awareness

Programme for the Games.

l TEMA (widely acclaimed for its

effective programme against

deforestation and erosion), which

undertook the drafting of the

Olympic Park Environmental Master

Plan in co-operation with academics.

n Department of Environmental Studies of

the Bosphorus University, Istanbul.

n The business community, particularly

through its strong ties with TEMA and

ÇEVKO.

n International expertise that has been

accumulated particularly through the

experience of other Olympic host cities.

In the event Istanbul is awarded the 2008

Olympic Games, the IOBC will:

n Appoint an Environmental Director at an

executive position to head its

environmental team. The director will

have the authority and ability to provide

input to other executive-level offices,

including marketing, communications,

finance, logistics and transportation.

He/she will be assisted by Managing

Directors exercising power and control

over specific project areas.

n Establish an Environmental Advisory

Committee. This will be an official, multi-

sector body to provide the

Environmental Director and/or Managing

Directors with continual input and ad hoc

advice.

n Establish Environmental Procurement

Guidelines for products, services and

construction to be used during the

Games, and to be adopted for long-term

use in Turkey after the Games. The IOBC

will utilise the existing examples, both

Olympic {e.g. from Sydney} and non-

Olympic from elsewhere in the world.

n Establish a permanent infrastructure for

recycling solid wastes. Through the help

and guidance of ÇEVKO, the IOBC will

encourage all Olympic-related groups,

sponsors, etc., to develop recycling plans

for their facilities, as an example to

society in general. This will provide

numerous examples of the appropriate

manner(s) in which solid waste source

reduction and recycling can be

approached.

n Identify elements of the 2008 Olympic

Games Environmental Awareness

Programme. The IOBC will work in close

cooperation with NGOs and private

sector companies to effectively focus on

the appropriate aspects of environ-

mental awareness using the special

visibility of the Olympics. Its starting

point will be the Environmental

Awareness Programme for the General

Public and for Elementary Schools

drafted by DHKD.

To summarise the above points, Istanbul’s

Olympic project aims at achieving a radical

improvement of the environment and

establishing environmentally sound

practices to sustain the achievements of

the Games.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

ASSESSMENTS (EIA)

Environmental impact assessments

(EIA) for the Istanbul Olympic Park, the

Southern Olympic Complex and the

Olympic Village were carried out by the

Institute of Environmental Sciences of the

Bosphorus University, in accordance to the

Turkish Environmental Impact Assessment

Act amended on June 23, 1997. The main

objective of the study was to identify and

evaluate the potential impact of the said

projects on the physical, biological,

ecological, cultural, and socio-economic

components of the total environment.

Statements were presented in the

following format:

n Section I: Introduction, including project

description and the need for it.

n Section II: Environmental characteristics

of the selected regions, including land

utilization; ecosystems including

44

1 4Volume Environmental Protection and Meteorology 49

including those with the district

municipalities responsible for solid-

waste handling in the Olympic Park,

Village area (Halkal›) and the

Southern Complex (Ataköy).

● DHKD (Society for the Protection of

Nature), which developed a compre-

hensive Environmental Awareness

Programme for the Games.

● TEMA (widely acclaimed for its

effective programme against

deforestation and erosion), which

undertook the drafting of the

Olympic Park Environmental Master

Plan in co-operation with academics.

■ Department of Environmental Studies of

the Bosphorus University, Istanbul.

■ The business community, particularly

through its strong ties with TEMA and

ÇEVKO.

■ International expertise that has been

accumulated particularly through the

experience of other Olympic host cities.

In the event Istanbul is awarded the 2008

Olympic Games, the IOBC will:

■ Appoint an Environmental Director at an

executive position to head its

environmental team. The director will

have the authority and ability to provide

input to other executive-level offices,

including marketing, communications,

finance, logistics and transportation.

He/she will be assisted by Managing

Directors exercising power and control

over specific project areas.

■ Establish an Environmental Advisory

Committee. This will be an official, multi-

sector body to provide the

Environmental Director and/or Managing

Directors with continual input and ad hoc

advice.

■ Establish Environmental Procurement

Guidelines for products, services and

construction to be used during the

Games, and to be adopted for long-term

use in Turkey after the Games. The IOBC

will utilise the existing examples, both

Olympic {e.g. from Sydney} and non-

Olympic from elsewhere in the world.

■ Establish a permanent infrastructure for

recycling solid wastes. Through the help

and guidance of ÇEVKO, the IOBC will

encourage all Olympic-related groups,

sponsors, etc., to develop recycling plans

for their facilities, as an example to

society in general. This will provide

numerous examples of the appropriate

manner(s) in which solid waste source

reduction and recycling can be

approached.

■ Identify elements of the 2008 Olympic

Games Environmental Awareness

Programme. The IOBC will work in close

cooperation with NGOs and private

sector companies to effectively focus on

the appropriate aspects of environ-

mental awareness using the special

visibility of the Olympics. Its starting

point will be the Environmental

Awareness Programme for the General

Public and for Elementary Schools

drafted by DHKD.

To summarise the above points, Istanbul’s

Olympic project aims at achieving a radical

improvement of the environment and

establishing environmentally sound

practices to sustain the achievements of

the Games.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

ASSESSMENTS (EIA)

Environmental impact assessments

(EIA) for the Istanbul Olympic Park, the

Southern Olympic Complex and the

Olympic Village were carried out by the

Institute of Environmental Sciences of the

Bosphorus University, in accordance to the

Turkish Environmental Impact Assessment

Act amended on June 23, 1997. The main

objective of the study was to identify and

evaluate the potential impact of the said

projects on the physical, biological,

ecological, cultural, and socio-economic

components of the total environment.

Statements were presented in the

following format:

■ Section I: Introduction, including project

description and the need for it.

■ Section II: Environmental characteristics

of the selected regions, including land

utilization; ecosystems including

44

terrestrial, marine and freshwater

species, air-water-soil properties, soil

quality and potential agricultural uses,

socio-economic considerations, historic

and archaeological resources and public

health

■ Section III: Environmental impacts of

proposed actions and their control

including constructional and operational

consequences (investigation of site

preparation and excavation procedures,

their adverse impact on the environment

and current land utilization; possible

adverse impacts on the environment

during the operational phase; summary

description and evaluation project

alternatives and the planned

environmental-monitoring program).

■ Section IV: Conclusions

Summary EIA:

The Olympic Park is located in north-

eastern Istanbul, 25 km away from the city

centre and to north of the TEM Motorway.

The site includes the 80,000-seat Olympic

Stadium and various other buildings. The

Olympic Village site is the Halkal› Housing

Project area, to the south of the TEM

Motorway and located close to the Olympic

Park. The Southern Olympic Complex is

located in Ataköy, a highly populated urban

area. It includes a 22,000-seat sports hall,

the Olympic Natatorium (used for the 1999

European Swimming Championships) and a

number of training venues.

Background environmental characteristics

of these three sites, including geology,

climate, air-water-soil quality, ecosystems,

natural resources, socio-economic

structure, historical and cultural resources

were evaluated.

Potential environmental impacts of

construction activities were evaluated in

the following phases:

■ Pre-construction: Site inventory, storm

water control, erosion and sediment,

dust, vehicle traffic.

■ Site work: Impacts of clearing and

demolition, effects on floral and faunal

species, soil erosion, temporary facilities,

utility trenches and backfills, sanitary

facilities, excavation, soil stockpiling,

grading, trenching, site drainage, use of

explosives.

■Project closeout: Removal of temporary

offices, site restoration and preliminary

start-up.

During the construction phase a total of

approximately 4 million cubic meters of soil

will be excavated from all three sites. The

excavated soil will be used on site for

grading and filling. The following

techniques will be used to minimize

environmental impacts:

■ To control air pollution and adverse

effects of dust generated during

construction, watering, wind barriers and

paving will be used.

■ To control the surface water quality,

uncontrolled discharges to streams and

unwanted migration to ground water,

drainage trenches will be used to collect

the drainage, runoff and storm water.

Wastewater generated by workers in the

Olympic Park and village construction

sites will be stored in septic tanks, which

will be emptied periodically. Ataköy, in

the Southern Complex is connected to

the biological wastewater treatment

plant of the Municipality.

■ Solid wastes generated by workers’ daily

activities are stored in the designated

area and collected by the municipality for

disposal into sanitary landfills.

During the operational phase, wastewater

generated at the Olympic Park, Olympic

Stadium and the Olympic Village will be

collected and directed to the municipality

sewage system, which is connected to the

regional municipal wastewater treatment

plants. Fresh water will be supplied from a

nearby municipal water treatment plant.

ÇEVKO will be developing the projects for

recycling solid wastes, which will be sorted

at the sources and collected by the

municipality.

The main problem relating to all three sites

was found to be the increase in the vehicle

1 4Volume Environmental Protection and Meteorology 51

1 4Volume Environmental Protection and Meteorology 53

loads for the existing traffic patterns.

However, both the Olympic Park and the

Village site are located near a major

motorway that connects to the city centre.

New access roads are planned for

construction before the full operation of

these sites, which will also be connected to

the public transport system, especially by

light rail. Ataköy, the site of the Southern

Olympic Complex, is accessible by public

transport, and significant impact of road

traffic during the operational phase will be

alleviated by planned improvements in the

LRT system.

The study confirms that adverse impacts

on habitat-based biological environment

can be mitigated by taking necessary

precautions in construction planning and

revegetation following construction. In

social terms, the completion and

implementation of the proposed actions

will have positive effects on the

development of the young generation

through sports and the overall socio-

economic standing of the citizens.

Since the Olympic Park and the Olympic

Village are not located near highly populated

residential areas, and necessary precautions

are taken to prevent any undesired impacts

on human health and the environment, no

objection is projected for the construction

and operation of these proposed facilities.

The Southern Complex is located in central

Istanbul where the main impact of the new

multi-purpose sports hall (Ataköy Dome) will

be on road traffic. This is being addressed by

improvements planned in public transport

and additional parking lots.

ENVIRONMENTAL

PROJECTS AND

TECHNOLOGY

Istanbul’s Olympic project features

several elements of environmentally sound

development. As outlined under paragraph

4.3 above, the Olympic Park is an extensive

land reclamation and enhancement project.

The site of the Olympic and Media villages,

within 2 km of the Park, is part of an on-

going housing project where the application

of environmentally friendly technologies,

based on established guidelines, will have a

far-reaching and positive impact.

Connecting the Park and the village site to

the urban rapid transit system will

contribute to sustainability also in social

terms.

Finally, the IOBC attaches primary

significance to communicating the

environmental message of the Olympic

Games within the framework of the first

comprehensive city-wide environmental

awareness programme to be run in Istanbul.

This will aim at establishing environmentally

favourable values and attitudes to

eventually ensure environmentally

responsible behaviour.

GUARANTEE

The Turkish Ministry of Environment

guarantees that all work necessary for the

organisation of the Games will comply with

local and national legislation and

regulations, as well as with international

agreements and protocols regarding

planning, construction and protection of the

environment (see Theme 18, ref. 18.9).

SPECIAL FEATURES

Istanbul’s bid emphasises the

improvement and regaining of significant

features of the natural and cultural

environment, rather than efforts to create

new ones.

METEOROLOGY

Istanbul proposes to hold the Olympic

Games between July 18th and August 3rd,

2008. Information given in the following

paragraphs reflects data from the past ten

years for that period of time.

54

74

64

B

1 4Volume Environmental Protection and Meteorology 55

TEMPERATURE AND

HUMIDITY

Temperatures and levels of humidity for

Istanbul and the three other cities designated

for football preliminaries are shown below. As

humidity is recorded at 7:00 AM, 2:00 PM

and 9:00 PM, only, the table shows levels of

humidity at those hours.

PRECIPITATION

Precipitation data for Istanbul and the

three other cities designated for football

preliminaries are shown on the two tables

on the right.

The Department of Meteorology confirms

that data on temperature, humidity and

precipitation given on these tables are

representative of the Klassis Equestrian

Club at Silivri, 80 kms from the city and 60

kms from the Istanbul International Airport.

ALTITUDE

The average altitude of Istanbul is 10

metres above sea level, reaching its highest

point at Çaml›ca (261 m). The Olympic

Village lies between 30-60 metres above

sea level while the Olympic Park has an

average altitude of 90 metres, varying

between 80 and 130 metres.

Istanbul’s district of Silivri where the Klassis

Equestrian Club, the proposed site for

equestrian events, is averages 100 metres

84

94

104

Temperature in °C Humidity (%)

9:00 PM2:00 PM7:00 AM9:00 PM6:00 PM3:00 PM12:00 AM9:00 AMMeasurementCit

y

Average 25.5 27.4 27.8 26.0 23.4 80.6 56.1 77.4

Maximum 30.0 33.9 33.6 34.0 30.0 96.0 93.0 96.0

Date 28.07.2000 03.08.1998 03.08.1998 27.07.2000 27.07.2000 21.07.1992 29.07.1992 29.07.1999

Minimum 17.7 20.2 18.4 19.2 19.4 54.0 24.0 33.0

Date 03.08.1997 20.07.1992 22.07.2000 22.07.2000 22.07.2000 18.07.2000 18.07.2000 18.07.2000

Average 28.1 31.9 32.8 30.9 28.2 58.5 40.1 49.1

Maximum 33.9 38.3 39.9 37 33.5 86.0 60.0 78.0

Date 28.07.2000 28.07.2000 28.07.2000 03.08.1998 03.08.1998 28.07.1999 03.08.1997 27.07.1999

Minimum 23.7 26.4 27.6 25.7 23.4 28.0 22.0 27.0

Date 20.07.1992 20.07.1992 23.07.1996 27.07.1997 03.08.1997 20.07.1996 19.07.2000 18.07.1993

Average 24.0 27.2 28.4 26.7 23.2 86.9 52.2 75.8

Maximum 29.2 34 37.1 35.2 30.2 95.0 96.0 96.0

Date 02.08.1998 27.07.2000 27.07.2000 27.07.2000 27.07.2000 22.07.1994 23.07.1997 28.07.1994

Minimum 19 18.5 17.3 18 17.3 62.0 26.0 35.0

Date 27.07.1997 22.07.1992 01.08.2000 01.08.2000 01.08.2000 21.07.1999 27.07.1995 19.07.1997

Average 25.0 28.8 29.9 27.8 24.0 74.3 42.5 59.8

Maximum 30.0 36.8 40.0 36.4 30.0 96.0 93.0 95.0

Date 02.08.1998 27.07.2000 29.07.2000 27.07.2000 27.07.2000 26.07.1992 31.07.1994 21.07.1992

Minimum 18.3 19.8 19.8 18.3 17.5 45.0 19.0 30.0

Date 27.07.1997 22.07.2000 31.07.1994 21.07.1992 21.07.1992 19.07.2000 18.07.1997 18.07.2000

Ista

nb

ul

Izm

irK

oca

eli

Bu

rsa

Year Annual

Istanbul

Number of precipitation days

Izmir Kocaeli Bursa

July August Annual July August Annual July August Annual July August

1991 120 3 3 63 1 1 179 7 7 115 7 11992 108 7 1 50 1 149 14 92 61993 97 1 3 68 133 3 3 95 2 31994 104 3 4 70 1 132 4 5 94 1 61995 116 6 4 86 1 139 8 6 119 5 51996 123 7 87 1 146 3 6 132 2 51997 128 6 9 77 162 12 15 130 4 121998 113 2 85 1 148 6 131 31999 111 1 5 74 140 8 9 115 4 62000* 75 1 2 42 1 93 5 7 80 2 4Average 109.5 3 3.8 70.2 0.2 0.6 142.1 7 5.8 110.3 3.6 4.2* First three quarters

Year Annual

Istanbul

Total volume of precipitation (mm)

Izmir Kocaeli Bursa

July August Annual July August Annual July August Annual July August

1991 794.4 70.4 6.2 465.3 28.0 0.1 902.7 37.6 23.1 652.3 16.7 0.41992 544.8 20.4 1.2 365.5 1.7 953.1 131.4 625.3 14.91993 497.9 3.3 5.8 672.3 615.7 12.3 21.6 510.8 3.7 18.71994 597.0 6.3 61.3 635.8 0.4 791.9 4.0 33.3 671.1 0.4 47.91995 612.4 36.3 9.9 790.0 8.9 786.1 48.2 13 724.9 32.6 27.41996 648.8 36.9 803.8 0.3 746.5 3.9 22.8 607.6 0.3 5.21997 931.9 77.8 60.0 711.4 1180.8 115.1 238.4 869.0 40.1 84.11998 722.0 18.6 0 1086.1 2.7 860.1 51.2 822.3 29.21999 694.2 0.1 41.5 652.5 713.9 82.9 45.8 619.6 2.0 21.32000* 446.9 23.3 5.3 318.9 0.1 572.4 34.8 34.2 613.2 20.8 13.7Average 649.0 25.7 22.8 650.2 3.1 1.2 812.3 52.1 43.2 671.6 16.1 21.9* First three quarters

above sea level. The Klassis Hotel itself is at

sea level.

The average altitudes of the three other

cities, Izmir, Kocaeli and Bursa, designated

for football preliminaries, are 29 metres, 76

metres and 100 metres above sea level,

respectively.

5.1 Garanties financières5.2 Contrôle général des prix5.3 Utilisation des capitaux.5.4 Impôts5.4.1 Types actuels d’impôts.5.4.2 Statut fiscal du futur COJO d’Istanbul5.4.3 Effet du statut fiduciaire du COJO d’Istanbul 5.5 Budget 5.5.1 Budget du COJO5.5.2 Investissements en biens d’équipement5.5.3 Prévision de trésorerie du COJO

Financial Guarantees 5.1

General Price Control 5.2

Disposal of Assets 5.3

Taxes 5.4

Current Types of Tax 5.4.1

Tax Status of The Future Istanbul OCOG 5.4.2

Effect of The Istanbul OCOG’s Tax Status 5.4.3

Budgeting 5.5

Detailed Budget 5.5.1

Capital Investments 5.5.2

OCOG Cash Flow Forecast 5.5.3

5 FinanceFinances

1 5Volume Finance 59

FINANCIAL GUARANTEES

The Turkish Olympic Law of 1992

stands as the strongest possible

commitment by the Turkish State to back

the future Istanbul Olympic Games with

all the financial means required.

The said law established the Istanbul

Olympic Games Preparation and

Organisation Council, also known as the

Istanbul Olympic Bidding Committee

(IOBC), as the body responsible not only

for bidding to host the Games, but also for

equipping the city with the necessary

sports infrastructure (see paragraph 2.2.1

under Theme 2). To this end, it has

secured for the IOBC a steady inflow of

dividends from several public funds, as

well as committing the legislature to an

annual appropriation from the

consolidated Government budget. Such

dividends consist of:

■ one percent of football betting revenues,

■ five percent of the National Lottery’s

annual net earnings from the

preceding year,

■ one percent of the Housing Fund

receipts,

■ one percent of Horse Racing Joint

Wagers ticket sales, and

■ one percent of the annual budget of

the Greater Istanbul Municipality.

The law also authorises the Council of

Ministers, when the need arises, to

increase the above amounts by up to

fivefold.

From the IOBC’s foundation in 1992 to the

present, its earmarked revenues

guaranteed by law totalled US$20 million

per annum. This enabled the IOBC to

spend a total of US$160 million to fulfil its

founding mission. Of such spending, 88

percent went to investments in sports

facilities, eight percent to contributions to

international sports organisations and

national federations, three percent to

international publicity, and three percent

on administrative expenses. Sixty-four

percent of the IOBC’s investment in sports

15 facilities, that is US$90 million, was spent

on the construction of the Olympic

Stadium.

The detailed budget estimates for the

2008 Istanbul Games and the OCOG cash

flow forecast are provided under

paragraphs 5.5.1 and 5.5.3 below. These

show that the continuation of US$20

million of an annual minimum earmarked

subsidies, and the Government’s

commitment to increase these amounts

by up to fivefold with a view to assuring

sufficient finance for the OCOG’s

expenditures, preclude any possibility of

financial shortfall.

For a statement by the Prime Minister of

Turkey confirming that, in case Istanbul is

chosen to host the 2008 Games, the

Turkish Government will exercise its

constitutional powers to guarantee that

the Istanbul OCOG is provided with all the

funding necessary for its capital

investments, as well as to cover any

possible financial shortfall of the OCOG,

please refer to Theme 18, Ref. 18.10.

GENERAL PRICE CONTROL

Statements by the Governor and the

Mayor of Greater Istanbul, confirming

their commitment to ensure that before

and during the 2008 Istanbul Games

strictest general price control all over the

Olympic territory, and to prevent and

prosecute any attempts to violate

regulations in relation to such control, are

included in Theme 18, Ref. 18.11.

There is also included a statement by the

Minister of Tourism, confirming that his

Ministry will exercise its exclusive

authority in endorsing and controlling

room rates applied by hotels of all

categories in the country, in full

consideration of the commitments made

by the IOBC and the future Istanbul OCOG

to the International Olympic Committee.

The statement also affirms that the

Ministry of Tourism will ensure the

application of standard rates everywhere

25

1 5Volume Finance 61

in and around Istanbul, before and during

the Olympic Games, and will not permit

any prices higher than official rack rates.

Such stringent price control will cover all

accommodation services offered to

anyone attending the Games, including

non-accredited spectators

DISPOSAL OF ASSETS

Pursuant to Article 16 of the Turkish

Olympic Law, all sporting facilities built by

the IOBC prior to the selection of Istanbul

as the host city, as well as all those to be

built thereafter by the Istanbul OCOG, will

become the property of the General

Directorate of Youth and Sports (GDYS)

following the liquidation of the OCOG,

with no cost to the GDYS.

Of these facilities, the Exhibition Centre

to be built within the Olympic Park, which

will host Olympic competitions in eight

sports, will be put to commercial use by

the General Directorate of Youth and

Sports. The Centre will be utilised as a site

for trade events, to raise funds for

financing the running and maintenance

costs of venues within the Olympic Park.

Commercial operation of the Centre will

be outsourced to a private company,

which will also act as the contractor for

the construction of the facility. The site

will be reserved, however, for the staging

of sporting events for 60 days every year,

supervised by the GDYS.

Olympic Village facilities to be built by the

Istanbul OCOG, that is the Olympic

Polyclinic and training sites, will also

become the property of the GDYS.

Following the Games, the polyclinic will

operate as a National Sports Health

Centre, and the training sites will be

developed as permanent sports facilities

for both the residents of the Halkal›

housing complex and the sporting

community at large.

TAXES

Current types of tax

Types of tax currently levied in

Turkey that may be applicable in case

Istanbul hosts the Olympic Games are:

■ corporation tax,

■ income tax,

■ value added tax (VAT, which is the only

type of sales tax Turkey applies),

■ stamp duties, and

■ withholding tax.

Currently Turkey has bilateral agreements

of double taxation relief with 47 countries.

These agreements, which in general follow

the OECD model, are granted by the

Constitution (Article 90) the force of law

and have precedence over all locally

enacted tax legislation. Thus, foreign

companies that operate in Turkey but are

based in countries with which Turkey has

double taxation relief agreements are

subject to the clauses of such agreements,

rather than local laws, in terms of tax

liability for their operations in Turkey.

Taxation of companies based in other

countries remains subject to Turkish laws.

VAT is not covered by double taxation

relief agreements.

In case international companies based in

other countries employ persons in Turkey

for their local operations, salaries they

transfer from abroad to such persons in

foreign currencies are tax-free.

Tax status of the future

Istanbul OCOG

The Turkish Olympic Law prescribes

that, in case Istanbul is chosen to host the

Olympic Games, its present bidding

committee, that is the IOBC, will be

transformed into the Istanbul OCOG, with

no change in its legal form (see

paragraphs 1.8 and 2.2 in respective

themes).

4

2

5

35

45

4

1

5

1 5Volume Finance 63

Such continuity in legal form will keep the

Istanbul OCOG:

■ exempt from endorsement and audit

requirements laid down in the Official

Tenders Act and the Law on the Council

of State, and

■ capable of entering into all kinds of

contracts with third parties under

private law,

■ while it will remain not liable to the

types of tax listed in the preceding

paragraph, except VAT.

This implies that:

■ the future Istanbul OCOG will pay no

corporate taxes on its revenues,

■ it will be free of stamp duties that

would accrue on its behalf due to its

contracts with other parties,

■ its payments for purchases of any

goods and services will be excepted from

withholding tax, and

■ no transfer taxes will be levied on any

kind of grants or donations made to the

future Istanbul OCOG.

The Istanbul OCOG’s purchases of

intellectual rights (know-how), however, will

remain subject to withholding tax. In case

the seller company resides in a country with

which Turkey has a bilateral agreement

ensuring double taxation relief, such

agreement will determine the withholding

tax rate. Otherwise, local laws will apply.

In its imports of goods and services, the

Istanbul OCOG will be exempt from all kinds

of customs duties and will only pay VAT, as

it does when purchasing goods and services

from domestic suppliers.

As the Istanbul OCOG will also collect VAT

against its sales (e.g., tickets and licensing

royalties), any surplus of its VAT collections

to its VAT payments will be transferred to

the Treasury, and any negative balance will

be credited to its account against later

surpluses.

Effect of the Istanbul

OCOG’s tax status on its

national and international

operations

The Istanbul OCOG’s tax-free status

with regard to various types of tax will

have no consequence for the tax

obligations of any third parties with which

it will enter into out-sourcing or

subcontracting agreements. The latter

will remain subject to all applicable taxes,

including their share of stamp duties on

instruments related to such agreements.

However, Istanbul OCOG’s foreign

partners will be not be liable to pay stamp

duties in case such instruments are

signed outside of Turkish territories,

except in the event that these

instruments are submitted to any Turkish

authorities for evidence.

Tax rates applicable to Istanbul’s OCOG

foreign out-sourcers or subcontractors

for their revenues acquired in Turkey will

depend on whether or not a double

taxation relief agreement is in force

between their countries and Turkey. If

such agreements exist, their clauses will

have precedence over Turkish laws;

otherwise foreign partners will be subject

to the same rates as their local

counterparts. The transfer of profits

raised by foreign firms in relation to their

operations in Turkey will not be subject to

prior permission of any local authority.

No taxes will be levied in relation to the

sums of money that will be transferred by

the IOC to the Istanbul OCOG as the

latter’s share of the revenues from

agreements relating to television and

radio broadcasting of the Games and

from the International marketing

programme. Similarly, any payment to be

made by the Istanbul OCOG to the IOC,

including the transfer of IOC royalties and

the IOC’s share of any surplus resulting

from the celebration of the Games, will be

free of tax.

4

3

5

1 5Volume Finance 65

BUDGETING

OCOG Budget for the 2008

Istanbul Olympic Games

55

5

1

5

A. REVENUES US$(000) % B. EXPENDITURE US$(000) %

1 Television rights1 B1 Capital investments

- USA 374,000 20.9 13 - Sports facilities 250,750 14.2

- Europe 185,000 10.3 - Olympic, Media and

- Japan 75,000 4.2 Js' & Rs' villages 57,000 3.2

- Rest of World 77,000 4.3 - MPC & IBC -

711,000 39.7 307,750 17.4

2 TOP sponsorship1 171,000 9.5 B2 Operations

3 Local sponsorship1 150,000 8.4 14 Sports Events 275,000 15.5

4 Licensing 40,000 2.2 14 Olympic Village 75,000 4.2

5 Official suppliers 75,000 4.2 14 MPC & IBC 225,000 12.7

436,000 24.3 15 Ceremonies and Programmes 60,000 3.4

6 Olympic Coin Programme 5,000 0.3 16 Medical Services 20,000 1.1

6 Philately 3,000 0.2 17 Catering 25,000 1.4

7 Lotteries 6,000 0.3 18 Transport 50,000 2.8

14,000 0.8 19 Security 55,000 3.1

20 Paralympics 50,000 2.8

8 Ticket sales 200,000 11.2 21 Advertising and Promotion 60,000 3.4

9 Donations 5,000 0.3 22 Administration 225,000 12.7

10 Disposal of assets2 - 23 Pre-olympic events &

11 Subsidies3 390,000 21.8 coordination 35,000 2.0

12 Other 35,000 2.0 24 Other4 309,000 17.4

430,000 24.0 1,464,000 82.6

100.0 100.0

25 SHORTFALL 25 SURPLUS 19,250

Total 1,791,000 1,791,000

1 The US$833 million expec-

ted from TV rights, and

US$200 million expected

from TOP VI sponsorship

programme, were discounted

from these 2008 values to

2000 values at a rate of 2

percent per annum. The

US$111 million value portion

of TOP sponsorship re-

venues, and the US$100

million value portion of local

sponsorship revenues, are

assumed incoming value-in-

kind.

2 Pursuant to the Turkish

Olympic Law, all assets

owned by the Istanbul OCOG

at time of its liquidation will

be transferred to the General

Directorate of Youth and

Sports, with no further cost

to the latter.

3 Estimate of the Istanbul

OCOG’s earmarked revenues,

as defined by the Turkish

Olympic Law in percentage

stipends from several public

funds (see explanation under

paragraph 5.1), which totalled

US$20 million per annum, on

average, since the foundation

of the IOBC in 1992. The

budgeted estimate takes for

granted that, following the

transformation of the IOBC

to the Istanbul OCOG, the

Cabinet will increase such

stipends threefold for the

period 2002–2007, and

twofold for the year 2008.

Please note that this amount

(US$390 million), plus the

forecast cash balance of the

IOBC at time of its trans-

formation to the Istanbul

OCOG (US$16.5 million, see

the OCOG cash flow forecast

provided under the para-

graph 5.5.3 below), will

suffice to cover the sum of

OCOG capital investments

(US$307.75 million) and the

OCOG’s repayment of credit

used by the IOBC to finance

the construction of the Olym-

pic Stadium (US$94 million,

see note 4 below).

4 Includes US$94 million

allowed for the repayment of

due portion of the credit

(principal and interest) the

IOBC used to finance the

construction of the Olympic

Stadium. For details please

refer to the OCOG cash flow

forecast provided under

paragraph 5.5.3 below.

NON-OCOG BUDGET

C Capital Investments US $ (000)

- Transport (Light rail, highway) 170,000

- Sports venues 5,000

- Olympic Village, Judges’ and

Referees' and Media villages 350,000

Total 525,000

- US $ / TL exchange rate used in preparing the

budget: 677,500

- Date of finalisation of the budget:

22 December 2000

Capital investments by

physical location

1 5Volume Finance 67

5

2

5

Sports Facilities

Olympic Stadium 15,0001 15,000 15,000

Rowing and Canoeing Centre 7,500 7,500 7,500

Ba¤c›lar Badminton Hall 5002 500 500

Baseball Stadiums 15,000 15,000 15,000

Ataköy Dome (Basketball) 1,0003 1,000 1,000

Exhibition Centre (6 halls) 50,000 50,000 50,000

Slalom Centre 7,000 7,000 7,000

Olympic Velodrome 10,000 10,000 10,000

Belgrad Forest 250 250 250

‹stanbul Old City 250 250 250

‹stanbul ‹stinye 250 250 250

Klassis Equestrian Club 15,000 15,000 15,000

‹stanbul ‹nönü Stadium 500 500 500

‹zmir Atatürk Stadium 500 500 500

Bursa Atatürk Stadium 500 500 500

Kocaeli ‹smet Pafla Stadium 500 500 500

Hockey Stadium 8,000 8,000 8,000

Olympic Natatorium 4,000 4,000 4,000

ENKA 5,000 5,000 5,000

Softball Stadium 5,000 5,000 5,000

Tennis Club 15,000 15,000 15,000

Polygon 2,000 2,000 2,000

Olympic Archery 2,000 2,000 2,000

Yeflilyurt Sports Club 500 500 500

Caddebostan Olympic Marina 8,000 8,000 8,000

Abdi ‹pekçi Hall (Volleyball) 500 500 500

Kazlݍeflme Arena (Volleyball) 17,000 17,000 17,000

Beach Volleyball Centre 3,000 3,000 3,000

Training Quarter 6,000 6,000 6,000

Sponsor Hospitality facilities 4,000 4,000 4,000

Landscaping 52,000 52,000 52,000

SUBTOTAL 241,000 9,750 250,750 255,750

Olympic Village, 57,000 57,000 350,000 350,000 407,000

Media and Js' & Rs' villages4

Transport 170,0005 170,000 170,000

TOTAL 298,000 9,750 307,750 520,000 5,000 525,000 832,750

OCOG BUDGET (US$ 000) NON-OCOG BUDGET (US$ 000)

New

installations

Upgrading of

existing

installations

Sub-totalNew

installations

Upgrading of

existing

installations

Sub-total

Total

OCOG &

Non-OCOG

1 The amount to be spent for

the completion of the

Olympic Stadium during the

period from August 2001,

when the IOBC will be

transformed to the Istanbul

OCOG, to December 2001,

when the Olympic Stadium

will be inaugurated. The

total cost of the Olympic

Stadium will be around

US$130 million, of which

US$90 million has been

spent up to November 2000

by the IOBC.

2 The amount to be spent

for the final stage of

construction, from August

to September 2001.

3 The amount to be spent

for the final stage of

construction, from August

to October 2001.

4 The IOBC will finance the

landscaping of the villages

and the construction of the

Olympic Polyclinic and the

Village training sites, while

the Housing Administration

of Turkey will be responsible

for all other construction

work.

5 Expenditure needed for

the extension of the light rail

route to the Olympic Park

(US$35 million) and the

construction of a highway

link from the Istanbul

International Airport to the

Olympic Park and the

Olympic Village (US$135

million).

1 5Volume Finance 69

OCOG cash flow forecast

5

3

5

(US$ 000) 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Cash position 16,5001 7,000 50,500 71,500 60,500 83,300 87,200 94,500

Beginning of year

CASH INFLOW

TV rights - - - 9,000 82,000 90,000 107,000 423,000

TOP sponsorship2 - - - 3,000 6,500 6,500 20,000 24,000

Local sponsorship3 - - - 3,000 10,000 14,500 27,500 35,000

Subsidies4 10,000 60,000 60,000 60,000 60,000 60,000 60,000 20,000

Other - 500 1,000 1,000 4,000 35,000 82,500 113,500

CASH OUTFLOW

Capital investments

Sport facilities 16,500 5,000 21,000 51,000 59,700 65,100 27,700 4,750

Villages - - - - 3,000 15,000 32,000 7,000

Operations5 3,000 9,000 16,000 31,000 50,000 90,000 210,000 675,000

Repayment of credit6 - 3,000 3,000 5,000 27,000 32,000 20,000 4,000

End of year 7,000 50,500 71,500 60,500 83,300 87,200 94,500 19,250

1 Estimated cash balance of the IOBC as of August 2001, when the IOBC will start functioning as the Istanbul OCOG.

2 Of the US$171 million value expected from TOP sponsorship programme, only US$60 million is assumed as incoming cash.

3 Of the US$150 million in value expected from local sponsorship programme, only US$50 million is assumed as incoming

cash.

4 Estimate of the Istanbul OCOG’s earmarked revenues, as defined by the Turkish Olympic Law in percentage stipends from

several public funds (see explanation under paragraph 5.1), which totalled US$20 million per annum, on average, since the

foundation of the IOBC in 1992. It is taken for granted that, following the transformation of the IOBC to the Istanbul OCOG,

the Cabinet will increase such stipends threefold for the period 2002–2007, and twofold for the year 2008.

5 Excludes the US$94 million allowance for the repayment of credit used by the IOBC to finance the construction of Olympic

Stadium (see note 6 below.) With such exclusion, the Istanbul OCOG’s "operations" expenditure totals US$1,370 million value,

of which US$286 million is assumed incoming value-in-kind: US$111 million from TOP sponsors, US$100 million from local

sponsors, and US$75 million from official suppliers.

6 Repayment flow of the US$105 million credit the IOBC used to finance the construction of the Olympic Stadium. Such

repayment will start in March 2002 and extend to 2011, totalling US$140.146 million, interest included. The OCOG cash flow

forecast covers only US$94 million portion of such repayment which is due till August 2008, when the Istanbul OCOG will end

its operations and commence the liquidation process. As the Turkish Olympic Law stipulates that all assets and liabilities of

the Istanbul OCOG outstanding at time of such liquidation will be transferred to the General Directorate of Youth and Sports,

the remaining repayment will be made by the latter.

NOC Marketing 6.1

Joint Marketing Programme 6.1.1

Expiration 6.1.2

Games Marketing 6.2

No Category Restrictions 6.2.1

National Industry Support 6.2.2

Ticketing 6.3

Availability 6.3.1

Sales 6.3.2

Price Range 6.3.3

Coin Programme 6.4

Plans For a Coin Programme 6.4.1

Content of The Programme 6.4.2

Marketing 6.4.3

Revenue 6.4.4

Lotteries 6.5

Special Lottery 6.5.1

Lottery Legislation 6.5.2

Advertising 6.6

Sponsor Hospitality Village 6.7

6.1 Marketing du CNO6.1.1 Programme commun de marketing6.1.2 Expiration6.2 Marketing des Jeux6.2.1 Absence de restriction par catégorie6.2.2 Soutien de l’industrie nationale6.3 Billetterie6.3.1 Disponibilité6.3.2 Vente6.3.3 Eventail des prix6.4 Programme des monnaies6.4.1 Plans pour un programme de monnaies6.4.2 Contenu du programme6.4.3 Marketing6.4.4 Revenus6.5 Loteries6.5.1 Loterie spéciale6.5.2 Législation relatives aux loteries6.6 Publicité6.7 Village d’accueil des sponsors

6 MarketingMarketing

In addition, the IOBC envisages that the

Istanbul OCOG will develop co-operation

agreements with national federations with

a view to ensuring that the latters’

programmes and those of their sponsors

do not in any way imply an association with

the Olympics.

Expiration

As stated under paragraph 2.5 in

Theme 2, the NOC of Turkey is party to no

agreements that will remain in effect after

the date of the election of the Host City for

the 2008 Olympic Games, or that include

an option, incumbency or renewal rights

for the subsequent quadrennial.

GAMES MARKETING

No category restrictions

There are no category restrictions in

Turkish commercial legislation that would

hinder the free promotion of sponsorship

products and services to be covered by the

international marketing programme. As

Turkey is party to a customs union with the

European Union since 1996, no protec-

tionist measures regarding categories of

goods and services are likely to arise in the

future, either.

The IOBC expects that Turkey’s national

airline company (Turkish Airlines),

telecommunications company (Turk

Telekom), mobile telephony operators, and

the strong automotive industry will opt to

play leading roles in the marketing

programme.

National industry support

The IOBC estimates that the Istanbul OCOG

will be able to raise a total of US$ 150

million from its local sponsorship activities.

1 6Volume Marketing 73

NOC MARKETING

Joint marketing programme

Pursuant to the Turkish Olympic Law,

the NOC of Turkey is fully represented on

the IOBC, which will be transformed into

the Istanbul OCOG in the event the city is

elected to host the 2008 Games. The law

also makes the IOBC the sole authorising

body for all broadcasting, publication,

communication, transport, advertising,

sponsorship, and marketing issues that

may have any association with the

preparation and organisation of the

Olympic Games.

Such provisions lay the statutory

foundation for the greatest possible co-

ordination between the NOC of Turkey and

the Istanbul OCOG in implementing a joint

marketing programme that combines all of

both the bodies’ marketing and

commercial rights and will be managed by

the OCOG. Since membership of the NOC

includes all of Turkey’s national sports

federations, the latter’s’ rights will also be

included in the joint marketing programme.

Thus, pursuant to the relevant clauses of

the Host City Contract, the NOC’s signature

on the Joint Marketing Programme

Agreement will signify the compliance of

all national federations with the NOC’s

obligations pertaining to marketing.

At present, the IOBC and the NOC of

Turkey are continuing their work to

establish the monetary value of the NOC’s

and the national federations’ current level

of marketing revenues, which are very

largely value-in-kind, and to estimate this

level for the period 2005–2008. This

process will be followed by a study on the

product categories, and categories of

rights to be granted to marketing partners,

to be included in the central package

combining marketing rights of the future

Istanbul OCOG and the NOC.

16

26

1

1

6

1

2

6

2

1

6

2

2

6

1 6Volume Marketing 75

In other words, it expects an average

contribution of around US$ 10 million from

some 15 Turkish corporations to sponsor

the Istanbul 2008 Games in return for

marketing rights in Turkey.

Telecommunication services, banking

services, aviation, automotive, trans-

portation, insurance, household equip-

ment, food manufacturing, energy ma-

nagement, shopping centres, cosmetics,

furniture and carpeting, construction and

glass products, appear as the product

categories from which the Istanbul OCOG

is likely to attract national sponsors.

Several potential sponsors in such

categories may be listed as follows:

TICKETING

Availability

The IOBC estimates that a total of 8.2

million tickets will be available for sale for

the competition sessions of the 2008

Istanbul Olympic Games, after provision

was made for the seating requirements of

the Olympic family. Ticket availability for

opening and closing ceremonies, on the

other hand, is estimated at 73,000, for

each.

Sales

The IOBC estimates that 70 percent of

the available, that is, 5.7 million tickets will

be sold for competition sessions, and all

available tickets for the ceremonies will be

sold.

Price range

Average price ticket for competition

sessions is projected as US$ 30, ranging

from US$ 10 – 30 for secondary events to

US$ 50 – 100 for prime events. Average

ticket price for ceremonies, on the other

hand, is projected as US$ 200, divided into

four categories (US$ 50 – 225 – 375 – 550).

These estimates set expected ticketing

revenues of the future Istanbul OCOG at

US$ 200 million.

For comparison, please note that ticket

prices in ordinary first league football

(soccer) matches in Istanbul currently vary

in the range US$ 3 – 75. Such range is US$ 7

– 150 in Derby competitions. In several UEFA

competitions over the past year, upper limit

of ticket prices exceeded US$ 200.

As to cultural events organised in Istanbul

over the past year, ticket price range was

US$ 12 – 70 during the Jazz Festival, US$

23 – 53 during the Musical Festival, US$ 9 –

30 during the Theatre Festival. During the

2000 Istanbul Film Festival, standard

tickets were sold for US$ 5, and tickets for

special performances for US$ 10.

COIN PROGRAMME

Plans for a coin programme

The IOBC plans a partnership with the

Turkish State Mint to launch from 2005 on

a commemorative non-circulating Olympic

46

4

1

6

Telecommunication Turk Telekom (fixed telephony),

services Turkcell (mobile telephony)

Banking services Akbank, Emlakbank, Vak›fbank, Halkbank

Aviation Turkish Airlines

Automotive Oyak-Renault

Transportation Varan, Ulusoy (passenger transit)

Insurance Anadolu Sigorta, Ak Sigorta

Household equipment Arçelik (electrical household equipment)

Food manufacturing Ülker (pastry products),

Dardanel (preserved food),

Kent G›da (confectionery)

Energy management TEDAfi (energy distribution)

Shopping centres Migros Turk, CarrefourSA

Cosmetics Eczac›bafl›

Furniture and carpeting Kelebek, Saray Hal›

Construction ENKA, Tepe, Akfen

Glass products fiiflecam A.fi.

36

3

1

6

3

2

6

3

3

6

1 6Volume Marketing 77

coin programme for the 2008 Istanbul

Games. The program will consist of a

collection of legal tender coins in gold,

silver and bronze, to be released by the

Mint and marketed through dealers.

The Turkish State Mint has minted and

marketed commemorative coins (all 0.925

silver) to mark the Summer and Winter

Olympic Games of 1984, 1988, 1992, and

1996, and the centenary of the IOC in 1994.

It has also struck commemorative coins on

the occasion of many international and

national sports events. The State Mint has

also issued in 1994 for circulation a TL

10,000 currency coin, bearing on its head

side the expression, “1994 International

Year of Sports and the Olympic Ideal,” and

its emblem.

Content of the programme

The commemorative coin programme

will consist of bronze, silver and gold coins,

both proof and other types, in annual

series starting from 2005. The sale of

these coins will continue until the end of

2008. A tentative scheme has been

conceived to mint and market 110,000 gold,

550,000 silver, and 2,500,000 bronze

coins for the whole period. Prominent

Turkish sculptors will be commissioned to

design the coins.

Marketing

The programme will be marketed by

the Turkish State Mint, with retail

operations contracted to dealers.

Revenue

The IOBC’s tentative scheme of the

coin programme foresees that the gross

sales may reach around US$ 43 million,

with Istanbul OCOG receiving a royalty of

around US$ 5 million (15 percent of the

price to dealers of all coins). The IOC’s share

of revenue from the programme is

estimated, in consideration of the related

clauses of the Host City Contract, at US$ 1

million. The OCOG’s and the IOC’s shares of

the revenue will equal 78 percent of the

total profit the Mint expects from its sales.

LOTTERIES

Special lottery

Turkish National Lottery Authority, the

single body authorised to organise lotteries

in the country with pecuniary prizes,

already contributes to the IOBC’s finances

by transferring each year, pursuant to the

Article 11 of the Turkish Olympic Law, 5

percent of its annual net earnings for the

preceding year. Over the period 1995-1999,

such contribution averaged US$ 4.1 million

per annum.

In case Istanbul is elected to host the 2008

Olympics, the above-described flow of

funds will continue, as the IOBC transforms

into the Istanbul OCOG.

Apart from this, the IOBC plans a special

royalty agreement between the Istanbul

OCOG and the National Lottery Authority,

under which the latter will run a special

lottery series in connection with the 2008

Games. Such partnership is expected to yield

for the Istanbul OCOG a total revenue of US$

6 million for the whole programme cycle.

Lottery legislation

The National Lottery Authority,

attached to the Office of the Prime Minister,

is the sole body in Turkey authorised to

organise lotteries in the country with

pecuniary prizes. It is also the licensing

body for third parties running lotteries with

non-pecuniary prizes, which are further

subject to monitoring and supervision by

4

4

6

5

2

6

5

1

6

56

4

2

6

4

3

6

the Authority. The exclusive right of the

National Lottery to run lotteries with

pecuniary prizes, however, is contingent in

law upon exceptions created by special

legislation. The National Lottery had its

functions redefined by Law-decree 320 in

1986, which made possible through special

laws the assignment of other agencies and

activities (the IOBC being one of them) as

beneficiaries of allotments from its

revenues.

Under the same law-decree, the National

Lottery is also entitled to create and

organise, on its own behalf, pari-mutuels

and games of chance other than those with

pecuniary prizes. It is furthermore

authorised, subject to the permission of the

Prime Minister, to organise lotteries abroad

with prizes payable in Turkish Lira or

foreign currencies, and to enter into

partnerships, within or outside the country,

with national or foreign bodies having an

interest in its fields of activity.

ADVERTISING

The IOBC is going to conclude binding

advertising options with the State Airports

Authority and the Aviation Industries Inc. to

ensure for the future Istanbul OCOG full

control of advertising for the duration of

the Games and the month preceding the

Games in the airports operated by these

bodies. Such options will also concede to

the future OCOG the exclusive right of price

control. Since the State Airports Authority

is a public body, and the Aviation Industries

Inc. is a consortium of public companies

controlled by the Government, both are

bound by the provisions of the Turkish

Olympic Law, ensuring that no cost will be

incurred for acquiring these options.

To ensure control of billboard and transport

advertising in the city for the same period

the IOBC is going to conclude a similar

binding option with the Greater Istanbul

Municipality, which holds the exclusive

1 6Volume Marketing 79

authority over such advertising. Contracts

between the Greater Istanbul Municipality

and its agents selling billboard and

transport advertising space to advertisers

allow the Municipality to exploit this space

for a period of at least two months in a

year at its own discretion, with no

compensation required. The binding option

will stipulate that the Greater Istanbul

Municipality will reserve the Games period

in 2008 and the month preceding the

Games for such use, and concede the right

to control all billboard and transport

advertising to the Istanbul OCOG over that

period. Since the Greater Istanbul

Municipality is already represented on the

IOBC, no cost will be incurred for acquiring

this option either.

SPONSOR HOSPITALITY

VILLAGE

The main Sponsor Hospitality Village

will be located in the Olympic Park, to the

south of the Exhibition Centre and 500 m

by walk to the Olympic Stadium, so that the

sponsors and suppliers can be as punctual

as possible in attending to their guests. It

will cover an area of 20,000 sq. m, in three

parallel tented pavilions.

The main Sponsor Hospitality Village will

be supplemented with satellite villages in

or near other sites, such as Silivri, Cadde-

bostan and ‹stinye, all of which have

privileged access to first-class facilities.

The Olympic House in Ataköy, the

headquarters of the IOBC and the NOC of

Turkey, and cruise-liners along the coasts,

will provide further space for sponsor

hospitality.

For IOBC's plans to provide up to 7,000

superior quality hotel rooms for sponsors

and suppliers, and their guests and

marketing partners, please refer to Theme

13, paragraph 3.

66

76