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Structural Integration of the Informal Sector in Municipal Solid Waste Management Tunisia – case study. ISWA / RDN / EXPRA Workshop Bucharest , October 9 th 2014. Who are we?. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Structural Integration of the Informal Sector in Municipal Solid Waste Management
Tunisia – case studyISWA / RDN / EXPRA Workshop
Bucharest, October 9th 2014
Who are we?
2002 – GP is registered as a Romanian private and
independent company that provides environmental
consultancy services to authorities and industry and
business development in various fields of expertise.
2009 – GP together with 4 more consulting companies
register the RWA as a UK company with a specialised
track record in waste management, resource efficiency
and associated advisory and consultancy services. RWA
provides support to design and implementation of
integrated resources and WM projects.
Why integrating/formalizing the IRS?
Informal Recycling Sector (IRS) is more active and effective in
recovering and valorising resources that the formal sector in low
and middle income countries
Our experience in working with the IRS
• Green Partners and RWA have extensive proven experience in
working with the IRS:
- facilitating discussions
- opening communication channels
- initiate debates and challenges
- institutional development and capacity building
- developing and analyzing integration/formalization options
- Legislation, policy and economic instruments design and
implementation
- Community mobilisation and public awareness
Our own garden – Pata Rat
- Study on the economic impacts
of the IRS in waste
management in 2006
- Challenges of sustainable and
Affordable Modernization in the
Solid Waste Sector conference
in 2008
- Currently there are approximately 1000 persons living on the
landfill and its vicinities
- Most of them are participating in SWM activities as waste pickers
IRS in Tunisia - case study
Background
• This project is financed by the BMZ (German Federal Ministry for
Economic Cooperation and Development) through the Fund for
Good Governance in the MENA Region.
• Project activities ccontributes to the objective of the regional
network for integrated SWM – SWEEP-Net in MENA region. Another
SWEEP-Net study is focusing on the Middle East region SWM
practices.
• The project implementation is done by RWA - January 2014 until
June 2015.
Background – project objectives
• The project has a participatory approach having the
following objectives:
-improving the living and working conditions of the
informal sector through its structural integration;
- establishing sustainable income generation and
- enhancing efficiency of local waste management
schemes,
Background
• Institutional setup and EPR in
Tunisia: Eco-Lef - the Tunisian EPR
system from 2001 for post-consumer
packaging waste
• Municipal waste collection services:
poor level of services
• The IS by collecting and recycling
part of the municipal waste stream
at no cost to the municipality
represents an economic benefit to
the municipality
EPR Scheme in Tunisia
5%
Responsibilities
Waste management sector
ANGed
EPR schemeTransport
Treatment and disposalTransfer station
Municipality
Collection
ANGed – National Agency for Waste Management
Current situation – informal sector
• 15,000 t of PET per year recycled, 67% by
the informal sector
• 5000-6000 t of non-ferrous metals per
year is recycled
• 3,600 t paper and cardboard per year,
About 8000 people are involved in informal recycling in Tunisia. They work
in the collection of recyclable materials from landfills or by crisscrossing
the streets of major cities of the country.
Categories of waste pickers
• Professional waste pickers
In this category there are the street pickers and the pickers who are
collecting exclusively from the new landfill in La Marsa. They guide the trucks
arriving on landfill and then they are sorting recyclables, selecting them and
selling them to carriers that come up directly on the discharge points. They
earn on average 30 DT/day
Categories of waste pickers
• Semi-professional waste pickers
These persons have between 2 and 10 years of work experience in the field of
waste recycling. They sum up to half the total number of waste pickers. There
are those who already have a motorcycle, those who have bikes with trailers,
and those who are still using the hand cart, or even the wheelbarrow. They
have irregular income of about 10-15 DT/day
Categories of waste pickers
• Waste pickers belonging to vulnerable groups
These persons have between 2 and 10 years of work experience in the field of
waste recycling. They sum up to half the total number of waste pickers. There
are those who already have a motorcycle, those who have bikes with trailers,
and those who are still using the hand cart, or even the wheelbarrow. They
have irregular income of about 10-15 DT/day
Categories of waste pickers
• Women barbéchas
They have no means of motorized transportation and often they only have a
wheelbarrow or even nothing at all. They rarely earn more than ten dinars a
day. They find themselves doing this job after becoming a widow or due to a
disabled husband.
Categories of waste pickers
Current situation – informal sector
• Types of recycling materials collected
include:
• 5% all types of waste
• 75% plastic and aluminum cans
• 10% paper/ cardboard
• 2% textiles
• 8% other streams (batteries, wood,
etc).
Current situation – value chain
• There are two parallel competing systems for recycling, ANGED’s
Ecolef system (EPR system), and the private recycling value
chain, both of which are supplied by waste pickers and others
like NGOs and small junk shops.
Current situation – other stakeholders
Informal Sector
Municipality (Private
operator)
Citizens ANGED
Pilot measures - needs
For all pilot there are some similar actions that that are required in all
selected pilot zones, these include the need for an agreement, awareness
raising, monitoring and raising investment financing.
Organisational
Logistics/ technical
pilot arezoning
collection frequency equipment
needcriteria for
access to pilot projects
Financing
Financing investment adn operation
Pilot measures for integration
1. Door-to-door collection of source
separated dry fraction
2. Door-to-door primary collection of
source separated wet and dry
fraction
3. Improving communal collection
points including cages
Currently we’re mapping and
understanding all technical details in the
field
Pilot measures – collection of dry fraction
- Waste pickers going from door to door of
households and buying or collecting for free
dry recyclables, especially PET and other
plastic.
Issues
- Door bell or schedule
- Zones and routes
- Registration of waste pickers and criteria
- Badges, uniforms, equipment
- Need for motorized equipment micro-credits
- Revenues
Pilot measures – collection of wet and dry fraction- The waste pickers have the right over the recycleables and drop wet waste
in communal containers
Issues
- Door bell or schedule
- Districts, Zones and routes
- Registration of waste pickers
- Badges, uniforms, equipment
- Need for motorized equipment
- Changes to municipal communal containers infrastructure
- Revenues and willingness to pay
Pilot measures – communal collection points
- Waste pickers own/administer/have access to cages or communal
containersn and an obligation to keep the communal collection point
clean
• cages system
• Informal sector was not interested in this option
Issues
- Cleanliness and customer satisfaction
- Efficiency and financial sustainability
- Difficulties in seperation of tasks
- Assigning collection points, registration, criteria
- Badges, uniforms. Equipment
- Changes to municipal infrastructure
Challenges- Challenges are different for the two municipalities
- There are various interferences in the value chain between ANGed
(Ecolef) and private operators
- There are conflicts between formal and informal workers due to access
to waste
- Different interests and perspectives
- Legal issues: patent
- Increased earning potential may attracting more people at the bottom
of the chain while enforcing the chain
- Access to credit, uniforms, equipment
Research studies/publications
2006: Economic Aspects of the Informal
Sector in Solid Waste Management
2008: Challenges of sustainable and
Affordable Modernization in the Solid Waste
Sector;
2010: Egyptian National Solid Waste
Management Programme document
2012: Global Extended Producer
Responsibility-Informal Sector in Waste
Management
2014: Operator Models in Low and Middle
Income Countries.
Conclusions- The IRS needs to be taken into account when developing SWM
strategies, policies and programmes;
- Donors/IFI are keen on working towards the integration/formalisation of waste pickers;
- the informal sector creates social benefits and indirect economic and environmental benefits for the municipality;
- Working with the informal sector is possible and could be seen as one form of private sector participation.
- Many options for integration, still room for analysing their advantages and disadvantages
- Questions and open discussions
Cosmin [email protected] Tel: +40 746 775171
[email protected] 18, 400294, Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaTel. +40 264 589291, Fax: +40 264 585585
Thank you for your attention