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COST ACTION FP0903 International Conference Rome, 5-7 October 2010
Italian forests: an overview from the National Forest
Inventory
P. Gasparini, Lucio Di Cosmo National Research Council – Forest Monitoring and Planning Research Unit
E. PompeiNational Forest Service
COST ACTION FP0903 International Conference Rome, 5-7 October 2010
Forest
Other wooded land
FOREST AREAFOREST AREA
Land use Area(ha)
Proportion S.E.%
Forest 8,759,200 29% 0.4
Other wooded land
1,708,333 6% 1.3
Total wooded area
10,467,533 35% 0.3
Total land area 30,132,845 100%
COST ACTION FP0903 International Conference Rome, 5-7 October 2010
Alps
Apennines
Islands
FOREST AREAFOREST AREA
0
500 000
1 000 000
1 500 000
2 000 000
2 500 000
3 000 000
3 500 000
4 000 000
Forest Other WoodedLand
Total wooded area
hect
ares
Alps
Northern-CentralApennines
SouthernApennines andIslands
Total wooded area - elevation classes
0 - 30 0 m30 1 - 60 0 m60 1 - 90 0 m90 1 - 1 2 00 m1 2 01 - 1 500 m1 50 1 - 1 8 00 m1 8 01 - 2 10 0 m> 2 100 mnot class ified8.5% of the total wooded area was not 8.5% of the total wooded area was not
accessible to the NFI surveyorsaccessible to the NFI surveyors
COST ACTION FP0903 International Conference Rome, 5-7 October 2010
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Pie
mo
nte
Va
lle
d’A
osta
Lo
mb
ard
ia
Alt
o A
dig
e
Tre
nti
no
Ve
ne
to
Fri
uli V
.G.
Lig
uri
a
Em
ilia
Ro
ma
gn
a
To
sca
na
Um
bri
a
Ma
rch
e
La
zio
Ab
ruzzo
Mo
lise
Ca
mp
an
ia
Pu
glia
Ba
silic
ata
Ca
lab
ria
Sic
ilia
Sa
rde
gn
a
administrative regions
Fo
rest
ind
ex
(%
)
Alps
Northern-Central Apennine
Southern Apennine and Islands
FOREST AREAFOREST AREA
Forest percentage Italy: 29%Forest percentage Italy: 29%Forest percentage by administrative region: 8% (Forest percentage by administrative region: 8% (PugliaPuglia) ) ÷÷ 63% (63% (LiguriaLiguria))
COST ACTION FP0903 International Conference Rome, 5-7 October 2010
Changes in Forest and OWL area (1985-2005)
0
2 000 000
4 000 000
6 000 000
8 000 000
10 000 000
IFNI 1985 INFC 2005
hect
ares
Forest
OWL
The percent yearly increment of The percent yearly increment of total wooded area in the last total wooded area in the last 20 years20 years has been has been 0.30 %0.30 %
The land cover/use changes are mostly due to The land cover/use changes are mostly due to land abandonment and land abandonment and natural natural
recolonizationrecolonization by trees and shrubsby trees and shrubs
FOREST AREAFOREST AREA
0.04%0.04%
0.26%0.26%
COST ACTION FP0903 International Conference Rome, 5-7 October 2010
The forest type was The forest type was classified during the NFI classified during the NFI
field surveys on the field surveys on the basis of the prevailing basis of the prevailing
tree species in the tree species in the sample plotsample plot..
In difficult cases the In difficult cases the prevailing tree species prevailing tree species
was was selected by linear selected by linear transect samplingtransect sampling
FOREST TYPESFOREST TYPES
COST ACTION FP0903 International Conference Rome, 5-7 October 2010
Forest types area
0
200 000
400 000
600 000
800 000
1 000 000
1 200 000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
hect
ares
FOREST TYPESFOREST TYPES
Coniferous forests
Deciduous broadleaved
forests
Evergreen broadleaved
forests
Forest types1 Larch and Stone pine forests (L.decidua, P.cembra )2 Norway spruce forests (P.abies ) 3 Fir forests (A.alba )4 Scots pine and Mountain pine forests (P.sylvestris, P.mugo ) 5 Black pines forests (P.nigra, P.laricio, P.leucodermis ) 6 Mediterranean pines forests (P.domestica, P.marittima,
P.halepensis ) 7 Other coniferous forests8 Beech forests (F.sylvatica )9 Temperate oaks forests (Q.petraea, Q.pubescens, Q.robur )
10 Mediterranean oaks forests (Q.cerris, Q.frainetto , Q.trojana, Q.macrolepis )
11 Chestnut forests (C.sativa )12 Hornbeam and Hophornbeam forests (Carpinus spp., Ostrya
carpinifolia )13 Hygrophilous forests14 Other deciduous broadleaved forests15 Holm oak (Q.ilex)16 Coark oak (Q.suber )17 Other evergreen broadleaved forests
Forest composition by species groups(area)
Conif erous f orest
Broadleaved f orest
Mixed f orest
COST ACTION FP0903 International Conference Rome, 5-7 October 2010
FOREST TYPESFOREST TYPES
Beech forests
BEECH FORESTS haMesophylous beech forests 414 165Acidophylous beech forests (with Luzula spp) 96 580Thermophylous beech forests (with Cephalanthera spp.) 102 070Beech forest with holly, ferns and Campanula spp .) 298 757Other beech forests 123 531Total 1 035 102
COST ACTION FP0903 International Conference Rome, 5-7 October 2010
FOREST TYPESFOREST TYPES
Oak forests
TEMPERATE OAKS FORESTS haQ. petraea forests 59 384Q. pubescens forests 850 159Q. robur forests 29 007Other temperate oaks forests 145 697Total 1 084 247
MEDITERRANEAN OAKS FORESTS haQ. cerris forests 883 396Q. frainetto forests 23 045Q trojana an Q. macrolepis forests 17 091Other mediterranean oaks forests 87 454Total 1 010 986
COST ACTION FP0903 International Conference Rome, 5-7 October 2010
FOREST TYPESFOREST TYPES
Spruce forests
SPRUCE FORESTS haSubalpine spruce forest 196 134Mountain spruce forest 330 003Other spruce forests 59 944Total 586 082
COST ACTION FP0903 International Conference Rome, 5-7 October 2010
FOREST TYPESFOREST TYPES
Shrubland
Subalpine shrubs – 121 524 ha
Temperate shrubs – 178 581 ha
Mediterranean scrubs and shrubs – 690 811 ha
COST ACTION FP0903 International Conference Rome, 5-7 October 2010
GROWING STOCKGROWING STOCK
Total growing stockTotal growing stock1 269 Mio m1 269 Mio m33
Growing stock densityGrowing stock density144 m144 m33 ha ha ––11 (Italy)(Italy)
197.9 m197.9 m33 ha ha ––11 (Alps)(Alps)115.1 m115.1 m33 ha ha ––11 (Northern(Northern--
Central Apennines)Central Apennines)107.9 m107.9 m33 ha ha ––11 (Southern Ap. (Southern Ap.
and Islands)and Islands)
Total growing stock - Forest
663
366
241
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Mill
lion
m3
Alps
Northern-CentralApennines
SouthernApennines andIslands
COST ACTION FP0903 International Conference Rome, 5-7 October 2010
GROWING STOCKGROWING STOCK
Forest types1 Larch and Stone pine forests (L.decidua, P.cembra )2 Norway spruce forests (P.abies ) 3 Fir forests (A.alba )4 Scots pine and Mountain pine forests (P.sylvestris, P.mugo ) 5 Black pines forests (P.nigra, P.laricio, P.leucodermis ) 6 Mediterranean pines forests (P.domestica, P.marittima,
P.halepensis ) 7 Other coniferous forests8 Beech forests (F.sylvatica )9 Temperate oaks forests (Q.petraea, Q.pubescens, Q.robur )
10 Mediterranean oaks forests (Q.cerris, Q.frainetto , Q.trojana, Q.macrolepis )
11 Chestnut forests (C.sativa )12 Hornbeam and Hophornbeam forests (Carpinus spp., Ostrya
carpinifolia )13 Hygrophilous forests14 Other deciduous broadleaved forests15 Holm oak (Q.ilex)16 Coark oak (Q.suber )17 Other evergreen broadleaved forests
Growing stock densityGrowing stock densityby forest typeby forest type
50.1 50.1 ÷÷ 427.2 427.2 mm33 ha ha ––11
Growing stock by forest type
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Mio
m3
Growing stock per ha by forest type
201.2
372.3
427.2
191.3225.3
133.6
197.1231.9
71.4102.7
177.2
80.9106.5 94.5
73.550.1 52.8
0.0
50.0
100.0
150.0
200.0
250.0
300.0
350.0
400.0
450.0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
m3 h
a -1
COST ACTION FP0903 International Conference Rome, 5-7 October 2010
Total aboveTotal above--ground ground biomassbiomass
874 Mio Mg874 Mio Mg
AboveAbove--ground biomass ground biomass densitydensity
99.8 Mg ha 99.8 Mg ha ––11 (Italy)(Italy)
122.5 Mg ha 122.5 Mg ha ––11 (Alps)(Alps)89.2 Mg ha 89.2 Mg ha ––11 (Northern(Northern--Central Central
Apennines)Apennines)81.0 Mg ha 81.0 Mg ha ––11 (Southern Ap. and (Southern Ap. and
Islands)Islands)
ABOVEABOVE--GROUND BIOMASSGROUND BIOMASS
Total above-ground biomas - Forest
410
283
181
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
Mill
lion
Mg
Alps
Northern-CentralApennines
SouthernApennines andIslands
COST ACTION FP0903 International Conference Rome, 5-7 October 2010
ANNUAL GROSS INCREMENTANNUAL GROSS INCREMENT
Total annual gross Total annual gross incrementincrement
35.862 Mio m35.862 Mio m33
Annual gross increment Annual gross increment per haper ha
4.1 m4.1 m33 ha ha ––11 (Italy)(Italy)
5.1 m5.1 m33 ha ha ––11 (Alps)(Alps)3.5 m3.5 m33 ha ha ––11 (Northern(Northern--Central Central
Apennines)Apennines)3.4 m3.4 m33 ha ha ––11 (Southern Ap. and (Southern Ap. and
Islands)Islands)
Total annual gross increment - Forest
17 175
11 109
7 588
0
2 000
4 000
6 000
8 000
10 000
12 000
14 000
16 000
18 000
20 000
1000
m3
Alps
Northern-CentralApennines
SouthernApennines andIslands
COST ACTION FP0903 International Conference Rome, 5-7 October 2010
GROWING STOCK AND BIOMASS CHANGESGROWING STOCK AND BIOMASS CHANGES
Growing Growing stock net stock net increment increment per per yearyear22.9 Mio m22.9 Mio m33 ((±± 2.5 Mio 2.5 Mio mm33))
Biomass Biomass stock net stock net increment increment per per yearyear15.6 Mio 15.6 Mio mm33 ((±± 1.6 Mio 1.6 Mio mm33))
( )( )12
12
ttVVV tt
−−
=Δ
0
200
400
600
800
1 000
1 200
1 400
IFNI 1985 INFC 2005
Mio
m3
- Mio
Mg
Growing stockBiomass stock
COST ACTION FP0903 International Conference Rome, 5-7 October 2010
DEADWOODDEADWOOD
0
10
20
30
40
50
60M
io m
3
Alps
Northern-Apennines
SouthernApennines andIslands
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
m3 h
a-1
Alps
Nothern-Apennines
Southern-Apennines andIslands
COST ACTION FP0903 International Conference Rome, 5-7 October 2010
OWNERSHIP AND MANAGEMENTOWNERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT
Private ownership is prevailing Private ownership is prevailing both in Forest (66.4%) and in both in Forest (66.4%) and in
OWL (OWL (……64.8%)64.8%)
Forest management plans on Forest management plans on 16% Forest area and 6% OWL 16% Forest area and 6% OWL
areaarea
Ownership
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
Privateownership
Publicownership
Not classified
1000
ha
Forest
OWL
Forest planning and regulations
0
1 000
2 000
3 000
4 000
5 000
6 000
7 000
8 000
9 000
Forestplanning,
managementregulations
No forestplanning orregulations
Not classified
1000
ha
Forest
OWL
COST ACTION FP0903 International Conference Rome, 5-7 October 2010
Alps Northern-Central Apennines
Southern Apennines and Islands
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Piem
onte
Lom
bard
iaAlto
Adi
geTr
entin
oVen
eto
Friu
li V.G
.Li
guri
a
Emili
a Rom
agna
Tosc
ana
Umbr
iaM
arch
eLa
zio
Abruzz
oM
olis
eCam
pani
aPug
liaBas
ilica
taCal
abria
Sici
liaSa
rdeg
na
Fo
rest
are
a (
%)
private ownershippublic ownership
OWNERSHIP AND MANAGEMENTOWNERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT
COST ACTION FP0903 International Conference Rome, 5-7 October 2010
high foresthigh forest
coppicecoppice
0
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
1,400,000
1,600,000
1,800,000
2,000,000
Alps CentralAppennine
SouthernAppennine
Fo
rest
are
a (
ha
)
SILVICULTURAL SYSTEMSILVICULTURAL SYSTEM
53.7%53.7% 46.3%46.3%
COST ACTION FP0903 International Conference Rome, 5-7 October 2010
PROTECTION STATUS AND NATURALNESSPROTECTION STATUS AND NATURALNESS
Nature conservation areas
0
1 000
2 000
3 000
4 000
5 000
6 000
7 000
Natural parks,reserves
No natureconservation
areas
Not classified
1000
ha Forest
OWL
28,6% of Forest area and 28,6% of Forest area and 29.1 % of OWL are located 29.1 % of OWL are located
in protected areasin protected areas
COST ACTION FP0903 International Conference Rome, 5-7 October 2010
National Forest Service (MiPAAF)
(and Regional Forest Services)
INFC Project
(National Inventory of Forests and of Forest Carbon Pools)
2003 -2007
Funded by the Ministry of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Policies (MiPAAF)
www.infc.it
CRA-MPFForest Monitoring and Planning
Research Unit
Budget management & organization, photointerpretation & field surveys
Project, scientific support, training, data processing
Statistical Consulting
University of SienaDepartment of Quantitative Methods