Project title: WHAT IF…New York´s SEAGRAM Building was a Hybrid buildingby José Gustavo Garzón. “The Millennium´s most important building”. Herbert Muschamp, The New York Times

Design description: This is an unreal scenario n New York, in 1955,imaging that the designers of the famous 39-story Seagram Building,Mis Van Der Rohe and Phillip Johson, knew the technical advance ofmixing steel, concrete and wood in structures (Hybrid structures tech)and could get a low impact on environment, based on materials CO2fingerprint and passive solar building design knowledge.

Key benefit: Mixing concrete and steel in a rigid and heavy base ofthe building, with light and flexible wood slabs around its core andupper levels, can get a lighter building and very resistant to wind(aprox. 41% less dead loads).

Ecological value: A building with a concrete and steel mix in a heavybase, with light and flexible wood slabs around its core and upperlevels, reduces the embodied CO2 in materials by aprox. 68% of thenormal steel + concrete buildings.The redesigning of the structure also allows to change the single-glasswindow system for a double-paned system and to modify some buildingdetails in order to save aprox. 30% of energy consumption.

PROFILE PICTURE OF THE DESIGN

The structure of the SEAGRAM BUILDING is a simple column grid of concrete reinforced withsteel profiles, set at square intervals reflecting the new International 1950 multi-story buildingstyle, with the Mies´ intention to let the structures be expressed as they are.To make the building resistant to wind there is a heavy concrete core until 17th level and from18th to 29th there is a steel structure with struts. Then, simple steel post and beams conformsthe structure of higher levels until 39th level.Mies was asked to protect steel from fire so he had to confined the I-steel columns and beamsinto concrete, as shown in the detail.

Existing I Bronze profiles

Concrete

MAIN STRUCTURE DESIGN DOCUMENT

ENERGY PERFORMANCE

The Building receives the sun by Park Avenue façade, so it should reflect most of the sunradiance in summer. The other faÇades should act as isolation barriers to avoid escaping theheat from the building in winter. But this is not possible because of the design.As seen in the left detail, the windows are composed by single glasses and the assemblybetween the indoor and outdoor parts creates a thermal bridge, so the heat escapes in winter.To improve it there must be isolating materials between indoor and outdoor to break thethermal bridge and also it is necessary to have a double –pane window system.

STEEL STRUCTURE

WITH STRUTS FROM 18th TO 29Tth

LEVEL

HEAVY CONCRETE

CORE UNTIL 17th LEVEL

STEEL POST & BEAMS

STRUCTURE WITH

CONCRETE SLABS

DIAGNOSIS:In a steel structure withconcrete slabs and floor, thereis a heavy weight to becontrolled against the wind asthe building goes up.Also, there is a high embodiedC02 in the materials.

SOLUTION:It can be solved easier, againstwind, introducing increasingnumber of wood slabs as thebuilding goes up.

These slabs can be made ofKerto LVL beams to replacemost of the steel beams andconcrete slabs, within a hybridstructure design concept,imaging that this kind ofconcept was available in 1955.

STEEL STRUCTURE

FOR ELEVATORS AND STAIRS UNTIL 39TH

LEVEL

FIRST FLOOR

LEVEL 2nd to 39th

EXISTING BUILDING

WIND PATTERNS: Main direction: South-west

SEAGRAM Building

Wind comes from southwest in summer and fromnortheast in winter mainly running across Park Avenue, upand down according to seasons. In summer is too warmon the west façade and in winter is too cold on the otherfaçades.

KEY STRUCTURAL INTENTIONS:-To keep concrete core & slabs from1st to 17th level and to change 73% of the floor area to wood slabs.-To keep steel structure and concrete slabs from 18th to 26th level and tochange 73% of the floor area to woodslabs.-To change 100% of the floor area towood slabs, from 27th to 39th level.

Final weight reduction of the dead load

of the building is aprox. 41,00% and this makes the building more resistantto winds and less producer of

embodied CO2: -68,00%To avoid vibration on the faÇades, theexisting aesthetic original bronzeprofiles can make the wood slabs rigid.

STEEL STRUCTURE AND CONCRETE

SLABS FOR THE 27% OF THE FLOOR AREA. LIGHT &

FLEXIBLE WOOD SLABS

FOR THE OTHER 73% OF THE FLOOR

AREA, UNTIL 26th LEVEL

LIGHT & FLEXIBLE WOOD SLABS

FOR THE 100% OF FLOOR AREA, UNTIL

39th LEVEL

18th to 26th level

30th to 39th level

1st to 17th level HEAVY & RIGID CONCRETE CORE FOR THE 27% OF THE FLOOR AREA

AND LIGHT & FLEXIBLE WOOD

SLABSFOR THE OTHER 73%

OF THE FLOOR AREA, UNTIL 17th

LEVEL

Wood slabs onall the floor, from

27th to 39th levels

VERYHEAVY

HEAVY

LIGHT

Leaning steelcolumns around

the core

Wood slabs and wood columns

on the perimeter, from 3rd to 39th

levels

HYBRID STRUCTURE PROPOSAL

Wood + Steel structure according to levels – HYBRID STRUCTURE

WOOD COLUMNS

17th level

3rd level

38th level

WOOD SLABS

STEEL BEAMS

26th level

13th level

Special steelbeam, onefloor high

Special steelbeam, onefloor high

188"

FLOOR NEW LVL WOOD

DECK 1 3/4"

EXISTING

CONCRETE & STEEL COLUMN

22"x22"

EXISTING

STEEL BEAM 16"

187"

NEW LVL

WOOD COLUMN

16"x16"

NEW LVL WOOD COLUMNS FROM

3rd to 13th LEVEL

136"

18"

4"

4"

18"

LVL WOOD

BEAM 18"x3 1/2"

SECTION - ON 13th LEVEL

NEW LVL

WOOD BEAM

18" x7"

NEW LEANING

DOUBLE C STEEL PROFILE 12"x 6"

EACH

NEW

STEEL BEAM 16"

DOUBLE

PANED WINDOW

1/2"-4"-1/2"

I BRONZE

STEEL PROFILE

8"x4"

LVL WOOD

BEAM 18"x3 1/2"

NEW STEEL BEAM 18"X16"

188"

FLOORNEW LVL WOOD

DECK 1-3/4"

EXISTING

CONCRETE & STEEL COLUMN

22"x22"

EXISTING

STEEL BEAM 16"

187"

NEW LVL

WOOD COLUMN

16"x16"

NEW LVL

WOOD COLUMN

16"x16"

NEW LVL WOOD COLUMNS FROM 3rd

to 13th LEVEL

136"

18"

4"

4"

18"

LVL WOOD

BEAM 18"x3 1/2"

SECTION - ON 3rd LEVEL

NEW LVL

WOOD BEAM

18" x7"

NEW LEANING

DOUBLE C STEEL PROFILE 12"x6"

EACH

NEW

STEEL BEAM 16"

DOUBLE

PANED WINDOW

1/2"-4"-1/2"

I BRONZE

STEEL PROFILE

8"x4"

Wood + Steel structure according to levels – HYBRID STRUCTURE

WOOD COLUMNS

17th level

3rd level

38th level

WOOD SLABS

STEEL BEAMS

26th level

13th level

Special steelbeam, onefloor high

EXISTING

CONCRETE & STEEL COLUMN

22"x22"

FLOOR NEW LVL WOOD

DECK 1-3/4"

EXISTING

STEEL BEAM 16"

NEW LVL

WOOD COLUMN

16"x 16"

136"

18"

4"

4"

18" LVL WOOD BEAM

18"x 3-1/2"

SECTION ON 38th LEVEL

NEW LVL

WOOD BEAM

18" x 7"

NEW LEANING

DOUBLE C STEEL PROFILE 12"x 6"

EACH

DOUBLE

PANED WINDOW

1/2"- 4"-1/2"

I BRONZE

STEEL PROFILE

8"x 4"

NEW

STEEL BEAM 16"

NEW STEEL BEAM 18"X 16"

FLOOR NEW LVL WOOD

DECK 1-3/4"

EXISTING

CONCRETE & STEEL COLUMN

22"x 22"

EXISTING

STEEL BEAM 16"

NEW LVL

WOOD COLUMN

16"x 16"

NEW LVL WOOD COLUMNS FROM

26th to 38th LEVEL

136"

18"

4"

4"

18"

LVL WOOD BEAM

18"x 3-1/2"

SECTION ON 26th LEVEL

NEW LVL

WOOD BEAM

18" x 7"

NEW LEANING

DOUBLE C STEEL PROFILE

12"x 6" EACH

NEW

STEEL BEAM 16"

DOUBLE

PANED WINDOW

1/2" -4"-1/2"

I BRONZE

STEEL PROFILE

8"x 4"

Structure according to levels - HYBRID STRUCTURE

HEAVY & RIGID SCREENS ANDSLABS MADE OF CONCRETE FORTHE 27% OF THE FLOOR AREA ANDLIGHT & FLEXIBLE WOOD SLABSFOR THE OTHER 73%. ADDITIONALSTEEL BEAMS IN BLUE COLOR

LIGHT & FLEXIBLE WOOD SLABSFOR THE 100% OF THE FLOORAREA. ADDITIONAL BEAMS IN BLUECOLOR

HEAVY

Additional steel beams and leaningsteel columns (In blue color) aresuggested, from 2nd to 39th level, tomake the building more rigid. Theuse of wooden slabs works to reducethe section of steel beams needed tosupport total loads.Wood columns in the perimeter ofthe façade helps to avoiduncomfortable vibration on theperimeter of each floor.A combination of heavy and rigidcore with a light and flexibleperimeter with wooden slabs, makethe building resistant to earthquakesand winds, durable and moresustainable.

2nd to 17th level 26th to 39th level

The hybrid structure of the building is a mix of concrete screens and slabs with wood slabs in the perimeter (Until 17th level), a mix ofconcrete slabs and wood slabs (Until 26th level) and 100% wood slabs (Until 39th level), taking advantage of the existing hybridsolutions of the21th century:

18th to 25th level

CONCRETE SLABS FOR THE 27% OFTHE AREA AND LIGHT & FLEXIBLEWOOD SLABS FOR THE OTHER 73%OF THE FLOOR AREA. ADDITIONALSTEEL BEAMS IN BLUE COLOR

Additional steelbeams (In blue

color)

Concrete screens and slabs core

Steel corewith struts and concrete slabs

Steel structureand woodslabs core

Wood LVL slabs in the perimeter

Typical slab section - EXISTING STRUCTURE

18"

16" EXISTING STEEL BEAM

48"

16" x 12"

I BEAM40"

345"

8" x 4"

I BEAM

SPACE

CONCRETE SLAB

SUPENDED CEILING

6

FLOOR

SPACE FOR

MECHANICAL, PIPING AND

WIRING

SPACE FOR

MECHANICAL PIPING AND

WIRING

16"

18"

2"

EXISTING STEEL BEAM

24"

18" x 3-1/2"

LVL BEAM36

345"

FLOOR1-3/4" WOODEN DECK

C STEEL

COLUMNS 12"X 20"

16" x 12"

STEEL BEAM

Typical slab section -HYBRID STRUCTURE

Maximum LVL Wood beams length is 20´

WOOD SECTIONS REQUIRED FOR WOOD SLABS AREAS:

Máximun span: 20´

Dead load (p/sf): sf x module Total load (p) Beams (LF) PLF

68,4 580 39.672,00 300 132,24

Kerto-S Catalogue: L/360= Section: 3,5" x 18"= 288,00 OK

Live load (p/sf): 110 psf

Total load (p/sf): sf x module Total load (p) Beams (LF) PLF

178,4 580 103.472,00 300 344,91

Kerto-S Catalogue: L/240= Section: 3,5" x 18"= 410,00 OK

Double-pane window detail for HYBRID STRUCTURE

The bronzemullions can be

not just a decorative profilebut to make the

wooden slabsstiffer to avoid

vibration

Double-panedwindow

29” x 3-1/2” woodLVL beams every

24”

The wood slabsavoid the

thermal bridge present in the

existing buildingenvelope and,

with the help of a new double-pane window

system, a 30% of energyconsumption is

saved

20” x 7” wood LVL beam for the

perimeter

FaÇade assembly for HYBRID STRUCTURE

FAÇADE ASSEMBLY - AT 10th LEVEL

14-1/2´

14-1/2´New Double C

steel columns 16"x 6"

New Double-

pane window system

Existing

I bronze profile 8"x 4"

New LVL wood

beam 18"x 7"

New LVL wood

column 16"x 16"

New I steel

beam 16"x 12"

29´

New LVL wood

beams 18"x 3-1/2"

Basic grid module - HYBRID STRUCTUREBasic grid module - EXISTING STRUCTURE

ALL BUILDING BASIC FLOOR MODULE

29´ x 29

´

STEEL BEAMS

20” x 3-1/2”WOOD LVL BEAMS

29'

STEEL BEAMS

BASIC FLOOR MODULE 29´ x 29´, FOR THE 73% OF THE TOTAL FLOOR AREA (ON 2nd TO 25th LEVELS) AND 100% OF THE TOTAL FLOOR AREA ON 26th

TO 39th LEVELS

29

'

29'

Max

imu

m2

0'

6” CONCRETE SLAB

20” x 14”WOOD LVL COLUMNS

BUILDING FAÇADE

Basic grid module - EXISTING STRUCTURE Basic grid module - HYBRID STRUCTURE

EXISTING STRUCTURE-Level 2nd to 17th:

Dead load: psf

Metal Structure 24

Wood structure 0

Solid concrete 144

Suspended ceiling 5

Floor finishes 30

Mechanical 10

Total dead load 213

HYBRID STRUCTURE-Level 2nd to 17th:

Dead load: psf

Metal Structure 10

Wood structure 9

Solid concrete 81

Suspended ceiling 2

Floor finishes 30

Mechanical 10

Total dead load 142

EXISTING STRUCTURE-Level 30th to 39th:

Dead load: psf

Metal Structure 24

Wood structure 0

Solid concrete 73

Suspended ceiling 5

Floor finishes 30

Mechanical 10

Total dead load 142

Basic grid module - EXISTING STRUCTURE Basic grid module - HYBRID STRUCTURE

EXISTING STRUCTURE-Level 18th to 29th:

Dead load: psf

Metal Structure 24

Wood structure 0

Solid concrete 73

Suspended ceiling 5

Floor finishes 30

Mechanical 10

Total dead load 142

HYBRID STRUCTURE-Level 18th to 25th:

Dead load: psf

Metal Structure 9

Wood structure 9

Solid concrete 20

Suspended ceiling 2

wood Floor + finishes 30

Mechanical 10

Total dead load 80

HYBRID STRUCTURE-Level 26th to 39th:

Dead load: psf

Metal Structure 8

Wood structure 9

Solid concrete 0

Suspended ceiling 0

wood Floor + finishes 30

Mechanical 10

Total dead load 57

EXISTING STRUCTURE DEAD LOADS & CO2 CALCULATIONS: HYBRID STRUCTUREvs

CO2 calculations:EXISTING STRUCTURE:

Material sf/storey psf levels TNCO2/TN Material

STEEL-Level 2nd to 17th 15.576 24 16 5.981.184,00 2.713.065,06 1,85 5.019.170,37

STEEL -Level 18th to 29th 15.576 24 12 4.485.888,00 2.034.798,80 1,85 3.764.377,77

STEEL-Level 30th to 39th 15.576 24 10 3.738.240,00 1.695.665,66 2,85 4.832.647,14

CONCRETE-Level 2nd to 17th 15.576 144 16 35.887.104,00 16.278.390,37 0,35 5.697.436,63

CONCRETE-level 18th to 29th 15.576 73 12 13.644.576,00 6.189.179,67 0,35 2.166.212,89

CONCRETE-level 30th to 39th 15.576 73 10 11.370.480,00 5.157.649,73 0,35 1.805.177,40

23.285.022,20

HYBRID STRUCTURE:

Material sf/storey psf levels TNCO2/TN Material

STEEL-Level 2nd to 17th 15.576 10 16 2.492.160,00 1.130.443,78 1,85 2.091.320,99

STEEL -Level 18th to 29th 15.576 9 12 1.682.208,00 763.049,55 1,85 1.411.641,67

STEEL -Level 30th to 39th 15.576 8 10 1.246.080,00 565.221,89 2,85 1.610.882,38

CONCRETE-Level 2nd to 17th 15.576 81 16 20.186.496,00 9.156.594,59 0,35 3.204.808,10

CONCRETE-Level 18th to 29th 15.576 20 12 3.738.240,00 1.695.665,66 0,35 593.482,98

CONCRETE-Level 30th to 39th 15.576 0 10 0,00 0,00 0,35 -

WOOD-level 2nd to 17th 15.576 9 16 2.242.944,00 1.017.399,40 -0,66 666.396,61-

WOOD-level 18th to 29th 15.576 9 12 1.682.208,00 763.049,55 -0,66 499.797,45-

WOOD-level 30th to 39th 15.576 9 10 1.401.840,00 635.874,62 -0,66 416.497,88-

7.329.444,18

Less embodied CO2 15.955.578,02

Percentage -68,52%

Dead load calculations:EXISITNG STRUCTURE:

sf/floor psf levels pounds TNs

LEVEL 2nd to 17th 15.576 213 16 53.083.008,00 24.078.452,43

LEVEL 18th to 29th 15.576 142 12 26.541.504,00 12.039.226,21

LEVEL 30th to 39th 15.576 142 10 22.117.920,00 10.032.688,51 46.150.367,16

HYBRID STRUCTURE:

sf/floor psf levels pounds TNs

LEVEL 2nd to 17th 15.576 142 16 35.388.672,00 16.052.301,62

LEVEL 18th to 29th 15.576 80 12 14.952.960,00 6.782.662,66

LEVEL 30th to 39th 15.576 57 10 8.878.320,00 4.027.205,95 26.862.170,23

Less dead load 19.288.196,93

Percentage -41,79%

STEEL STRUCTURE,

ALL BUILDING

CONCRETE SLABS, ALL BUILDING

SINGLE GLASS FACADE, ALL

BUILDING

CONCRETE CORE INSIDE UNTIL 17th

FLOOR

EXISTING STRUCTURE PROCESS HYBRID STRUCTURE PROCESS

DOUBLE PANED

WINDOW, ALL BUILDING

CONCRETE CORE INSIDE UNTIL 17th

FLOOR

WOOD SLABS IN THE

PERIMETER, from 2nd to26th LEVEL

WOOD SLABS, ALL FLOOR,

from 26 th to39th LEVEL

WOOD SLABS IN THE

PERIMETER, from 2nd to26th LEVEL

LEANING STEEL COLUMNS IN

THE PERIMETER OF THE BUILDING

I BRONZE MULLIONS ON

FACADE TO AVOID

VIBRATION

Hall of the 1st floor – EXISTING BUILDING Hall of the 1st floor- HYBRID BUILDING

3rd, 25th and 39th levels – EXISTING BUILDING 3rd, 25th and 39th levels - HYBRID BUILDING

Special steelbeam, onefloor high

Interior space (14th Level) - EXISTING BUILDING Interior space (14th Level) - HYBRID BUILDING

FAÇADE – EXISTING BUILDING FAÇADE – HYBRID BUILDING

EXISTING BUILDING HYBRID BUILDING

By José Gustavo Garzón2020