jurnal diare rotavirus

7/14/2019 jurnal diare rotavirus

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/jurnal-diare-rotavirus 1/6

Paediatrica IndonesianaVOLUME 52 NUMBER 1 January

Original Article

22Paediatr Indones, Vol. 52, No. 1, January 2012

Surveillance of rotavirus diarrhea

Titis Widowati1, Achirul Bakrie2, Hera Nirwati3 , Yati Soenarto1

Abstract

Background 5RWDYLUXVLVDPDMRUFDXVHRIVHYHUHGLDUUKHDDQGGHK\GUDWLRQLQFKLOGUHQZRUOGZLGH'DWDRQWKHEXUGHQRIGLVHDVH

in Indonesia is limited.

Objective 7RSURYLGHDQ HSLGHPLRORJLFDO SURILOHRI URWDYLUXVinfection among children hospitalized for diarrhea in Mohammad

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Methods ,Q-DQXDU\'HFHPEHUDSURVSHFWLYHKRVSLWDOEDVHGVXUYHLOODQFHZDVFDUULHGRXWLQFKLOGUHQDJHGOHVVWKDQ

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Results $WRWDORIIHFDOVSHFLPHQVIURPFKLOGUHQZHUHWHVWHGIRUURWDYLUXV5RWDYLUXVZDVGHWHFWHGLQRIWKH

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Conclusion 5RWDYLUXVZDVWKHPRVWFRPPRQSDWKRJHQIRXQGLQFKLOGUHQZLWKGLDUUKHD5RWDYLUXVZDVGHWHFWHGLQRI

pediatric diarrheal specimens tested in our study. This finding

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VXFKDVYDFFLQDWLRQDJDLQVWURWDYLUXV [Paediatr Indones.

2012;52:22-7] .

Keywords: rotavirus, diarrhea, dehydration, G9strain

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0LFURELRORJ\*DGMDK0DGD8QLYHUVLW\0HGLFDO 6FKRRO<RJ\DNDUWD,

Indonesia.

Reprint requests to:7LWLV:LGRZDWL'HSDUWPHQWRI&KLOG+HDOWK0HGLFDO

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)D[([email protected]

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diarrhea in infants and young childrenLQERWKLQGXVWULDOL]HGDQGGHYHORSLQJ

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in particular, is associated with life-threathening

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is estimated to cause 2 million deaths per year,

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Indonesia is one of the countries with greatest

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associated mortality in children younger than 5

years.4

While most deaths are in children from

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Titis Widowati et al: 6XUYHLOODQFHRIURWDYLUXVGLDUUKHD

Paediatr Indones, Vol. 52, No. 1, January 2012 23

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clean water.5,6

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state immunization program should be supported by

information on disease burden, health benefits, and

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hospitalizations for diarrhea in both industrialized and

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Indonesia, was performed to further elucidate the

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infecting strains.

Methods

Children under 5 years of age who were hospitalized

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as passing watery and/or bloody stools, as well as

mucous stool.

The diagnosis of diarrhea was made by the

admitting physician. The study coordinator or

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eligibility. Informed consent was obtained from

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clinical and laboratory characteristics were completed

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the standard treatment protocol, regardless of their

enrollment status.After a subject enrolled, a ward nurse collected

a stool sample within the first 48 hours of hospital

admission. Specimens were stored in a dedicated

refrigerator at 4oC. Study assistants filled forms on

stool sample collections. All stool samples and forms

were then sent to Bio Farma Laboratory, Bandung,

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Cambridgeshire, UK) at the Bio Farma Laboratory.

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PHWKRGGHVFULEHGE\*HQWVFKet al.

All data were entered into a pre-designed data

set by a data entry operator in the hospital and sent to

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Yogyakarta. Written informed consent was obtained

from all subjects’ parents.

Results

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children under 5 years of age who were admitted

and hospitalized at Mohammad Hoesin Hospital,

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VWDWLVWLFDOO\VLJQLILFDQW3 Figure 1).

We plotted the total number of diarrhea cases,

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highest rate occurring between June and August

( Figure 2).

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of 2 years, with the highest incidence occurring inVXEMHFWVDJHG PRQWKV WR \HDUV:H IRXQG

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1 year.

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subjects ( Figure 4).

Figure 1. Rotavirus infection by gender

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

Male Female

Sex

N o . o f s p e c i m

e n s t e s t e d

No. of specimens tested

No. of rotavirus diarrhea

Figure 2. Number of subjects with diarrhea, number of specimens tested and num-ber of rotavirus-positive (RTV pos) cases by month (January – December 2006)

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

J a n

F e b

M a r A p

r M a y J u

n J u l y

A u g

S e p t O c

t N o

v D e

c

No. of cases


RTV pos





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Figure 4. Dehydration levels in children with rotavirus diarrhea compared to those

with non-rotavirus diarrhea

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

N o . o f s p e c i m e n s t e s t e d

No. of rotavirus positive

diarrhea

No. of negative diarrhea

Nodehydration

Moderatedehydration

Severedehydration

Level of dehydration

Figure 3. Age distribution of rotavirus (RTV) diarrhea

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

Month group

No. of cases


RTV pos

0 0 - 0 2

0 3 - 0 5

0 6 - 1 1

1 2 - 2 3

2 4 - 3 5

3 6 - 4 7

4 8 - 5 9





Discussion

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cases in children aged under 5 years to be infected with

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highest incidence in children aged between 6 months

to 2 years. This finding is consistent with a number of

epidemiological studies from other countries.

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occurred year-round, similar to that found in other

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hospitalization.

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significant clinical impact, but also economic impact,

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oral rehydration. A study in Yogyakarta and Central

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worldwide and was also recently identified in Indonesia

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were also the predominant strains in other hospitals,

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found to be predominant in our study. Similarly, a study

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found in neonates.182YHUDOORXUILQGLQJVXSSRUWVWKH

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highly important to determine the circulating strains and

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and an important cause of hospitalization in children

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infection.7KHGHFLVLRQWRLPSOHPHQWDURWDYLUXV

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the lack of awareness of the true disease burden of

Table 1. Clinical manifestations in children with rotavirus diarrhea hospitalized at Mohammad HoesinHospital, Palembang

Clinical symptomsRotavirus (+) cases

n = 326

Rotavirus (-) cases

n = 187

RR

(95% CI)

P

value

Dehydration, n (%)

- Severe, n (%)

- Moderate, n (%)

- None, n (%)Vomiting, n (%)

Mucous stool, n (%)

Bloody stool, n (%)

Fever (%)

307 (94.2)

55 (16.9)

252 (77.3)

19 (5.8)287 (88.0)

146 (44.8)

10 (3.1)

147 (45.1)

166 (88.8)

31 (16.6)

135 (72.2)

21 (11.2)130 (69.5)

97 (51.9)

16 (8.6)

73 (39.0)

1.06 (1.0 to 1.12)

1.25 (0.96 to 1.62)

1.07 (1.00 to 1.15)

Reference1.27 (1.14 to 1.40)

0.86 (0.72 to 1.04)

0.36 (0.17 to 0.77)

1.16 (0.93 to 1.43)

0.03*

0.08

0.03

<0.001

0.12

0.006

0.18

* compared to no dehydration as the reference





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Acknowledgments

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Wahab and Althaf Setyawan (Community Health and Nutrition

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References

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Documents

jurnal diare rotavirus