KARYA TULIS AKHIR

PENGARUH KUALITAS TIDUR TERHADAP VOLUME OKSIGEN

MAKSIMAL (𝑽𝑶𝟐 MAKS) ATLET BASKET PUTRA

Oleh:

HUSNI FARID

201310330311131

UNVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN

2017

KARYA TULIS AKHIR

PENGARUH KUALITAS TIDUR TERHADAP VOLUME OKSIGEN

MAKSIMAL (𝑽𝑶𝟐 MAKS) ATLET BASKET PUTRA

KARYA TULIS AKHIR

Diajukan kepada

Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

untuk Memenuhi Salah Satu Persyaratan

dalam Menyelesaikan Program Sarjana

Fakultas Kedokteran

Oleh :

Husni Farid

201310330311131

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN

2017

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN

LAPORAN HASIL PENELITIAN

Telah Disetujui Sebagai Hasil Penelitian

untuk Memenuhi Persyaratan

Pendidikan Sarjana Fakultas Kedokteran

Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

13 Maret 2017

Pembimbing I

dr. Annisa’ Hasanah

Pembimbing II

dr. Djaka Handaja, MPH

Mengetahui,

Dekan Fakultas Kedokteran

Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Dr. Irma Suswati, M.Kes

KATA PENGANTAR

Syukur alhamdulillah saya panjatkan kepada Allah SWT atas rahmat dan hidayah-

Nya sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan usulan proposal yang berjudul

“Pengaruh Kualitas Tidur Terhadap Volume Oksigen Maksimal (𝑉𝑂2 Maks) Atlet

Basket Putra”.

Penulis menyadari bahwa penyusunan hasil karya tulis akhir ini jauh dari

sempurna, walaupun demikian penulis telah berusaha semaksimal mungkin serta

mendapatkan bantuan dan bimbingan dari para dosen dalam rangka penyusunan.

Tanpa bantuan dan dorongan dari berbagai pihak, sangatlah tidak mudah menjalani

masa perkuliahan hingga pada penyusunan tugas ini selesai.

Akhir kata penulis berharap adanya saran dan kritik yang membangun dan

semoga nantinya penelitian ini dapat menambah wawasan serta bermanfaat bagi

semua pihak.

Malang,

Penulis

DAFTAR ISI

Halaman

HALAMAN JUDUL ........................................................................................... i

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ................................................................................ iii

PERNYATAAN ORISINILITAS ...................................................................... iv

LEMBAR PENGUJIAN ..................................................................................... v

KATA PENGANTAR ......................................................................................... vi

ABSTRAK ........................................................................................................... ix

ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................... x

DAFTAR ISI ....................................................................................................... xi

DAFTAR TABEL ...............................................................................................

............................................................................................................ xi

v

DAFTAR GAMBAR .......................................................................................... xv

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN .......................................................................................

............................................................................................................ xv

i

DAFTAR SINGKATAN ....................................................................................

............................................................................................................ xv

ii

BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN

1.1 Latar Belakang ..................................................................................... 1

1.2 Rumusan Masalah ............................................................................... 3

1.3 Tujuan Penelitian ................................................................................. 3

1.3.1 Tujuan umum ............................................................................. 3

1.3.2 Tujuan khusus ............................................................................ 3

1.4 Manfaat Penelitian ............................................................................... 3

1.4.1 Manfaat Akademis ............................................................................... 3

1.4.2 Manfaat Klinis ..................................................................................... 4

1.4.3 Manfaat Masyarakat ............................................................................ 4

BAB 2 TINJAUAN PUSTAKA

2.1 Olahraga................................................................................................ 5

2.1.1 Energi Berdasarkan Olahraga Erobic dan Anaerobic ................. 5

2.1.2 Intensitas dan Durasi Latihan ..................................................... 6

2.1.3 𝑉𝑂2 Maks .................................................................................. 7

2.1.3.1 Peran sistem kardiovaskular dan respirasi ..................... 7

2.1.3.2 Faktor yang Mempengaruhi 𝑉𝑂2 Maks ......................... 10

2.1.3.3 𝑉𝑂2 Maks Pada Atlet Bola Basket .................................. 17

2.2 Tidur ..................................................................................................... 19

2.2.1 Definisi ....................................................................................... 19

2.2.2 Fisiologi tidur .............................................................................. 20

2.2.3 Tahapan tidur .............................................................................. 21

2.2.4 Kualitas tidur ............................................................................... 24

2.2.5 Penilaian kualitas tidur ................................................................ 26

2.3 Hubungan Kualitas Tidur dengan 𝑉𝑂2 Maks ....................................... 28

2.4 Masalah Tidur ....................................................................................... 29

BAB 3 KERANGKA KONSEPTUAL & HIPOTESIS PENELITIAN

3.1 Kerangka Konseptual Penelitian............................................................ 31

3.2 Hipotesis Penelitian .............................................................................. 32

BAB 4 METODE PENELITIAN

4.1 Jenis dan Rancangan Penelitian ............................................................ 33

4.2 Lokasi dan Waktu Penelitian ................................................................ 33

4.3 Populasi dan Sampel ............................................................................. 33

4.3.1 Populasi ..................................................................................... 33

4.3.2 Sampel ........................................................................................ 33

4.3.3 Besar Sampel .............................................................................. 33

4.3.4 Teknik Pengambilan Sampel ....................................................... 34

4.3.5 Karakteristik Sampel Penelitian ................................................. 34

4.3.5.1 Kriteria inklusi ............................................................... 34

4.3.5.2 Kriteria eksklusi ............................................................. 34

4.3.5.3 Kriteria dropout ............................................................... 34

4.3.6 Variabel Penelitian ...................................................................... 35

4.3.6.1 Variabel bebas ................................................................. 35

4.3.6.2 Variabel tergantung ......................................................... 35

4.3.7 Definisi Operasional .................................................................... 36

4.4 Instrumen Penelitian .............................................................................. 39

4.5 Prosedur Penelitian ............................................................................... 39

4.6 Kerangka Penelitian ............................................................................... 40

4.7 Analisis Data .......................................................................................... 41

BAB 5 HASIL PENELITIAN

5.1 Data Umum Demografi Responden....................................................... 42

5.1.1 Usia .............................................................................................. 42

5.1.2 Kualitas Tidur .............................................................................. 43

5.1.3 Volume Oksigen Maksimal (VO2 maks) ..................................... 45

5.2 Analisi Data Penelitian. ......................................................................... 47

5.2.1 Pengaruh Antara Kualitas Tidur

dengan Volume Oksigen Maksimal ............................................ 47

5.2.2 Uji Chi square .............................................................................. 49

BAB 6 PEMBAHASAN ...................................................................................... 50

BAB 7 KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN

7.1 Kesimpulan ............................................................................................ 58

7.2 Saran ...................................................................................................... 58

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ......................................................................................... 59

LAMPIRAN ........................................................................................................ 63

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

Lampiran Halaman

Lampiran 1 : Permohonan Ketersediaan Menjadi Responden .............................. 62

Lampiran 2 : Persetujuan Menjadi Responden ..................................................... 63

Lampiran 3 : Kuesioner Inklusi ............................................................................ 64

Lampiran 4 : Kesioner PSQI ................................................................................ 65

Lampiran 5 : Data Volume Oksigen Maksimal .................................................... 66

Lampiran 6 : Dokumentasi ................................................................................... 67

Lampiran 7 : Komisi Etik Penelitian .................................................................... 71

Lampiran 8 : Analisis Data 1 ................................................................................ 82

Lampiran 9 : Analisis Data 2 ................................................................................ 83

Lampiran 10 : Kartu Konsultasi............................................................................ 84

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Alison G, Kathleen S, et al., 2008, The Subjective Meaning of Sleep Quality: A

Comparicon of Individuals with and without Insomnia, 31, pp. 383-393.

Anjali N, Smita S, Deshmukh, 2014, A study of VO2 max and body fat percentage

in female athlete, Journal of clinical and diagnostic research, 8, pp. 1-3.

Bandyopadhyay A, 2014, validity of cooper’s 12-minute run test for estimation of

maximum oxygen uptake in male university students, biolsport, 32, pp. 59-63.

Claude B, Tuomo R, James T, 2014, Genomic and genetic in the biology of

adaptation to exercise, Compr phsiol,1(3), pp.1603-1648.

Christopher M, Jordan RM, et al., 2008, Minimal nutrition intervention with high-

protein/low-carbohydrate and low-fat, nutrient-dense food supplement

improves body composition and exercise benefits in overweight adults: A

randomized controlled trial, Biomed central, 5, pp.1-15.

Darmanto D, 2015, Respirologi ( respiratory medicine ), edisi 2, EGC, Jakarta. Pp,

5-21.

Dragan M, Slobodan P, 2013, The differences in aerobic capacity of basketball

players in different playing positions, Physical Education and Sport,

vol.11,pp 73-80.

Dewi Putri Wulandari, 2013, Hubungan INDEKS Massa Tubuh dan Volume

Oksigen Maksimal VO2 MAKS dengan Metode QUEEN’S COLLEGE STEP

TEST pada Remaja Usia 13 – 15 tahun di SMPN 4 Sukoharjo, Universitas

Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, pp.1-13.

Dilshad M, Jamal A, Wassilatul Z, et al.,2015, Validity of the Pittsburgh Sleep

Quality Index in Indian University Students, 30, pp. 193-202.

Elisabeth E, Erlend H, dan Sigmund A, 2014, End criteria for reaching maximal

oxygen uptake must be strict and adjusted to sex and age: a cross-sectional

study, Norwegian school sport sciences, department of sport medicine, 9,

pp.1-8.

Elvind W, Morten S, et al, 2013, exercise training induced changes in metabolic

capacity with age: the role of central cardiovascular plasticity, PMC, pp.1-

12.

Harvey R, Colten, dan Bruce MA, 2006, sleep disorder and sleep deprivation: an

unmet public health problem, The National Academies press,

Washington,DC, pp. 33-49.

Haslan M, Delmi S, Afriwardi, 2013, hubungan indeks massa tubuh dengan

ketahanan kardiorespirasi, kekuatan dan ketahanan otot dan fleksibilitas pada

mahasiswa laki-laki jurusan pendidikan dokter universitas andalas angkatan

2013,fkunand,pp. 1-9.

Jornan J, Intan W, Hedison P, 2013, Pengaruh latihan fisik aerobic terhadap

vo2maks pada mahasiswa pria dengan berat badan lebih (overweight), jurnal

e-biomedik, volume 1, nomer 2, pp.1-5.

John EH, Arthur C.G, 2014, Fisiologi Olahraga, In: Djauhari Widjajakusuma,

Guyton dan Hall buku ajar fisiologi kedokteran, 12th ed, Elsevier, Singapore,

pp. 1117-1128.

Kaplan Ha, Sadock B, Grebb J, 2010, Tidur Normal dan Gangguan Tidur, In: I

Made Wiguna, 1Sinopsis psikiatri Ilmu pengetahuan perilaku psikiatri klinis,

jilid 2, Binarupa Aksara, Tangerang, pp.210-216.

Kharisma T, Rimbawan, 2015, tingkat kecukupan zat gizi, aktivitas fisik, dan

kebugaran kardiorespiratori pegawai PT. INDOCEMENT bogor, pp.1-8.

Larson C, 2015, VO2 max-effort lift, Crossfitjournal, pp.1-4

Lyndon Saputra, 2013, catatan ringkas kebutuhan dasar manusia, Binarupa aksara

publisher, Tangerang, pp. 228-242.

Moses, 2015, Kombinasi Drill dalam latihan sirkuit bola basket, 15 mei 2016,

https://latihanbasket.co/2015/07/04/kombinasi-drill-dalam-latihan-sirkuit-

bola-basket/

Mackenzie B, (1997) Cooper VO 2 max, 25 september 2016,

https://www.brianmac.co.uk/gentest.htm.

Manzar D, Jamal A, David W, et al, 2015, Validity of the Pittsburgh sleep quality

index in indian University Students, Oman medical journal, vol. 30, pp.193-

202

Mark L, Melinda S, Barbara W, et al, 2004, comparison of vo2 peak during

treadmill and cycle ergometry in severely overweight youth, journal of sport

science and medicine, 3, pp. 254-260

Maurice M, Mary A, Guilleminault, 2004, Meta-Analysis of Quantitative Sleep

Parameters From Childhood to Old in Healthy Individuals: Developing

Normative Sleep Values Across the Human Lifespan, 27, pp. 1255-1273.

Michael J, Darren P, 2015, Regulation of increased blood flow (hyperemia) to

muscle during exercise: a hierarchy of competing physiological needs,

American physiological society, 95(2), pp. 549-601.

PERBASI, 2016, sejarah bola basket, 9 mei 2016, http://perbasi.or.id/sejarah-bola-

basket-indonesia/

Phil Davies, 2015, VO2 MAX Aerobic Power & Maximal Oxygen Uptake, 25

september 2016, http://www.sport-fitness-advisor.com/VO2max.html.

Putri K, Ieva B, Arief B, 2015, hubungan kebugaran jasmani dan lemak tubuh pada

kelompok senam dan kelompok tidak senam, pp. 1-7

Robert F Chapman, 2013, The individual response to training and competition at

altitude, department of kinesiology,47, pp.1-6.

Robert A Roberg, 2001, An exercise physiologist’s “contemporary” interpretation

of the “ugly and creaking edifices” of the vo2max concept, journal of exercise

physiologionline, pp.1-44

Robert A dan Roberto L, 2002, The surprising history of the “HRmax= 220-age”

equation, volume 5, ASEP, pp.1-10.

Robert F chapman, 2013, the individual response to training and competition at

altitude, review, pp.1-6.

Santosa G, et al., 2013, Olahdaya Metabolisme, In: Adriyani Kamsyach, Ilmu Faaal

Olahraga ( Fisiologi Olahraga), PT Remaja Rosdakarya, bandung, pp. 116-

128.

Setty P, Padmanabha BV, Doddmani BR, 2014, Correlation between obesity and

cardio respiratory fitness, Departement of Physiology, 2, pp.298-302.

Shiri SD, et al., 2013, Waist circumference vs body mass index in association with

cardiorespiratory fitness in healthy men and women: across sectional

analysis of 403 subject, Biomed central, 12, pp.1-8.

Tim N, 2016, 100 fakta seputar tidur yang perlu anda tahu, Gramedia, Jakarta.

Tuomilehto H, Ville, Elina, et al.,2017, Sleep of Professional Athletes:

Underexploited Potential to Improve Health, 35, pp.704-710.

Yunitaningrum W, 2014, Kemampuan Volume Oksigen Maksimal Atlet Pusat

Pendidikan dan Latihan Pelajar Sepak Takraw Kalimantan Barat, Universitas

Negeri Semarang, Semarang, 4, pp. 64-65.

Yi H, Shin K, dan Shin C, 2005, Development of the sleep quality scale, European

sleep research society, 15, pp.309-316.

Zisko N, Stensvold D, et al., 2015, Effect of Change in VO2max on Daily Total

Energy Expenditure in a Cohort of Norwegian Men: A Randomized Pilot

Study, center for exercise in medicine at department of circulation and

medical imaging, Norwegian university of science and technology, 9, pp. 50-

57.