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Rice Culture, a Heritage of Asian History

July 5~7, 2007

Bangkok ,Thailand

Dr .Yoo Man HUH

Vice President, ICID

Rep. of KOREA



3

INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007

Bangkok ,Thailand

Structure of the presentation

1 Paddy Farming

2 Economic Aspects

3 Cultural & Social Aspects

4 Multi-functionality of Paddy Farming

5 Conclusions



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Bangkok ,Thailand

Paddy farming is…

In Wikipedia

“a flooded parcel of arable land used for growing rice andother semi aquatic crops.

Paddy fields are a typical feature of rice-growing countries

of east and southeast Asiaincluding Malaysia, China, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand,

Korea, Japan, Vietnam, Taiwan, Indonesia, India, andthe Philippines.”

1

http://www.ers.usda.gov/Briefing/Rice/Gallery/gallery2005/MajorRiceImporting.gif

http://www.ers.usda.gov/Briefing/Rice/Gallery/gallery2005/MajorRiceExporting.gif

http://www.ers.usda.gov/Briefing/Rice/Gallery/gallery2005/MajorRiceExporting.gif

http://www.ers.usda.gov/Briefing/Rice/Gallery/gallery2005/MajorRiceImporting.gif



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Population

Arable land

Trend of population & Arable land



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Paddy farming

Hay stacks on stilts in paddy field ,Karnataka(L.Shyamal, 2006)


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Scarecrow: A paddy field in Japan (Wikipedia, 2007)




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Paddy farming

Rice terraces, Longji, Guangxi Province, China(Doron, May 2000)




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Paddy farming

Terrace rice fields in Yunnan Province, China(Jialiang Gao, 2003)




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Paddy farming

The photo of paddy field in India.(Nvineeth, 2006)




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Origin of Rice

Widespread in Asian(East and Southeast)Origin of “Rice” : from Ancient India Sanskrit

Vrihi, Ni, Nuan

Similar Korean “Non” for paddy field

Malaysia, the Philippines-”Badi”, “Bindi” for ricein Korean “Beo”- meaning rice grain




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Origin of Rice

Rice (genus Oryza) is tolerant to hot, humid,

flooded conditions and grows in saline, alkaline and

acidic soils.

Of 23 Oryza species, two are cultivated: Oryza sativa

, which originated in the humid tropics of Asia, and

O. glaberrima, from West Africa.

Asian cultivated rice has evolved into three eco-

geographic races - indica, japonica and javanica

(Source:International year of rice 2004,IRRI).

Source: http://www.fao.org/rice2004/en/rice-us.htm




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Paddy farming in Asia

Cultural & Social

Aspects

Economic

Aspects

Environmental

Aspects




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Rice in Asia

IRRI :




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Rice in Korea

BC 300 – AD 670




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Cliiper Russel(Eco-

economist)Paddy field with goldenwave and scarecrowwith white garment in

fall is the one of theattractive scenery inthe world

Paddy Fields Landscape




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Economic aspects of rice

Rice production

China India Indo Bang JP USA Kr

50

100

150

200

Million ton

1

2

34

9

11.3

12

7.49.6

11

2

4 S i i S i 200




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2 Economic aspects of rice

INWEPF 4 h S i M i d S i J l 5 7 2007




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INWEPF 4th St i M ti d S i J l 5 7 2007




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Rice price outlook

Source: USDA, Rice Outlook

Dollar/tonMedium grain

Long grain






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•International rice supply and outlook

Class

2004/0

5

2005/06

(Estimate)

2006/07(outlook) Change(%)

2006.12 2007.1 Previous year

PreviousmonthProducti

on400.5 415.5 416.4 415.0 -0.1 -0.3

Supply 485.6 493.7 496.8 495.5 0.4 -0.3

Consume 407.7 413.2 418.2 417.7 1.1 -0.1

Trade 28.4 27.8 28.2 28.9 4.0 2.7

Stock In previous yr

%

78.2 80.4 78.6 77.7 -3.4 -1.1

19.2 19.5 18.8 18.6

Source: USDA, World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates, January 12, 2007.

(Unit: million ton)





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Cultural & Social Aspects of rice3

Paddy Fields turn yellow in Autumn, KOREA




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In the Mythology of GoChosun

Mother of Ju-mong, “Gog Mo Sin”, Goddess to

manage the agriculture Tradition to lay kernels of rice on the mat in the

palanquin

One of the important role of mother is to

manage the rice kernel for their family survival To serve their ancestor shrine by pure rice

Rice, in the middle of Korean history

INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and S mposi m J l 5 7 2007



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Bangkok ,Thailand

Meaning of Rice in Chinese Character

88 times hand care until harvest.

Rice day? August 18米

How many processes needed for rice?Shape of rice head?

INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5 7 2007



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Bangkok ,Thailand

Life Cycle of Rice

Plant: intensive labor

Harvest: Alcohol drink,Rice cake, soft drink,sweets, snack, etc. morethan hundreds

Post harvest: Thatch-

Mat” ”멍석 , shoes ” 집쌔

”기




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Rice and Culture in Korea

“ ”성주대감 Sung JuDae Gam, Pot to keeprice at home, treat as asanctuary.

“Sung ju”: a householdguardian, tutelary deity

Function of the pot: tomake household blessedand comfortable




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Feet is twisted when stepping rice kernels.

Spoiling rice makes abort.

Rice storage represents generosity of the

household.

Rice in the Proverbs

Tradition to respect rice, andIt goes with history of Korea rooted in the life




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Rice in the Korean Culture (Poem)

나 는 듣 고 있 네

내 안 에 들 어 와

피 가 되 고 살 이 되 고

뼈 가 되 는

한 톨 의 쌀 의 노 래

그 가 춤 추 는 소 리 를

쌀 의 고 운 웃 음

가 득 히 흔 들 리 는 우 리 의 겸 허 한 들 판 은

꿈 에 서 도 잊 을 수 없 네

하 얀 쌀 을 씻 어

밥 을 안 치 는 엄 마 의 마 음 으 로

날 마 다 새 롭 게

희 망 을 안 쳐 야 지

적 은 양 의 쌀 이 불 어

많 은 양 의 밥 이 되 듯

적 은 분 량 의 사 랑 으 로 도

나 눌 수 록 넘 쳐 나 는 사 랑 의 기 쁨

갈 수 록 살 기 힘 들 어 도

절 망 하 지 말 아 야 지

밥 을 뜸 들 이 는 기 다 림 으 로

모 락 모 락 피 어 오 르 는 희 망 으 로

내 일 의 식 탁 을 준 비 해 야 지 .

- 이해 인 -




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Rice in the Music and Dancing

INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7 2007



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Rice and Culture in Asia

Paddy solved housing, food and fuel in traditional farm village




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Rice in Asia

Source: M. A. Bell et. Al., 2000, Research for development: IRRI’s in country roles p9-10




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Rice in Asia




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INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5 7, 2007

Bangkok ,Thailand

Rice area in the world




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Rice in Asia




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Rice is• The main source of employment, income

and nutrition in many poor, food insecureregions of the world

• Calories source of 530 million people less

than US $1 a day, about 60-70 % of totalfood intake.• Principal activity and source of income for

about 100 million households in Asia and

AfricaSource: M. A. Bell et. Al., 2000, Research for development: IRRI’s in country roles p9-10

Rice in Asia




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Bangkok ,Thailand

Rice is a major daily life in Asian

countries

Rice is a central part of many cultures and

some countries even credit rice cultivation

with the development of their civilization. It

is remarkable that almost every culture has

its own way of harvesting, processing and

eating rice and these different traditionsare, in fact, part of the world's cultural

heritage(FAO, 2004).





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Rice has been a life for long times

Thousands of years ago, people from East

to South Asia settled throughout river

deltas and domesticated wild rice.

The productivity of wetland rice crops led to

population growth and to the development

of society and civilization.





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g g y p y ,

Bangkok ,Thailand

Rice versus culture

Rice cultivation, the intense labour needed Social habits and landscape shapedCommunity structures and a corresponding

culture of rice created Inspired songs, paintings, stories, festivals

Rice culture created Asian’s culture, custom,

Tradition and life style.

Source: M. A. Bell et. Al., 2000, Research for development: IRRI’s in country roles p9-10




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g g y p y ,

Bangkok ,Thailand

Multi-functionality of paddy farming

Food security

Flood controlGroundwater recharge

Reduction of soil loss

Air purification

Enhancement of biodiversity

4




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g g y p y ,

Bangkok ,Thailand

Conclusions

Not just economic approach because it is

a matter of identity: not just a matter of foodand cost

-Asia, central part of culture

-Principal source of income for 100 mill house

a matter of life

-expensive, not give a birth?

-why you invest for emergency, food?

5




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g g y p y ,

Bangkok ,Thailand

Peculiarity of Asian monsoon region

- Climate conditions and regional characteristicsare totally different from non paddy areas

- climate change and diverse functions of paddyfarming should be taken into account

Social and traditional components should beconsidered for policy making in the paddyfarming in Asia ,especially in monsoon and

tropical region.

5 Conclusions




g g y p y ,

Bangkok ,Thailand

Thank you for your listening

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