Kingdom: PROTISTA Chapter 20 UNIT 4 Part 1: Protists & Fungi
Slide 2 REVIEW: Eukaryotic Cell 1.Where is the DNA located? 2.What
type of organelles do they have? 3.Size compared to prokaryotes?
Slide 3 ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY Lynn Margulis: Hypothesized that the
FIRST Eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells By SYMBIOSIS
when two organisms depend on each other for survival. The
Endosymbiotic Theory (Examples) MITOCHONDRIA (cell developed into
organelle) Originally a prokaryotic cell that used aerobic
respiration to provide energy for the host cell... Host cell
provided shelter CHLOROPLASTS (cell developed into organelle)
Originally a prokaryotic cell that used photosynthesis to make food
for host cell Slide 4 EVIDENCE for Endosymbiotic Theory ORGANELLES
Mitochondria & Chloroplast Similar size and structure of
Bacteria Have Ribosomes MEMBRANE Mitochondria & Chloroplast
Double membrane similar to Bacteria DNA Mitochondria &
Chloroplast Contain own DNA, circular in structure like bacteria
Makes own proteins REPRODUCTION Mitochondria & Chloroplast
Replicate/divides on own through process of binary fission (like
bacteria) Slide 5 Protista means very First. Very First Eukaryotes,
which gave rise to Fungi, Plants, and Animals Slide 6
Characteristics Of PROTIST EUKARYOTIC CELLS: Unicellular and
Multicellular Heterotrophic and Autotrophic Classified best by what
the are NOT: Not ANIMALS because No period of embryonic development
Not PLANTS because No structures that protect gametes No period of
embryonic development Not FUNGI because No chitin in cell walls
Slide 7 ANIMAL-like PROTIST (Protozoans) QUALITIES similar to
animals Motion, heterotrophic, sexual reproduction Protozoans first
animals Classified bases on LOCOMATION 1.ZOOFLAGELLATES Flagella
(used to swim) 2.SARCODINES Pseudopod (false foot) 3.CILIATES Cilia
(move like tiny oars) 4.SPOROZOANS (none) Slide 8 Examples of
Animal-Like Prostist Trichonympha (zooflagellate) Live in gut of
Termite and help digest cellulose (example of a symbiotic
relationship) Amoeba (sarcodine) Amebic Dysentery is caused by an
amoeba spread by contaminated drinking water Attack intestinal wall
and cause sever diarrhea & bleeding Paramecium (ciliate) Is a
predator of the microscopic world. Plasmodium (sporozoan) Found in
salivary glands of mosquitoes (Malaria) Slide 9 Plasmodium
(continued) Cause MALARIA in humans Transmitted by the Anopheles
mosquito (plasmodium living in salivary glands) Plasmodium
Sporozoites go to liver (incubate 10days) Enter blood stream
destroying RBCs toxins released causing chills and fever There are
Drugs to treat malaria, but some strains are resistant Individuals
who are Heterozygous for Sickle Cell are immune Slide 10
ZOOFLAGELLATE AMEOBA PARAMECIUM Slide 11 Slide 12 Plasmodium
undergoes several stages of development in mosquitos body
Plasmodium Life Cycle Causing Malaria Mosquito bites human,
injecting saliva that contains Plasmodium sporozoites Plasmodium
sporozoites Sporozoites infect liver cells Liver Infected liver
cells burst, releasing Plasmodium cells that infect red blood cells
Plasmodium cells Red blood cells Infected red blood cells burst,
releasing Plasmodium cells; some can infect other red blood cells,
and others can infect mosquitoes Anopheles mosquito bites infected
human and picks up Plasmodium cells Go to Section: Slide 13
PLANT-like PROTIST ( Algae ) QUALITIES similar to PLANTS
Chloroplasts, autotroph, carry out photosynthesis CHLOROPHYLL
pigment that traps energy from light Commonly called ALGAE
Classified bases on Accessory PIGMENTS 1. 4 Types of Unicellular 2.
3 Types of Multicellular Slide 14 Examples of Unicellular
Plant-Like Euglena (Euglenophyte) move w/ flagella Contain
chloroplast (autotrophs) Also Can ingest food when no light
(heterotrophs), uses eye spot to locate light Dinoflagellates (fire
plants) Bioluminescent (produce light) Large masses (algal blooms)
cause RED TIDES Toxins caused by RED TIDES accumulate in shell fish
Diatoms (very beautiful) Cell walls have silicon (found in glass)
Main marine producer; water quality indicator Slide 15 EUGLENA
DINOFLAGELLATE DIATOMS Slide 16 RED TIDES ( cased by
Dinoflagellates) When shellfish are Eaten by humans, Can causes
paralytic Shellfish poisoning, A deadly Neurological Disease. Slide
17 Examples of Multicellular Plant-Like RED algae Play an important
role in formation (stabilizing) coral reefs (salt water) BROWN
algae Found in shallow coastal waters, form giant floating mats (km
long) Also giant kelp (salt water) GREEN algae Most similar to
plants cell walls have cellulose & store food in form of starch
Many are single cells that live as colonies some are multicellular
(fresh and salt water) Slide 18 RED ALGAE Slide 19 BROWN ALGAE
GIANT KELP Slide 20 GREEN ALGAE VOLVOX Slide 21 ALGAE - ECOLOGICAL
IMPACT PHYTOPLANKTON Algae is the major component; found near
surface of ocean BASE of aquatic food chain (grass of the sea)
PHOTOSYNTHESIS Algae produces HALF of earths OXYGEN ALGAL BLOOM
Most are harmless But can deplete water of nutrients ROB water of
oxygen killing fish RED TIDE contaminates shellfish Slide 22
PHYTOPLANKTON Slide 23 ALGAE HUMAN USES NUTRIENT AGAR Made from
seaweed to grow bacteria TREAT HEALTH PROBLEMS Rich in Vitamin C
and Iron Stomach Ulcers High Blood Pressure Arthritis FOODS Nori
(sushi, wraps fish etc) Ice cream Salad dressing Pudding Candy bars
Slide 24 FUNGUS-like PROTIST QUALITIES similar to FUNGI
Heterotrophic (consume dead and decaying matter) Produce spores
Live in damp, nutrient rich environments Classified into Groups 1.
Slime Molds 2. Water Molds Slide 25 FUNGUS LIKE - ECOLOGICAL IPMACT
RECYCLERS Key role in breaking down dead and decaying matter
TOPSOIL Provides nutrient rich topsoil WATER MOLDS In water,
beneficial decomposers On land, are Plant Parasites cause mildew or
blight (grapes, potatoes, & tomatoes) Slide 26 SLIME MOLD WATER
MOLD POTATOE BLIGHT
