2
T H E LABORATORY ASPECTS OF SEXUAL CRIME* BY H . S. HOLDEN Director o f the Metropolitan Police Forensic Science Laboratory There a r e two groups o f offences i n this country i n which t h e police have normally sought t h e help o f t h e medical profession, namely, t h e various crimes involving violence-such a s murder, attemp- t e d murder, grievous bodily harm, a n d t h e like- a n d t h e whole range of sexual offences. Since th e establishment during t h e last decade o f government-sponsored forensic science laboratories, help from these institutions has also been looked for; and. i t i s obviously desirable t o have close a n d efficient co-operation between t h e members f t h e medical profession a n d t h e staffs o f t h e forensic science laboratories. Divisions of Sexual Crime F o r t h e purpose o f this paper, sexual crimes m a y be divided into three fairly well-defined groups -namely: (1) indecent assaults o f varying degrees o f gravity; (2) rape, attempted rape, a n d carnal knowledge; ( 3 ) sodomy, bestiality, a n d gross indecency with males. Indecent Assault.-Of these, t h e less serious forms o f indecent assault a r e t h e most difficult t o establish. T h tearful or excited child's complaint t o i t s mother, a n d t h e demonstration, from an examination o f t h e clothing o f suspect a nd victim, o close association a r e frequently a l l that i s available t o go upon. T h e child's private parts should o f course b e examined b y some competent medical practitioner although t h e findings are usually negative. I t should be borne i n. mind that in most cases o f assault o f this type the children cQme from t h e poorer class o f home, where t h e daily t u b i s n o t t h e rule. Such children ma y show signs o f redness a n d irritation o f t h e pudenda which, whilst suggesting interference, m a y be due, as i n a n example which passed through m y hands, t o threadworm infection. I n this particular instance a swab from t h e labia revealed a living threadworm a d numbers o f ova. T h e grosser type f indecent agsault takes t h e form o f using t h e child as a n agent ofmasturbation b y indulging i n intercrural coitus. A typical example o f a n offence o f this character i s provided b y a case which came from a LincoLnshire seapide town. Three small girls, accompanied b y a *A n address t o t h e Medical Society f o r t h e Study of Venereal Diseases, February 2 6 , 1948. rough-haired terrier, were approached b y a strange m a n w h o gave them sweets and took them o n t o thesandhills where h e indecently assaulted a l l three. story, when they returned home, l e d t h e parents t o communi- cate with the police, a n d their cloihing was p u t aside f o r examination. B y a lucky chance o n e o f t he children, o u t walking with h e r mother, s a w th e man on t h e s e a front the next day. T h e police were informed, an d th e m a n was interviewed a n d later charged with t h e offence. Examination o f t he children's clothing.showed seminal stains o n t h e inner surface of t h e knickers o f a l l three, whilst t h e clothing o f the accused n o t only showed seminal stains o n t h e outside of t h e trousers b u t d o g hairs which matched those of t h e rough-haired terrier h i s trousers, scarf, a n d overcoat. Most damning evidence of a l l w a s provided b y a number o f coloured wool fibres adhering t o h i s trouser flies which agreed i n every detail with t h e wool fibres of t h e knitted frock worn b y o n e of the children. T h e children h d been medically examined, a n d i t was reported that t h e labia o f on e o f them we e red a n d inflamed. It subsequently transpired, however, that this condition w a s du e t o t h e action o f a n over-zealous mother w h o h a d dabbed t h e child's private parts with strong disinfectant t o guard against possible infection. In cases such a s t h e o n e just described there w a s abundant evidence leading t o conviction, a n d frequently i n cases o f rape t h e evidence, provided t h e complaint i s a genuine one, i s unequivocal, especially where a n y degree o f violence h as been used. This evidence usually takes t h e form o f more or less severe bruising o r more serious injury, o f torn a n d damaged clothing, and, o f course, o f seminal material i n t h e vagina where complete intercourse h a s occurred. Where t h e victim i s a virgin there i s t h e additional evidence yielded b y t h e blood stains from t h e ruptured hymen. An examination o f t h e suspect's clothing i n such cases usually reveals seminal stains associated with blood a n d traces o f vaginal debris o n a n d about t h e trouser flies a n d o n t h e front l a p o f t h e shirt. I t should not, however, b e lost sight o f that, apart from injury a n d other evidences o f i ll treatment a n d rough usage, t h e finding o f semen, bloodstains, a n d vaginal debris provides proof o f sexual intercourse only, a nd not o f rape. There i s however a strong presumption o f rape where t h e female i s a child o f tender years. A case o f this kind from t h e city o f Nottingham w a s remarkable f o r t h e variety o f material which proved t o have high evidentialvalue. 6 8

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THE LABORATORY

ASPECTS

OF SEXUAL CRIME*

BY

H . S . HOLDEN

D i r e c t o r o f

t h e

M e t r o p o l i t a n

P o l i c e F o r e n s i c S c i e n c e L a b o r a t o r y

T h e r e

a r e t w o g r o u p s

o f o f f e n c e s i n

t h i s c o u n t r y

i n w h i c h t h e p o l i c e h a v e n o r m a l l y s o u g h t t h e h e l p

o f t h e m e d i c a l p r o f e s s i o n ,

n a m e l y , t h e

v a r i o u s

c r i m e s i n v o l v i n g

v i o l e n c e - s u c h a s

m u r d e r , a t t e m p -

t e d

m u r d e r , g r i e v o u s b o d i l y h a r m ,

a n d t h e l i k e -

a n d

t h e

w h o l e r a n g e o f s e x u a l o f f e n c e s .

S i n c e t h e

e s t a b l i s h m e n t

d u r i n g t h e l a s t d e c a d e o f

g o v e r n m e n t - s p o n s o r e d f o r e n s i c s c i e n c e

l a b o r a t o r i e s ,

h e l p

f r o m t h e s e i n s t i t u t i o n s

h a s a l s o b e e n l o o k e d

f o r ;

a n d .

i t i s o b v i o u s l y

d e s i r a b l e t o h a v e c l o s e a n d

e f f i c i e n t

c o - o p e r a t i o n b e t w e e n

t h e

m e m b e r s f t h e

m e d i c a l p r o f e s s i o n a n d

t h e s t a f f s o f t h e

f o r e n s i c

s c i e n c e l a b o r a t o r i e s .

D i v i s i o n s o f S e x u a l

C r i m e

F o r t h e p u r p o s e o f t h i s p a p e r ,

s e x u a l

c r i m e s

may

b e d i v i d e d i n t o

t h r e e f a i r l y w e l l - d e f i n e d g r o u p s

- n a m e l y : ( 1 ) i n d e c e n t

a s s a u l t s o f

v a r y i n g

d e g r e e s

o f

g r a v i t y ; ( 2 )

r a p e , a t t e m p t e d r a p e , a n d c a r n a l

k n o w l e d g e ;

( 3 ) s o d o m y , b e s t i a l i t y ,

a n d g r o s s

i n d e c e n c y w i t h m a l e s .

I n d e c e n t A s s a u l t . - O f

t h e s e , t h e l e s s s e r i o u s f o r m s

o f

i n d e c e n t a s s a u l t a r e

t h e m o s t

d i f f i c u l t t o

e s t a b l i s h .

T h t e a r f u l o r e x c i t e d c h i l d ' s c o m p l a i n t t o i t s m o t h e r ,

a n d

t h e d e m o n s t r a t i o n ,

f r o m

a n e x a m i n a t i o n o f t h e

c l o t h i n g o f

s u s p e c t

a n d

v i c t i m , o c l o s e a s s o c i a t i o n

a r e

f r e q u e n t l y a l l t h a t i s a v a i l a b l e

t o g o

u p o n .

T h e

c h i l d ' s

p r i v a t e p a r t s s h o u l d

o f

c o u r s e b e

e x a m i n e d

b y

s o m e c o m p e t e n t m e d i c a l p r a c t i t i o n e r

a l t h o u g h

t h e f i n d i n g s a r e u s u a l l y

n e g a t i v e . I t

s h o u l d b e

b o r n e

i n . m i n d t h a t i n m o s t c a s e s o f a s s a u l t o f t h i s

t y p e t h e c h i l d r e n

c Q m e

f r o m t h e p o o r e r c l a s s o f

h o m e , w h e r e t h e d a i l y

t u b i s n o t

t h e r u l e .

S u c h

c h i l d r e n may

s h o w s i g n s o f r e d n e s s a n d i r r i t a t i o n o f

t h e p u d e n d a w h i c h , w h i l s t s u g g e s t i n g i n t e r f e r e n c e ,

may

b e

d u e , a s i n

a n

e x a m p l e

w h i c h p a s s e d

t h r o u g h

m y h a n d s , t o t h r e a d w o r m i n f e c t i o n .

I n t h i s

p a r t i c u l a r

i n s t a n c e a s w a b

f r o m t h e l a b i a r e v e a l e d

a

l i v i n g

t h r e a d w o r m a d

n u m b e r s o f o v a .

T h e

g r o s s e r t y p e f

i n d e c e n t a g s a u l t

t a k e s

t h e

f o r m o f

u s i n g t h e c h i l d a s a n a g e n t o f m a s t u r b a t i o n

b y i n d u l g i n g i n

i n t e r c r u r a l c o i t u s .

A

t y p i c a l e x a m p l e

o f

a n o f f e n c e o f t h i s c h a r a c t e r

i s

p r o v i d e d

b y a

c a s e

w h i c h

c a m e f r o m a L i n c o L n s h i r e

s e a p i d e

t o w n . T h r e e s m a l l g i r l s ,

a c c o m p a n i e d b y a

*An a d d r e s s

t o t h e M e d i c a l

S o c i e t y

f o r t h e S t u d y o f V e n e r e a l

D i s e a s e s , F e b r u a r y 2 6 , 1 9 4 8 .

r o u g h - h a i r e d t e r r i e r , w e r e a p p r o a c h e d

b y a s t r a n g e

m an

who g a v e

t h e m

s w e e t s a n d

t o o k

t h e m on t o

t h e s a n d h i l l s

w h e r e

h e i n d e c e n t l y

a s s a u l t e d

a l l t h r e e .

s t o r y ,

w h e n t h e y

r e t u r n e d h o m e ,

l e d t h e

p a r e n t s

t o c o m m u n i -

c a t e w i t h t h e p o l i c e ,

a n d

t h e i r

c l o i h i n g

w a s

p u t

a s i d e

f o r

e x a m i n a t i o n . B y

a

l u c k y

c h a n c e o n e o f

t h e

c h i l d r e n ,

o u t w a l k i n g

w i t h h e r

m o t h e r ,

s a w

t h e m a n on t h e s e a

f r o n t t h e

n e x t d a y .

T h e

p o l i c e

w e r e

i n f o r m e d ,

a n d t h e

man

w a s

i n t e r v i e w e d

a n d

l a t e r

c h a r g e d

w i t h

t h e o f f e n c e .

E x a m i n a t i o n o f t h e

c h i l d r e n ' s

c l o t h i n g . s h o w e d

s e m i n a l

s t a i n s o n t h e i n n e r

s u r f a c e

o f t h e

k n i c k e r s

o f a l l

t h r e e ,

w h i l s t

t h e c l o t h i n g

o f

t h e

a c c u s e d

n o t

o n l y

s h o w e d

s e m i n a l s t a i n s

o n

t h e o u t s i d e

o f

t h e t r o u s e r s b u t

d o g

h a i r s

w h i c h m a t c h e d

t h o s e

o f

t h e

r o u g h - h a i r e d

t e r r i e r

h i s

t r o u s e r s , s c a r f ,

a n d

o v e r c o a t .

M o s t

d a m n i n g

e v i d e n c e

o f a l l w a s p r o v i d e d b y

a n u m b e r

o f c o l o u r e d

w o o l f i b r e s a d h e r i n g

t o

h i s t r o u s e r f l i e s

w h i c h

a g r e e d

i n

e v e r y d e t a i l

w i t h

t h e w o o l f i b r e s

o f t h e k n i t t e d f r o c k

w o r n

b y

o n e o f

t h e c h i l d r e n .

T h e c h i l d r e n h d b e e n

m e d i c a l l y

e x a m i n e d ,

a n d

i t

w a s

r e p o r t e d

t h a t t h e l a b i a o f o n e o f t h e m

w e e r e d a n d

i n f l a m e d .

I t

s u b s e q u e n t l y

t r a n s p i r e d ,

h o w e v e r ,

t h a t

t h i s c o n d i t i o n

w a s d u e

t o

t h e a c t i o n o f a n

o v e r - z e a l o u s

m o t h e r

who

h a d

d a b b e d t h e c h i l d ' s

p r i v a t e

p a r t s

w i t h

s t r o n g

d i s i n f e c t a n t

t o

g u a r d a g a i n s t p o s s i b l e

i n f e c t i o n .

I n c a s e s

s u c h

a s

t h e o n e

j u s t

d e s c r i b e d

t h e r e w a s

a b u n d a n t

e v i d e n c e

l e a d i n g

t o

c o n v i c t i o n ,

a n d

f r e q u e n t l y

i n c a s e s

o f

r a p e

t h e

e v i d e n c e , p r o v i d e d

t h e c o m p l a i n t

i s a

g e n u i n e o n e ,

i s

u n e q u i v o c a l ,

e s p e c i a l l y

w h e r e

a n y d e g r e e

o f v i o l e n c e h a s b e e n

u s e d .

T h i s

e v i d e n c e u s u a l l y

t a k e s

t h e

f o r m o f

more

o r

l e s s s e v e r e

b r u i s i n g

o r

more s e r i o u s

i n j u r y ,

o f

t o r n

a n d

d a m a g e d c l o t h i n g , a n d ,

o f

c o u r s e ,

o f

s e m i n a l m a t e r i a l

i n t h e

v a g i n a

w h e r e

c o m p l e t e

i n t e r c o u r s e

h a s o c c u r r e d .

W h e r e t h e v i c t i m

i s a

v i r g i n

t h e r e

i s

t h e

a d d i t i o n a l e v i d e n c e

y i e l d e d b y

t h e

b l o o d

s t a i n s

f r o m t h e

r u p t u r e d h y m e n .

An

e x a m i n a t i o n

o f t h e

s u s p e c t ' s

c l o t h i n g

i n

s u c h c a s e s

u s u a l l y

r e v e a l s

s e m i n a l

s t a i n s a s s o c i a t e d w i t h b l o o d

a n d

t r a c e s o f

v a g i n a l

d e b r i s

o n

a n d a b o u t

t h e

t r o u s e r

f l i e s a n d

o n t h e

f r o n t

l a p

o f

t h e

s h i r t .

I t

s h o u l d

n o t ,

h o w e v e r ,

b e

l o s t

s i g h t

o f

t h a t , a p a r t

f r o m i n j u r y

a n d

o t h e r e v i d e n c e s

o f i l l t r e a t m e n t

a n d

r o u g h u s a g e ,

t h e

f i n d i n g

o f

s e m e n ,

b l o o d s t a i n s ,

a n d

v a g i n a l

d e b r i s

p r o v i d e s p r o o f

o f

s e x u a l

i n t e r c o u r s e

o n l y ,

a n d n o t o f

r a p e .

T h e r e i s

h o w e v e r a

s t r o n g

p r e s u m p t i o n

o f r a p e

w h e r e t h e f e m a l e

i s

a

c h i l d o f

t e n d e r

y e a r s .

A

c a s e

o f

t h i s k i n d f r o m t h e

c i t y

o f

N o t t i n g h a m

w a s

r e m a r k a b l e

f o r

t h e

v a r i e t y

o f

m a t e r i a l

w h i c h

p r o v e d

t o h a v e

h i g h

e v i d e n t i a l v a l u e .

6 8

 

LABORATORY

ASPECTS

OF

SEXUAL

CRIME

A c h i l d s e v e n

y e a r s o f

a g e w a s e n t i c e d

a w a y

f r o m

t h e

n e i g h b o u r h o o d

o f

h e r home b y

a s t r a n g e r ,

who t o o k

h e r i n t o

a n e a r b y wood

a n d t h e r e r a p e d

h e r ,

i n f l i c t i n g

v e r y s e r i o u s

i n j u r y . L a t e

t h a t n i g h t ,

a f t e r

i n t e n s i v e

p o l i c e

s e a r c h ,

t h e

c h i l d

w a s d i s c o v e r e d

i n

a

s t a t e o f

c o l l a p s e , d i r t y ,

a n d d i s h e v e l l e d ,

w i t h

s o i l a n d

p l a n t

f r a g m e n t s

o f

v a r i o u s

k i n d s

o n h e r

h a i r , f o o t w e a r ,

a n d

c l o t h i n g .

T h e s o i l a n d p l a n t

m a t e r i a l

w e r e

c a r e f u l l y

c o l l e c t e d

a n d p r e s e r v e d ,

a n d p r o v e d

a t a l a t e r

s t a g e

t o

s h o w c l o s e

a g r e e m e n t

w i t h s a m p l e s

f r o m

t h e

"

s c e n e

"

w h e n

t h i s w a s

l o c a t e d .

Among t h e

d i s c o v e r i e s

a t t h e s c e n e w e r e

a

b l o o d - s t a i n e d

b e e c h l e a f

a n d

a s o i l e d l e n g t h

o f b a n d a g e

s h o w i n g

t r a c e s o f o i n t m e n t .

T h e l a t t e r

p r o v e d

o f

c o n s i d e r a b l e

i m p o r t a n c e

a s e s t a b l i s h i n g t h e

p r e s e n c e o f

t h e

c h i l d

i n t h a t p a r t

o f t h e wood

"

b e y o n d a l l r e a s o n a b l e

d o u b t , "

s i n c e

t h e m o t h e r w a s a b l e t o s t a t e

t h a t s h e

h a d

b a n d a g e d

a c u t

o n

t h e c h i l d ' s

h a n d .

T h e

t r a c e s o f

o i n t m e n t o n

t h e b a n d a g e

w e r e s i m i l a r

t o t h o s e

u s e d b y

t h e m o t h e r ,

b u t t h e

m a t t e r

w a s c l i n c h e d

b y t h e f a c t t h a t

b o t h t h e b a n d a g e

f r o m

t h e s c e n e a n d t h e r e s t

o f t h e

r o l l

s t i l l i n t h e

c h i l d ' s home s h o w e d

a n i d e n t i c a l

f l a w

i n t h e

w e a v e . A s u s p e c t

w a s l o c a t e d i n

a common

l o d g i n g

h o u s e ,

a n d

e x a m i n a t i o n

o f

h i s

c l o t h i n g

r e v e a l e d

b l o o d

a n d s e m i n a l

s t a i n s t o g e t h e r

w i t h

s e v e r a l f i n e

h e a d h a i r s

w h i c h

m a t c h e d

t h o s e o f t h e i n j u r e d g i r l .

I n a d d i t i o n

p l a n t

f r a g m e n t s ,

s e e d s ,

a n d

s o i l a g r e e i n g

w i t h

t h a t

t h e wood w e r e p r e s e n t

o n

h i s

t r o u s e r s ; a n d

i n

a c a k e o f

s o i l a d h e r i n g

t o

t h e a r c h o f

o n e

s h o e w a s

a

p o r t i o n

o f

a

l e a f

s h o w i n g a

t r a c e o f

human b l o o d .

A l l t h e b l o o d -

s t a i n s

o n t h e s u s p e c t ' s

c l o t h i n g

w e r e o f

human

o r i g i n

a n d

b e l o n g e d

t o

t h e s a m e

g r o u p

a s t h a t o f

t h e c h i l d . T h e

b l o o d o f

t h e

a c c u s e d

w a s

a v a i l a b l e

f o r

g r o u p i n g .

The

w a s f o u n d t o

h a v e

b e e n

i n f e c t e d

w i t h

g o n o r -

r h c e a ,

n d

w h e n

t h e

p r i s o n e r

w a s

e x a m i n e d

i t w a s

e s t a b l i s h e d

t h a t

h e

was

a c t u a l l y

u n d e r

t r e a t m e n t f o r

a c u t e g o n o r r h e e a

a t

t h e

t i m e

o f

t h e

o f f e n c e .

I t

t r a r n -

s p i r e d

l a t e r

t h a t h e

b e l i e v e d t h a t i n t e r c o u r s e

w i t h a

v i r g i n

w o u l d

c l e a r

h i m

o f

i n f e c t i o n .

W h i l s t e x a m p l e s

s u c h

a s t h e o n e

j u s t

d e s c r i b e d a r e

r e l a t i v e l y

s t r a i g h t f o r w a r d ,

o n c e

t h e c a s e

m a t e r i a l

h a s

b e e n f u l l y

c o n s i d e r e d ,

i t

s h o u l d

b e b o r n e

i n

m i n d

t h a t

i l l - f o u n d e d

o r

d e l i b e r a t e l y

f a l s e a n d

m a l i c i o u s

a c c u s a t i o n s

o f

r a p e

a r e met

w i t h f r o m t i m e t o t i m e .

An

i t c h

f o r

t h e

l i m e l i g h t ,

a t t e m p t s

t o c o v e r

u p

an

a c t

o f

i n f i d e l i t y ,

an

e x c e p t i o n a l l y

v i v i d

i m a g i n a t i o n ,

o r

d e l i b e r a t e

m a l i c e a n d v i n d i c t i v e n e s s

f o l l o w i n g

t h e

r e j e c t i o n

o f

i n v i t a t i o n s

t o

s e x u a l

i n t i m a c y ,

a l l

may

r e s u l t

i n

a l l e g a t i o n s

o f

r a p e ;

a n d i t i s

b e c a u s e

e x a m p l e s

o f

t h i s

k i n d a r e f a m i l i a r

t o a l l

e x p e r i e n c e d

f o r e n s i c

p a t h o l o g i s t s

t h a t i n

e v e r y

t e x t b o o k o f

f o r e n s i c

m e d i c i n e

s t r e s s

i s

l a i d n

t h e d e t a i l e d

s t u d y

o f

t h e a v a i l a b l e

d a t a

f o r c o r r o b o r a t i v e

e v i d e n c e .

C a r n a l

K n o w l e d g e . - C a r n a l

k n o w l e d g e

c a s e s

n o r m a l l y

o f f e r

much

l e s s

d i f f i c u l t y .

P r e g n a n c y

may r e s u l t ,

a n d

a p a r t

f r o m

t h i s

c o n t i n g e n c y

t h e

c o r r o b o r a t i o n

o f

t h e

g i r l ' s

s t o r y b y p h y s i c a l

e x a m i n a -

t i o n

a n d

p r o o f

o f c l o s e

a s s o c i a t i o n

w i t h t h e a c c u s e d

a r e t h e

o n l y a s p e c t s

w h i c h

n e e d c o n c e r n u s .

S o d o m y

a n d B e s t i a l i t y . - O f

t h e

g r o u p

o f

s e x u a l

o f f e n c e s t h e

t w o

m o s t i n t e r e s t i n g

f r o m

t h e

l a b o r a t o r y

a n g l e a r e

s o d o m y

a n d b e s t i a l i t y .

Sodomy

i s a n o f f e n c e

i n

w h i c h c a r e f u l

e x a m i n a t i o n

o f b o t h

t h e a c t i v e

a n d

t h e

p a s s i v e

o f f e n d e r

b y a

d o c t o r i s e s s e n t i a l .

I n e e d

n o t

d i l a t e

o n t h e

f i n d i n g s

l i k e l y t o r e s u l t

f r o m s u c h a n

e x a m i n a t i o n ,

b u t i n

t h e

l a b o r a t o r y

e x a m i n a t i o n

t h e

c h i e f

t h i n g s t o

b e

l o o k e d

f o r

a r e :

( a )

P a s s i v e P a r t n e r . - T h e

p r e s e n c e

o f

s e m e n

a s s o c i a t e d

w i t h

t r a c e s

o f

f i c e s , a n d f r e q u e n t l y

w i t h

t r a c e s o f s o m e l u b r i c a n t

s u c h

a s p e t r o -

l e u m j e l l y ,

i n t h e

c r u t c h

o f

t h e u n d e r p a n t s

o r

t r o u s e r s ,

o r t h e

i n n e r s u r f a c e o f

t h e b a c k

o f

h e s h i r t :

t h e

p r e s e n c e

o f

s e m e n i n t h e

a n a l

s w a b

w h e r e

t h i s

c a n

b e t a k e n

s o o n a f t e r t h e

c o m m i s s i o n

o f t h e

o f f e n c e ; t h e

p r e s e n c e o f

f o r e i g n

p u b i c

h a i r s .

( b )

A c t i v e

P a r t n e r . - T r a c e s o f

s e m e n , e x c r e m e n t ,

a n d

l u b r i c a n t

o n t h e p e n i s ,

o n

a n

n e a r t h e

t r o u s e r

f l i e s , a n d

o n t h e

f r o n t l a p

o f t h e s h i r t .

B e s t i a l i t y ,

u n l i k e s o d o m y ,

i s

i n

m y

e x p e r i e n c e

p r e d o m i n a n t l y

a r u r a l

a s d i s t i n c t f r o m n u r b a n

o f f e n c e ,

a n d

i n i t s c o m m i s s i o n

I

h a v e

known

i n s t a n c e s

o f

t h e

u s e

o f m o s t o f

t h e

d o m e s t i c

a n i m a l s

i n c l u d i n g

c o w s ,

h o r s e s ,

s h e e p , p i g s ,

a n d ,

l e s s f r e -

q u e n t l y ,

d o g s .

T h e f a c t

t h a t t h e

o f f e n d e r i s

g e n e r a l l y ,

b y

v i r t u e o f

h i s

c a l l i n g ,

a s s o c i a t e d

w i t h

v a r i o u s

t y p e s

o f

d o m e s t i c

a n i m a l ,

r e n d e r s g r e a t

c a u t i o n n e c e s s a r y

i n

a s s e s s i n g

t h e

s i g n i f i c a n c e

o f

a n i m a l

h a i r

a n d

t r a c e s o f

d u n g

o n

t h e

c l o t h i n g .

I n

m y

v i e w ,

i f i t i s

t o

h a v e

h i g h

e v i d e n t i a l

v a l u e ,

a n i m a l

h a i r o n

t h e c l o t h i n g

o f

a

s u s p e c t

s h o u l d n o t

o n l y

b e

a

h o m o g e n e o u s

s a m p l e

b u t s h o u l d

o c c u r

on

p a r t s

o f

t h e c l o t h i n g u p o n

w h i c h

t h e y

w o u l d n o t

n o r m a l l y

b e f o u n d .

T h u s

a n i m a l

h a i r s f o u n d on

a n d

i n s i d e

t h e

t r o u s e r

f l i e s

a n d on

t h e f r o n t

l a p

o f t h e

s h i r t ,

a s s o c i a t e d

w i t h

t r a c e s

o f

s e m e n ,

a n i m a l

e x c r e m e n t ,

a n d

p o s s i b l y

v a g i n a l

e x u d a t e s ,

w o u l d

c o n s t i t u t e

s i g n i f i c a n t

f i n d i n g s .

T h e

o f human semen

i n

v a g i n a l

s w a b s

f r o m t h e a n i m a l

i n v o l v e d

w o u l d

a l s o

c o n s t i t u t e i m p o r t a n t

c o r r o b o r a t i v e

e v i d e n c e .

S e x u a l B a c k g r o u n d

o f

C r i m e s

f V i o l e n c e . - O n e

f i n a l

p o i n t

i s

p e r h a p s

w o r t h y

o f

m e n t i o n ,

a n d

i s

t h a t

a

c o n s i d e r a b l e

p r o p o r t i o n

o f

c r i m e s

o f

v i o l e n c e ,

s u c h

a s

m u r d e r

a n d

a t t e m p t e d

m u r d e r ,

h a v e

a s e x u a l

b a c k g r o u n d .

C o n c l u s i o n

From

t h e a b o v e

i t

w i l l b e

s e e n

t h a t

c l o s e

c o l l a b o r a -

t i o n

b e t w e e n

t h e

d o c t o r ,

t h e

s c i e n t i s t ,

a n d t h e

i n v e s t i g a t i n g

o f f i c e r ,

i s

i m p o r t a n t

i n

a l l

e n q u i r i e s

i n t o

t h e

v a r i o u s

t y p e s

o f s e x u a l

o f f e n c e ,

w h e t h e r

r e a l o r i m a g i n a r y .

6 9