Laptop Time!Laptop Time!

Click on your hard drive Click on documents Create new folder “Biology” Color label it Open biology folder and create these folders:

Notes Handouts Vocab Homework Labs

Click on your hard drive Click on documents Create new folder “Biology” Color label it Open biology folder and create these folders:

Notes Handouts Vocab Homework Labs

Go to my website: http://www.os4e.com/pvcsd/pvhs/

jzupan Download chemistry notes Save in “biology” --->“notes”

Go to my website: http://www.os4e.com/pvcsd/pvhs/

jzupan Download chemistry notes Save in “biology” --->“notes”

Do NowDo Now

1. Take out Organic Chemistry Vocab

2. What is a saccharride?

1. Take out Organic Chemistry Vocab

2. What is a saccharride?

Organic ChemistryOrganic Chemistry

Study of elements and compounds and their reactions with each other

Study of elements and compounds and their reactions with each other

Atom Basic building block

of matter 3 parts Nucleus

Center of an atom Composed of two

particles

Atom Basic building block

of matter 3 parts Nucleus

Center of an atom Composed of two

particles

1. Protons Positive particles

in nucleus Atomic #

2. Neutrons Particles in

nucleus No charge

3. Electrons Negatively

charged Circle around

nucleus

1. Protons Positive particles

in nucleus Atomic #

2. Neutrons Particles in

nucleus No charge

3. Electrons Negatively

charged Circle around

nucleus

Electron Orbitals 1st orbital

2 electrons

2nd orbital8 electrons

3rd orbital8 electrons

Element A substance made up of only 1 kind of

atom

Electron Orbitals 1st orbital

2 electrons

2nd orbital8 electrons

3rd orbital8 electrons

Element A substance made up of only 1 kind of

atom

http://www.webelements.com/

Atomic Number # of protons in an

atom

Atomic Number # of protons in an

atom

C6

12.01

Mass Number # of protons and

neutrons in an atom

Mass Number # of protons and

neutrons in an atom Isotope

An atom with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

Isotope An atom with the

same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

IsotopesIsotopes

Example: Carbon-12, Carbon- 13, and Carbon- 14

C-14 unstable = breaks down = radioactive Used in medicine & research:

Cells use isotopes like any other atom Radioactivity acts as marker for pathways

atoms take in body

Example: Carbon-12, Carbon- 13, and Carbon- 14

C-14 unstable = breaks down = radioactive Used in medicine & research:

Cells use isotopes like any other atom Radioactivity acts as marker for pathways

atoms take in body

Radioactive DecayRadioactive Decay

Rate of decay of an isotope Also called its half-life Carbon-14 has a half-life of 5,600 years

Rate of decay of an isotope Also called its half-life Carbon-14 has a half-life of 5,600 years

IsotopesIsotopes

1. What is the atomic number for Carbon?2. How many protons does Calcium (Ca)

have?3. How many electrons does Ca have?4. How many electrons fit into the 1st

orbital5. What is an isotope?

1. What is the atomic number for Carbon?2. How many protons does Calcium (Ca)

have?3. How many electrons does Ca have?4. How many electrons fit into the 1st

orbital5. What is an isotope?

Do Now (use your notes)Do Now (use your notes)

IonsIons

An atom that carries an unequal number of protons to electrons

Cation A net positive charge

Anion A net negative charge

An atom that carries an unequal number of protons to electrons

Cation A net positive charge

Anion A net negative charge

Practice QuestionPractice Question1. How many

neutrons does this element have?

2. How many protons?

3. How many electrons?

1. How many neutrons does this element have?

2. How many protons?

3. How many electrons?

F 9

19.00

10

9

9

BondsBonds Elements will fill orbitals to

become stable Carbon needs 4 bonds to be stable

Hydrogen needs 1 bond

Oxygen needs 2 bonds

Elements will fill orbitals to become stable

Carbon needs 4 bonds to be stable

Hydrogen needs 1 bond

Oxygen needs 2 bonds

MoleculesMolecules

Two or more like atoms bonded together Examples: N2, O2

Two or more like atoms bonded together Examples: N2, O2

CompoundsCompounds Two or more different atoms bonded

together Example: Octane, C8H18

Two or more different atoms bonded together Example: Octane, C8H18

How are these spiders able to walk on water?

How are these spiders able to walk on water?

Hydrogen BondsHydrogen Bonds

Weak bonds between water molecules that can be easily broken.

Weak bonds between water molecules that can be easily broken.

Hydrogen Bonds in WaterHydrogen Bonds in Water

http://programs.northlandcollege.edu/biology/Biology1111/animations/hydrogenbonds.html

http://programs.northlandcollege.edu/biology/Biology1111/animations/hydrogenbonds.html

Surface TensionSurface Tension

Penny labPenny lab1. Make your hypothesis on which will

get more drops; regular or soapy water.

2. How many drops can you get with water?

3. How many drops can you get with soapy water?

4. Answer all analysis questions

1. Make your hypothesis on which will get more drops; regular or soapy water.

2. How many drops can you get with water?

3. How many drops can you get with soapy water?

4. Answer all analysis questions

Do NowDo Now1. What is the difference

between a cation and anion?

Make these stable compounds.

2. CO2

3. COH4

1. What is the difference between a cation and anion?

Make these stable compounds.

2. CO2

3. COH4

Characteristics of WaterCharacteristics of Water Cohesion

Attraction between molecules of the same substance

Adhesion Attraction between 2

molecules of different substances

This is also known as capillary action

Cohesion Attraction between

molecules of the same substance

Adhesion Attraction between 2

molecules of different substances

This is also known as capillary action

Dissolving PropertiesDissolving Properties Water is slightly charged = POLAR

This allows it to dissolve other substances

Universal Solvent

Water is slightly charged = POLAR This allows it to dissolve other

substances Universal Solvent

Other Characteristics of Water

Other Characteristics of Water

Less Dense as a solid than a liquid High specific heat High heat of vaporization

Less Dense as a solid than a liquid High specific heat High heat of vaporization

Do NowDo Now1. A cell is shown under high power below.

What is the length of the cell?1. 100 um2. 500 um3. 1000 um4. 2000 um

1. A cell is shown under high power below. What is the length of the cell?

1. 100 um2. 500 um3. 1000 um4. 2000 um

2mm

Cell

AcidAcid A compound that will give off

hydrogen ions(H+) when put in water

Has a H in its chemical formula Ex: HCl H2SO4

A compound that will give off hydrogen ions(H+) when put in water

Has a H in its chemical formula Ex: HCl H2SO4

BaseBase

A compound that will give off hydroxide ions (OH-) when put in water

Has OH in the chemical formula Ex: NaOH

A compound that will give off hydroxide ions (OH-) when put in water

Has OH in the chemical formula Ex: NaOH

pHpH A way to tell if a substance is an

acid or a base Range is 1-14 concentration of hydrogen ions = 1

x 10-x moles/liter A change from pH 5 to pH 6 = A decrease 10x Logarithmic measurement

A way to tell if a substance is an acid or a base

Range is 1-14 concentration of hydrogen ions = 1

x 10-x moles/liter A change from pH 5 to pH 6 = A decrease 10x Logarithmic measurement

Do NowDo NowHow much weaker is the

acid if it goes from a pH of 2.5 to a pH of 3.5?

How much stronger is the base if it goes from a pH of 6 to a pH of 8?

How much weaker is the acid if it goes from a pH of 2.5 to a pH of 3.5?

How much stronger is the base if it goes from a pH of 6 to a pH of 8?

The pH ScaleThe pH Scale

Acids have a pH between and . A strong acid would have a pH of . A weak acid would have a pH of .

Bases have a pH between and . A strong base would have a pH of . A weak base would have a pH of .

Acids have a pH between and . A strong acid would have a pH of . A weak acid would have a pH of .

Bases have a pH between and . A strong base would have a pH of . A weak base would have a pH of .

1 6

16

8 14148

IndicatorsIndicators

Phenolphthalein Changes to pink in presence of

Bromothymol Blue Changes to yellow in the presence of

Universal Indicator Changes to a different color for each

pH

Phenolphthalein Changes to pink in presence of

Bromothymol Blue Changes to yellow in the presence of

Universal Indicator Changes to a different color for each

pH

Bases

Acids

PhenolphthaleinPhenolphthalein

Bromothymol BlueBromothymol Blue

Universal IndicatorUniversal Indicator

BuffersBuffers

http://www.mhhe.com/physsci/chemistry/essentialchemistry/flash/buffer12.swf

http://www.mhhe.com/physsci/chemistry/essentialchemistry/flash/buffer12.swf

Buffers: substances that resist changes in pH by accepting and donating H+ ions

Example:

1. A buffer solution of carbonic acid (H2CO3) and bicarbonate (HCO3-) is present in the human blood stream to maintain a pH between 7.35 and 7.45

Do NowDo Now Copy this chart on the back of your pH

lab Copy this chart on the back of your pH

labSolution

Do you think it will be an

acid or a base?

Phen BTB UI pH

Tap Water

Bleach

Milk

Fish Water

Milk of Magnesia

Ammonia

pH Indicator TestspH Indicator Tests

http://www.bgfl.org/bgfl/custom/resources_ftp/client_ftp/ks3/science/acids/

http://www.bgfl.org/bgfl/custom/resources_ftp/client_ftp/ks3/science/acids/

Grab a bingo sheet and fill in all the boxes any way you

wish

Grab a bingo sheet and fill in all the boxes any way you

wish1. Acid2. Adhesion3. Amino Acids4. Base5. Buffer6. Carbohydrate7. Catalyst8. Cohesion9. Denaturation10.Dehydration Synthesis11.Dependent Variable12.Enzymes

1. Acid2. Adhesion3. Amino Acids4. Base5. Buffer6. Carbohydrate7. Catalyst8. Cohesion9. Denaturation10.Dehydration Synthesis11.Dependent Variable12.Enzymes

13.13. HomeostasisHomeostasis14.14. Hydrogen BondHydrogen Bond15.15. HydrolysisHydrolysis16.16. Independent VariableIndependent Variable17.17. InorganicInorganic18.18. LipidsLipids19.19. MetabolismMetabolism20.20. OrganicOrganic21.21. PolypeptidePolypeptide22.22. ProteinsProteins23.23. SaccharrideSaccharride24.24. SubstrateSubstrate