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Large-scale Hydrilla Control Projects
Dean Jones1, Jeremy Slade2, Michael Netherland3
1Osceola County Extension2Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants - UF
3US Army Engineer Research and Development Center
Why Manage Hydrilla ?
• Provides Structure and Food– Hydrilla- same role as native plants– Clears up the water (clarity…not quality)– Does not produce toxins (e.g., golden algae)
• AVM hydrilla/Waterfowl deaths
• Often valued by Fishing & Hunting Communities– “ Fishing the Edge” “Ringneck duck buffet”
• Growth Rate and Ability to Occupy Vast Areas – Access, Flood Control, Fishery Mgmt.– Water Quality (dissolved oxygen, temp.)– “Just leave us a little”
Is there a right amount of an invasive plant ?
If so, then how do you maintain that level ?
Commonly Used Herbicides in Florida
Product Use Rate (ppm) Notes
Diquat (1958) 0.15 to 0.37 Short exposure requirement;
Turbidity impacts efficacy
Endothall (1960) 1.0 to 3.0 Key contact for Hydrilla; Combination Treatments
Fluridone (1986) 0.01 to 0.09Large-scale mgmt; hydrilla,
control can take 1 to 3 months
Imazamox (2008) 0.05 to 0.2 Growth Regulation of Hydrilla
Penoxsulam (2007) 0.01 to 0.09 Large-scale Hydrilla Mgmt.
Aquathol K (2 ppm)
• Kissimmee Chain
of Lakes– Tohopekaliga (Toho)
– Cypress
– Hatchineha
– Kissimmee
• Lake Jackson
• Lake Istokpoga
• Orange Lake
• Lake Seminole
• Twin Lakes
• Lakes Dexter & Woodruff
• Winter Park Chain– Virginia
– Osceola
– Mizell
– Maitland
– Minnehaha
Lake Toho 2008/09 - 7250 ac (32%)Toho 22,500 ac
Lake Toho 2009/10 - 3000 ac (13%)Toho 22,500 ac
Lake Cypress 2010 - 1745 ac (44%)Cypress 4,000 ac
Lake Hatchineha 2009 - 640 ac (10%)
12
34 5
67
Hatchineha 6,650 ac
Lake Kissimmee 2010 - 2300 ac (7%)Kissimmee 35,000 ac
Lake Jackson 2010 - 315 ac (32%)Jackson 1,000 ac
Aquathol K (1 ppm) + Galleon (20 ppb)
• Lake Tohopekaliga– Goblet’s Cove
– Cypress Cove
• Lake Kissimmee
• Orange Lake
• Lake Bumby
• Lake Haines
• Twin Lakes
• Lake Tracy
• Lake Smart
• Lake Maude
Aquathol K (1 ppm) + Clearcast (75 ppb)
• Lake Hatchineha
• Lake Cypress
• Lake Istokpoga
• Lake Jessie
• Lake Silver
Aquathol K + Reward
• Lochloosa Lake– 25-50 acre blocks
• 1 ppm + .370 ppm
• 2 ppm + .370 ppm
• 3 ppm + .370 ppm
• Orange Lake
• Lake Rousseau
Lochloosa 6,000 ac
Clearcast + Galleon
• Lake Eaton- 50 ppb + 5 ppb
• Lake Lawne- 75 ppb + 7 ppb
Lawne 156 acEaton 200 ac
Galleon (15-20 ppb)
• Cypress
• Tracy
• Hartridge
• Jackson
Cypress 4,000 ac
Tracy 136 ac
Large-Scale Herbicide Monitoring
• Fluridone Resistant Hydrilla (Arias et al. 2004)
• Evaluate other available herbicides for hydrilla control while documenting efficacy and longevity of large-scale applications
• Document impacts to non-target vegetation
Data Collection
• Herbicide Residues
• Water Quality
• Herbicide Selectivity – Hydrilla/Vallisneria Grids
• Herbicide Efficacy and Longevity – Fathometer Transects
• Plant Surveys
Lake Tohopekaliga
Herbicide Residues
End
otha
ll (m
g ae
/L)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2Trt 4 SurfaceTrt 4 MiddleTrt 4 Bottom
Collection Date
12/2
/09
12/3
/09
12/4
/09
12/6
/09
12/7
/09
12/8
/09
12/1
0/09
12/1
1/09
12/1
2/09
12/1
4/09
12/1
5/09
12/1
6/09
12/1
/09
12/5
/09
12/9
/09
12/1
3/09
12/1
7/09
End
otha
ll (m
g ae
/L)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
Trt 5 SurfaceTrt 5 MiddleTrt 5 Bottom
45
Herbicide Residues
16
Collection Date
2/3/
10
2/4/
10
2/5/
10
2/7/
10
2/8/
10
2/9/
10
2/11
/10
2/12
/10
2/13
/10
2/15
/10
2/16
/10
2/17
/10
2/2/
10
2/6/
10
2/10
/10
2/14
/10
2/18
/10
End
otha
ll (m
g ae
/L)
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0Ref 1 Ref 2 Ref 3 Ref 4 Ref 5 Ref 6 Ref 7
Collection Date
2/3/
10
2/4/
10
2/5/
10
2/7/
10
2/8/
10
2/9/
10
2/11
/10
2/12
/10
2/13
/10
2/15
/10
2/16
/10
2/17
/10
2/2/
10
2/6/
10
2/10
/10
2/14
/10
2/18
/10
End
otha
ll (m
g ae
/L)
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0Trt 1 Trt 2 Trt 3 Trt 4 Trt 5
23
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
7
16
Water Quality
Collection Date12
/14/
08
12/1
6/08
12
/18/
08
12/2
0/08
12
/22/
08
12/2
4/08
12
/26/
08
12/2
8/08
12
/30/
08
1/1/
09
1/3/
09
1/5/
09
1/7/
09
1/9/
09
1/11
/09
1/
13/0
9
1/15
/09
1/
17/0
9
1/19
/09
1/
21/0
9
1/23
/09
1/
25/0
9
1/27
/09
1/
29/0
9
Dis
solv
ed O
xyge
n (m
g/L)
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Collection Date
12/1
4/08
12
/16/
08
12/1
8/08
12
/20/
08
12/2
2/08
12
/24/
08
12/2
6/08
12
/28/
08
12/3
0/08
1/
1/09
1/
3/09
1/
5/09
1/
7/09
1/
9/09
1/
11/0
9
1/13
/09
1/
15/0
9
1/17
/09
1/
19/0
9
1/21
/09
1/
23/0
9
1/25
/09
1/
27/0
9
1/29
/09
Tem
pera
ture
(C)
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
Water Quality
Collection Date
12/17
/08
12/21
/08
12/25
/08
12/29
/08
1/2/09
12/15
/08
12/19
/08
12/23
/08
12/27
/08
12/31
/08
Trt 4 surface Trt 4 middepth Trt 4 bottom
Collection Date
12/17
/08
12/21
/08
12/25
/08
12/29
/08
1/2/09
12/15
/08
12/19
/08
12/23
/08
12/27
/08
12/31
/08
Tem
pera
ture
(C)
17
18
19
20
21
Trt 3 surface Trt 3 middepth Trt 3 bottom
Trt 2 surface Trt 2 middepth Trt 2 bottom
Tem
pera
ture
(C)
17
18
19
20
21
Trt 1 surface Trt 1 middepth Trt 1 bottom
Water Quality
Collection Date
12/17
/08
12/21
/08
12/25
/08
12/29
/08
1/2/09
12/15
/08
12/19
/08
12/23
/08
12/27
/08
12/31
/08
Trt 4 surface Trt 4 middepth Trt 4 bottom
Collection Date
12/17
/08
12/21
/08
12/25
/08
12/29
/08
1/2/09
12/15
/08
12/19
/08
12/23
/08
12/27
/08
12/31
/08
Dis
solv
ed O
xyge
n (m
g/L)
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Trt 3 surface Trt 3 middepth Trt 3 bottom
Trt 2 surface Trt 2 middepth Trt 2 bottom
Dis
solv
ed O
xyge
n (m
g/L)
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Trt 1 surface Trt 1 middepth Trt 1 bottom
Plant Sampling
Tohopekaliga Selectivity Grids50:50
Mea
n H
ydril
la B
iom
ass
(g D
W; n
= 4
8)50
:50
Grid
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Collection Date
Sept 2008 Mar 2009 Jun 2009 Sept 2009 Feb 2010
Mea
n V
allis
neria
Bio
mas
s (g
DW
; n =
48)
50:5
0 G
rid
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Tohopekaliga Selectivity GridsM
ean
Hyd
rilla
Bio
mas
s (g
DW
; n =
48)
Hyd
rilla
dom
inat
ed g
rid
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Collection Date
Sept 2008 Mar 2009 Jun 2009 Sept 2009 Feb 2010
Mea
n V
allis
neria
Bio
mas
s (g
DW
; n =
48)
Hyd
rilla
dom
inat
ed g
rid
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Mea
n H
ydril
la B
iom
ass
(g D
W; n
=48
)V
allis
neria
dom
inat
ed g
rid
0
5
10
15
20
25
Collection Date
Sept 2008 Mar 2009 Jun 2009 Sept 2009 Feb 2010
Mea
n V
allis
neria
Bio
mas
s (g
DW
; n =
48)
Val
lisne
ria d
omin
ated
grid
0
5
10
15
20
25
Hydrilla Dominated Vallisneria Dominated
Herbicide Efficacy-Fathometer Transects
1.3 Miles
December 15, 2008Toho Transect 5 6
April 30, 2009Toho Transect 5 6
August 19, 2009Toho Transect 5 6
Fathometer Transects
• Percent Volume Infested (PVI)– Height of infestation
– [(Σ vegetation height/ Σ bottom depth)100]
• Percent Area Covered (PAC) – Bottom coverage
– [(Σ vegetation presence/ Σ total number of soundings analyzed)100]
Fathometer Transects
• Lake Toho Transect Middle Block Site 5 to 6– Percent Volume Infested (PVI)
• Dec 2008 45.7%
• April 2009 1.0%
• Aug 2009 8.8%
– Percent Area Covered (PAC) • Dec 2008 98%
• April 2009 14%
• Aug 2009 32%
Plant Surveys