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Learning Perspective on Personality. Behavioral Perspective. No such thing as “personality” Rejects notion of traits Behavior a function of the environment People and animals are similar Equipotentiality We are born as a blank slate (Locke) Built on a tradition of empiricism/rationalism. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Learning Perspective on Personality
No such thing as “personality” Rejects notion of traits Behavior a function of the environment People and animals are similar Equipotentiality We are born as a blank slate (Locke) Built on a tradition of
empiricism/rationalism
Behavioral Perspective
Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
Social Learning
Behavioral Perspective
a type of learning in which a stimulus acquires the capacity to evoke a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus
Classical = Pavlovian = respondent
Classical Conditioning
neutral stimulus - NSunconditioned stimulus - UCSunconditioned response - UCR conditioned stimulus - CSconditioned response - CR
Classical Conditioning Terms
Before conditioning
Classical Conditioning
Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
Acquisition
Classical Conditioning
The unconditioned stimulus (UCS) and conditioned stimulus(CS) are paired repeatedly
After conditioningClassical Conditioning
Classical ConditioningNS CS
CRUCS UCR Unconditioned reflex
Conditioned reflex
CR can be appetitive or aversive
Personality characterized as CRs to environmental stimuli
A Clockwork OrangeExample of Classical Conditioning
Main character: Alex Delarge
Crime: Murder
Treatment: Ludivico
A Clockwork Orange
1878-1958
“Radical” Behaviorism
Little Albert
John B. Watson (click here)
Fear Conditioning in Little Albert
Temporal Arrangements
Stimulus Contiguity
Forward Conditioningshort delaylong delaytrace
Backward
Simultaneous
Timing is Everything!
extinction = the gradual weakening and disappearance of a conditioned response tendency
spontaneous recovery = partial recovery of the conditioned response
Extinction
Acquisition, Extinction, and SR
Stimulus Generalization
Generalization
0
10
20
30
40
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60
400 800 1200 1400 1600
Rabbits
Stimulus Discrimination
With training, CRs at 400, 800, 1600, 2000 should extinguish, which is a process known as stimulus discrimination.
Stimulus Discrimination
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
400 800 1200 1400 1600
Rabbits
Discrimination
results from competing excitatory and inhibitory conditioned responses.
Experimental Neurosis
Experimental Neurosis
Circle Oval
No Food
Dog does not know how to respond and personality changes under this condition.
Experimental Neurosis might be at the basis of certain psychological disorders.
Experimental Neurosis
1) anxious 2) rigid/hypnotized 3) angry
Why different patterns? Conditionability
Different Patterns for EN
Higher-order Conditioning
Phase 1)
Higher-order Conditioning
Phase 2)CS2
CS1
UCS
UCR, CR
Blocking
Blocking, Phase 1
Blocking, Phase 2
Classical ConditioningPractical Application
Compensatory Responses
CR
UCRUCS
Friends, Place, Smells, behaviors prior to use
Treatment…
Exposure to cues, initially causes craving
Without UCS, cravings decrease
Compensatory responses
