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Learning to Think CriticallyLearning to Think Criticallypages 26-39pages 26-39ObjectivesObjectives
Define thinking & reflectionIdentify 3 functions of the brainDescribe how thinking impacts decision makingDescribe how thinking impacts problem solving
Identify steps to good decision makingIdentify 2 of the 6 skills to implement for critical thinkingList the 3 part technique to critical readingProvide an example of a part and standard
for critical thinkingProvide examples of the 3 kinds of questioning
Chapter 1, Lesson 3
Quick WriteQuick Write
What was the last great movie you saw? What did you like about it? What was memorable
about the movie? Why would you recommend the flick to your friends?
• Write five sentences that tell why you thought the film was good
• Share your thoughts with a partner
• How are your standards for movies the same as your partner’s? How are they different?
We Are All ThinkersWe Are All Thinkers
• ThinkingThinking
-Function of your mind that makes sense of events of your life, helps you figure out what is going on around you
• ReflectionReflection – Taking time to consider all information:
sights, sounds, and smells that are coming
to you from the world, you are engaging
3 Functions of the brain3 Functions of the brain
Feeling Wanting Thinking
Decision MakingDecision Making
Decision based on reason
Rational life reflecting pattern of thoughtful
decisions
Irrational decisions
Complicate your life/harm others
Good Thinking Barriers to Good Thinking
Steps to Good DecisionsSteps to Good Decisions
• State the situation
• List all possibilities or options
• Think about possible complications
• Sort or judge the alternatives systematically
• Take your time
• Discuss the issue with people you trust
• Conduct research if necessary
• Make a decision and act, then evaluate
Critical ThinkingCritical Thinking• Ananalysis: lysis: process of breaking down an issue to figure out its nature
& how it works• Problem Solving- weigh options & come up with solutions• Critical thinkingCritical thinking : ability to explore an issue, problem, decision, or
option from many angles• SKILLS:
1. Hold back your emotions about the subject
2. Look at the subject from different points of view
3. Break down information
4. Ask probing questions
5. Solve problems systematically
6. Separate facts from opinions
•
Three-part technique Three-part technique for critical readingfor critical reading
Who? When? What?
Why? How?
1. Think about what you read2. Ask questions3. Develop your own understanding of the writer’s words
Chapter 1, Lesson 3
Parts of ThinkingParts of Thinking
PARTS OF THINKING
governed by
CONCEPTS
and
THEORIES
come up with SOLUTIONS
and
OUTCOMES
whenever we think we think for a
PURPOSE
within a
POINT of VIEW
to make INFERENCES and
JUDGMENTS
we use
DATA and FACTS
leading to IMPLICATIONS
and CONSEQUENCES
based on ASSUMPTIONS
Chapter 1, Lesson 3
Standards for Critical Standards for Critical ThinkingThinking
Adapted from Critical Thinking Paul and Edler ©2001 Prentice Hall
Clarity
Is the language used to express the thought clear? Is it focused?
Accuracy
Is the statement true?
Precision
Is the thought specific enough?
Relevance
Does the thought apply well to the issue in
question?
Depth
Does the idea dig into the issue’s complexities or just
glance off the surface?
Breadth
Does the thought consider other points of view?
Logic
Does the thinking follow from solid premises?
Significance
Is the thinking important enough to be included in the deeper discussion?
Fairness
Is the thought balanced and based on truth?
Three Kinds of QuestionsThree Kinds of QuestionsFact
– requires evidence and reasoning within a system
– a correct answer
– leads to development of knowledge
Preference– asks for the listener to state a choice
– an individual, subjective opinion
– cannot judge or prove right or wrong
Judgment– requires evidence and reasoning within multiple systems
– some answers are better than others
– asking for a judgment call
ReviewReview
• Critical thinking is the ability to explore an issue, problem, decision, or option from many angles
• Thinking affects decision-making and problem solving• Problem solving also depends on good thinking, as you weigh
options, look for new possibilities and come up with a solution • Critical reading demands that you think about what you read, ask
questions, and develop your own understanding of the writer’s words
• Parts of thinking: purpose, point of view, assumptions, implications, data and facts, inferences, theories, and solutions
• Standards for thinking: clarity, accuracy, precision, relevance, depth, breadth, logic, significance, fairness
Chapter 1, Lesson 3
ReviewReview
• Asking good questions is important for critical thinking, but avoid dead questions
• Good questions fall into three categories: questions of fact, questions of preference, and questions of judgment
Chapter 1, Lesson 3
NextNext
• Next—the basic checklist for communication• Read pages 42-58
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