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How is a computer defined?

Produces and stores results

Electronic device operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory

Processes data into informationinformation

Conveys meaning and isuseful to people

Accepts datadataCollection of unprocessed items

What is the information processing cycle?

Input Process Output Storage Communication

What is an input device?

Device used to enter dataand instructions

What is an output device?

device that conveys information to one or morepeople

What is the system unit?

Case that containsthe electronic components of the computer that are used to process data

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Computing systems are dynamic!

What is the difference between hardware and software?

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Hardware The physical elements of a computing system (printer, circuit boards, wires, keyboard…)

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Software The programs that provide the instructions for a computer to execute

What's the beauty of computing?

???

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Compute the value of the following eq.

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When y = 2 When y = 9

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Write steps to guess a number between 1 & 100?Write steps to determine whether the number is even or odd?Write steps to determine if the number is divisible by 3 without dividing (you can

only use addition & subtraction)

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Write steps to determine whether the number is prime?

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CommunicationApplication

Operating SystemProgramming

HardwareInformation

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Abstraction A mental model that removes complex details

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Abacus An early device to record numeric values Mechanical MachinesAble to add & subtract

Mechanical Devices Mechanical device to add, subtract, divide & multiply

Punch card Loom

Analytical EngineMemoryInput

Ada AugustaFirst Programmer, the loop

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Alan TuringTuring Machine, Artificial Intelligence Testing ENIACGeneral purpose high speed computer

UNIVAC IFirst commercial computer and was able to make prediction.

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Machine LanguageComputer programs were written in binary (1s and 0s)

Assembly Languages and translatorsPrograms were written in artificial programming languages and were then translated into machine language

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High Level LanguagesUse English-like statements and make programming easier. Fortran, COBOL, Lisp are examples.

High-LevelLanguages

Assembly LanguageMachine

Language

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Application PackageSystems Software

High-Level LanguagesAssembly Language

Machine Language

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Structured ProgrammingPascal, C, C++

New Application Software for UsersSpreadsheets, word processors, database management systems

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MicrosoftThe Windows operating system, and other Microsoft application programs dominate the market

Object-Oriented DesignBased on a hierarchy of data objects (i.e. Java)

World Wide WebAllows easy global communication through the Internet

New UsersToday’s user needs no computer knowledge

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Programmer / User

Applications Programmer(uses tools)

User with No Computer Background

Systems Programmer(builds tools)

Domain-Specific Programs

What can be (efficiently) automated?

Four Necessary Skills1. Algorithmic Thinking2. Representation3. Programming4. Design

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Is Computer Science a mathematical, scientific, or engineering discipline?

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What do you think?

Algorithms and Data StructuresProgramming LanguagesArchitectureOperating SystemsSoftware Methodology and EngineeringHuman-Computer Communication

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Numerical and Symbolic ComputationDatabases and Information RetrievalArtificial Intelligence and RoboticsGraphicsOrganizational InformaticsBioinformatics

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