HSE MOVEMENT – YESTERDAY AND TODAY

“THE HISTORY, THE TRAGEDIES AND THE COSTS ONE HAS TO PAY”

Dr. Nurlidia Mansor nurlidia_mansor@petronas.com.my

Health, Safety & Environment

(CBB 2012 & CCB 2012)

LEARNING OUTCOME

understand how health and safety movement developed throughout history

Identify key players and civilizations that contributed

Impact of Industrial Revolution

High Profile Tragedies/Disaster Worldwide

Accident Statistics and Occupational Injuries

HistoryIndus Valley Civilization

3600BCLarge and complex hill citadels, housing palaces, granaries, and bath

housesWell-planned towns, laid out in rectangular patternsTwo-storied and spacious houses.Drainage systems that led into brick-lined sewers in the town streets.

Maya Civilization• 2000BC

• Shares many features with other Mesoamerican civilizations - high degree of interaction and cultural diffusion

• Outside influences in art & architecture, - possibly a result from trade and cultural exchange rather than conquest.

HistoryIncas Civilization

• 13th century• Ranking in society - the Inca, the royal family, tribal leaders, clans

and squads.• Inca arts, with pottery and textiles reflecting motifs in architecture. eg the capital city of Cuzco.

Aztec Civilization

• 14th -16th century

• An empire ruled by indirect means.

- more a system of tribute than a single system of government.

• Informal or hegemonic empire - it did not exert supreme authority over the conquered lands.

Ancient BabyloniansRuler Hammurabi (2000BC) a JUST ruler, developed “CODE

OF HAMMURABI” Egyption civilization produced temples & pyramids that

still remains todayRameses II (1500BC) created for workers - industrial medical

service, bathe daily, regular medical care and isolate the ill

Romans Evidence of care for health & safety Constructed aqueducts, sewerage systems, public baths,

latrines, ventilated houses

• The first modern mechanical cotton gin was created by American inventor Eli Whitney in 1793, and patented in 1794

QUESTION

• Discuss the positive and negative impact of Industrial Revolution towards human and the environment.

The development of human civilization

Agriculture

Mining

Industrial revolution / Scientific revolution

Modern era

The development of human civilization

The Impacts …

• Woman & Child labor

• Public Health & Pollution

The Impacts …

The Impacts …

HSE Movement• Public activism did not rise with soil conservation in China,

India, and Peru 2000 years ago; or the spread of epidemic disease in Europe between the late 14th century and the mid 16th century

• Late 19th century , the protection of the countryside in Europe and the wilderness in the United States and the health consequences of pollution during the Industrial Revolution - rise in concern about environmental problem

• Environmental organizations in the late 19th to the mid 20th century primarily middle-class lobbying groups - concerned with nature conservation, wildlife protection, and the pollution that arose from industrial development and urbanization - scientific organizations which concerned with natural history and with biological aspects of conservation efforts.

HSE MovementImpacts of the Industrial Revolution in England in the late 18th

and early 19th centuries.

In 1802, public pressure forced the Government to pass the Health and Morals of Apprentices Act in Great Britain - It marked the beginning of government involvement in workplace safety.

• In the early 1900s, > 3200 people died in mining accidents in America

• In 1907, the U.S Department of Interior created the Bureau of Mines - to investigate mining accidents, examine health hazards, and make recommendation for improvements

.

HSE Movement

HSE Movement

• In 1908, an early form of workers’ compensation was introduced in US.

• The improvements in safety have been the result of the pressure for legislation - to promote safety and health - costs associated with accidents and injuries - recognition that safety and health concerns rank in importance with production and quality.

HSE Movement

HSE Movement

Establishment of “green” political movements in the form of activist non-governmental organizations and environmentalist political parties in beginning 1960s

Environmentalism had become a global as well as a national political force by the late 1980s - significant international presence, with offices throughout the world and centralized international headquarters to coordinate lobbying campaigns and to serve as campaign centres and information clearinghouses for their national affiliate organizations..

Four pillars with a unifying theme to the broad goals of political ecology

- protection of the environment - grassroots democracy - social justice - nonviolence.

HSE Movement

Tragedies

Tragedies

On 25 April, before a routine shut-down, the reactor Chernobyl-4 was getting prepared for testing for performance under weak power supply

- the fact is these reactors were known to be very unstable at low power settings.

Flow of coolant water decreased, power output increased, fuel elements ruptured, explosive force of steam lifted off the cover plate of the reactor, releasing fission products to the atmosphere.

Tragedies

A second explosion threw out fragments of burning fuel and graphite from the core and allowed air to enter, causing the graphite moderator to burst into flames.

The Reactor before the accident

Tragedies

The Reactor after the accident

Tragedies

Tragedies

Tragedies

ESSENTIAL ATTRIBUTES THAT AN ENGINEER OR TECHNOLOGISTS SHOULD HAVE…TO AVOID TRAGEDIES SUCH AS THESE FROM HAPPENING…..EFFICIENTPUNCTUALHARDWORKINGTHINK GLOBALLYRESPECT FOR HUMANITYRESPOSIBLE TOWARDS SOCIETYCARE ABOUT LIVEHONESTCAUTIOUS

ESSENTIAL ATTRIBUTES THAT AN ENGINEER OR TECHNOLOGISTS SHOULD HAVE…TO AVOID TRAGEDIES SUCH AS THESE FROM HAPPENING…..HonestyIntegrityAccountabilityResponsibleOrganizedAwarenessKnowledgeableOn time/punctualSerious at work/no FB

QUESTION

• The impact of radiation exposure such as Chernobyl are still evident until today.

• Based on the Figure given in the next slide, discuss the EFFECT this industrial tragedy have on humans and the environment.

[6 marks]

Effect of Industrial Tragedies

LEARNING OUTCOME

understand how health and safety movement developed throughout history

Identify key players and civilizations that contributed

Impact of Industrial Revolution

High Profile Tragedies/Disaster Worldwide

Accident Statistics and Occupational Injuries

QUESTIONS

• Which industrial sector has the highest statistics of occupational injuries?

• List down 10 occupational injuries/illnesses

• Injury due to explosion• Asma• Burn• Mutation• Blindness • Cancer

Occupational Injuries

Occupational Illnesses

The price to pay…

LEARNING OUTCOME

understand how health and safety movement developed throughout history

Identify key players and civilizations that contributed

Impact of Industrial Revolution

High Profile Tragedies/Disaster Worldwide

Accident Statistics and Occupational Injuries