LEGS – The Handbook to guidelivelihoods-based livestock interventionsin emergencies. The case of Ethiopia

Livestock-based Interventions to Build Resilience in Pastoral Areas.Lunchtime Conference, ECHO ERC, 23rd February 2018

Kebadu S. Belay, VSF Suisse

Large and increasing livestock population: § The Central Statistical Agency (CSA)

estimates the ruminant population at

56.7 million cattle, 29.3 million sheep

and 29.1 million goats . The estimated

number of camels is 2.3 million heads.

The increase of the livestock

population is high, with an estimate of

3.8% for cattle, 6% for sheep and 7.9%

for goats in the past 15 years

§ The contribution of agriculture to GDP

is about 39% , of livestock production to GDP presently is approximately 16%

Livestock overview in Ethiopia

§ Livestock products - hides and skins, live animals and meat rank second

after coffee in export value if formal exports are considered – accounts for 12-15% of total export earnings

Map of livestock production systems in Ethiopia (ATA,2014)

Income earning:

§ Contributes 37 – 87% of households income

§ Only for a limited (and predominantly wealthy) set of households, do livestock significantly contribute to monetary income, with many (predominantly poorer) people benefiting not so much from the cash derived from selling livestock or animal products, as from the other livelihoods services that livestock provides

§ Incidence of poverty, which is clearly decreasing in the past decade, is expected to continue to decrease from about 22% at present to roughly 17% in 2021 (MDG Report of Ethiopia, 2014)

Contributions to livelihoods:

§ About 80% of the 102 million population lives in rural areas and at least 80% of these depend on livestock to make a living .

§ Production of food (meat, milk, honey, egg); source of power (cultivation , transportation); and input for crop production (drought power and manure

§ The proportion of the population living in rural areas is the highest in Africa, but the rate of urbanization is 3.8% per year, compared to the overall growth of population of 2.4%. Thus the urban population may triple in 25 years, which implicates food security .

Drought overview in Ethiopia§ 12 incidences of drought since 1950 ; the most recent El Nino 2015/16. § It has been classified, in terms of rain deficiency, the worst in 50 years. § Impact has been horrendous to more than 10 million people, who became

dependent of food aid , and livestock herds have been significantly reduced due to mortality and slaughter.

§ Though data are not available to quantify it, this effect is largest in the pastoral areas, where dependency on livestock is strongest and which are the driest areas of the country.

Item

Amount (USD millions) by year

2014 2015 2016Drought

2017Drought

Total humanitarian requirement 403 386 1,400 948

Food assistance 305 282 1,100 598

Livestock 5 3 43 42

Agriculture 9 15 46 412

Food as a proportion of total requirement 76% 73% 79% 63%Livestock as a proportion of total requirement 1% 1% 3% 4%

Livestock as a proportion of agriculture 52% 19% 93% 100%

Trends in humanitarian funding requests -Ethiopia

Standards for livestock interventions in emergencies

LEGS Ethiopia National Guidelines

Use of LEGS Promotes Timely & Appropriate Livestock-based Responses

EvaluationImplementationDesign

Case Study: Veterinary Support in Ethiopia

7) Deliver treatment

Livestock, Crop & Rural Devt. Office (LCRDO), Woreda Administration, VSF

Kebele Administration, Community, LCRDO, VSF-Suisse

PVPs, LCRDO, VSF

Kebele Admin., KEC, VSF, LCRDO

KEC, Kebele Administration, Community, LCRDO, VSF

LCRDO, VSF, Private Vet. Pharmacies (PVPs)

CAHWs, PVPs,Community

6) Distributedrugs

65% of allocated supported goes to the target

beneficiaries in the form of veterinary services, while the remainder goes to community

animal health workers (CAHWs, 20%) and private

veterinary pharmacies (PVPs, 15%) as a profit markup.

5) Print & distributevouchers

4) Signtripartite

MoU3) Select

beneficiaries

Chronology

A chronology of the veterinary voucher scheme

2) EstablishKebele EmergencyCommittee (KEC)

1) Selectkebeles

Benefit-cost analysis : Veterinary Vouchers

Disease: prevalence estimates, CFR estimates and value of reduced mortality due to CAHW treatment

Disease Number of animals treated by CAHWs

CFR untreated

Number of deaths, if untreated

CRF treated

Number of deaths if treated

Number of animals saved

Value of animals saved (ETB)

Value of animals saved (USD)

Benefit-cost USD

Benefit-cost

Worm 250,000.00 50.0% 125,000 10.5% 26,250.00 98,750

Mange 42,000.00 40.0% 16,800 4.9% 2,058.00 14,742

CCPP 25,000.00 63.4% 15,850 28.5% 7,125.00 8,725

TBD 40,000.00 58.3% 23,320 37.9% 15,160.00 8,160

Other 150,000.00 33.3% 49.950 19.3% 28,950.00 21,000

507,000 230,920 79,543.00 151,377 90,826,200 3,948,965.22 93,576.45 42.20

to promoteEnvironmental

Health

Our goal: Sustainable livestock based livelihoods

to supportLivestock

Health

to ensurePeople’sHealth

What we do

Thank you!

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