LESSON 10 - Answer key€¦ · SINT-JOZEF SINT-PIETER BLANKENBERGE - GESCHIEDENIS TWEEDE JAAR - DECO (CLIL) Research: What was the situation in the empire like in 200 AD? Luxury products

SINT-JOZEF SINT-PIETER BLANKENBERGE - GESCHIEDENIS TWEEDE JAAR - DECO (CLIL)

LESSON 10 - Answer key

A great empire cannot be held any longer Fall of the Roman empire (200 AD - 500 AD)


Research questions1. What were the causes of the fall of the Roman

empire? 2. What were the consequences of the fall of the

Roman empire?


Research question 11. What were the causes of the fall of the Roman

empire?



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Research: What was the situation in the empire like in 200 AD? Use the images and texts to answer the questions.

Roman Paris (Lutetia)

The Roman roads originally built for the legions also

formed a trade network. At some crossroads there

were small cities like Lutetia (= Paris).

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Research: What was the situation in the empire like in 200 AD?

Archeologists found remains of a colossal statue of Marcus Aurelius (Roman emperor - 161-180) in Sagalassos, Turkey. This proves that there was an emperor’s cult, even in the farthest corners of the empire.

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Argentorate or Argentoratum

on the Rhine river evolved

into the city Strasbourg.

Soldiers had to protect

the natural borders of the

Roman empire.

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Luxury products (spices, perfume, silk, …) were brought to

Rome from every corner of the empire. This resulted in an

economy based on exploitation (= uitbuiting).

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Slaves (from every corner of the empire) were sold on slave markets.

These slaves were important for the economy. They either worked for private masters and

mistresses or they worked for the government. They worked on the farm lands and in the mines.

The slaves kept an economy based on slavery alive.

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The Romans weren’t tolerant

towards the Christians because

the Christians refused to sacrifice for

the Roman gods and emperors.

The Christians were originally

persecuted by the Romans.

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Research: What was the situation in the empire like in 200 AD? Explain what the words in bold mean in the sources (slides 6-11).

1 Trade network = handelsnetwerk: the Romans did a lot of trade throughout the empire.

2 Emperor’s cult = keizerscultus: emperors were worshipped throughout the empire.

3 Natural borders of the Roman empire: the Rhine river, the Alps, the Mediterranean Sea

4 Luxury products = luxeproducten: spices, silk, perfume, … were brought to Rome from the conquered territories and the inhabitants of these territories had to pay high taxes = exploitation = uitbuiting > economy based on exploitation = uitbuitingseconomie.

5 Slaves worked for the empire and worked on the farm lands or in the mines. The slaves kept the economy going = economy based on slavery (slavernĳ).

6 Romans were not tolerant (= verdraagzaam) towards Christians because Christians believed in 1 god and didn’t want to sacrifice to the Roman gods and emperors.

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Research: What was / were the cause(s) of the economic crisis? Use the sources to answer the questions.

Source 1

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Research: What was / were the cause(s) of the economic crisis? Source 2

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Gradual Decline

The Fall of Rome didn't happen in a day, it happened over a long period of time. There are a number of reasons why the empire began to fail. Here are some of the causes of the fall of the Roman Empire:

¥The politicians and rulers of Rome became more and more corrupt ¥Infighting and civil wars within the Empire

¥Attacks from barbarian tribes outside of the empire such as the Visigoths, Huns, Franks, and Vandals. ¥The Roman army was no longer a dominant force

¥The empire became so large it was difficult to govern

Rome Divides into Two

In 285 AD, Emperor Diocletian decided that the Roman Empire was too big to manage. He divided the Empire into two parts, the Eastern Roman Empire and the Western Roman Empire. Over the next hundred years or so, Rome would be reunited, split into three parts, and split in two again. Finally, in 395 AD, the empire was split into two for good. The Western Empire was ruled by Rome, the Eastern Empire was ruled by

Constantinople.

The "fall" of Rome discussed is referring to the Western Roman Empire which was ruled by Rome. The Eastern Roman Empire became known as the Byzantium Empire and remained in power for another 1000 years.

http://www.ducksters.com/history/

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Research: What was / were the cause(s) of the economic crisis?

The City of Rome is Sacked

The city of Rome was thought by many to be unconquerable. However, in 410 AD, a Germanic barbarian tribe called the Visigoths invaded the city. They looted the treasures, killed and enslaved many Romans, and

destroyed many buildings. This was the first time in 800 years that the city of Rome had been sacked.

Rome Falls

In 476 AD, a Germanic barbarian by the name of Odoacer took control of Rome. He became king of Italy and forced the last emperor of Rome, Romulus Augustulus, to give up his crown. Many historians consider this

to be the end of the Roman Empire.

The Dark Ages Begins

With the fall of Rome, many changes occurred throughout Europe. Rome had provided a strong government, education, and culture. Now much of Europe fell into barbarianism. The next 500 years would be known as the Dark Ages of Europe.

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Map of the Eastern and Western Roman Empire right before the fall

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Research: What was / were the cause(s) of the economic crisis? Answer the questions.

1 Which people(s) threatened (= bedreigden) the Roman empire (starting in 200 AD)?

In the West: germanic tribes (called barbarians by the Romans), in the East: the Persians

2 What problem(s) did the Romans have to face because of these threats?

Germanic tribes started invading, the borders had to be defended more and more= large cost

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Research: What was / were the cause(s) of the economic crisis? Highlight the correct answer(s).

Natural borders

are threatened

- in need or more defense

- in need of less defense

- more expenses for defense

- less expenses for defense

- in need of more taxes

- in need of less taxes

Economic crisis

migrations- more

safety- less

safety

- growth of trade

transport- fall of

trade transpor

t

- more wealth

- less wealth

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Research: What was / were the cause(s) of the economic crisis? Use the schedule on slide 20 to give the economic causes of the fall of the Roman empire.

- economic crisis

- fall of trade and transport

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Research: What was/were the political cause(s) of the fall of the Roman empire? Use the maps and texts on slides 14-20 to answer the questions.

- Which natural border(s) was/were threatened?

Rhine river

- Which people(s) were they threatened by?

Germanic tribes : Franks, Vandals, Visigoths, …

- What will be very expensive as a consequence (= gevolg)?

Defense > defending the borders by using the army

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Research: What was/were the political cause(s) of the fall of the Roman empire? Read the source.

The Soldier Emperors (= soldatenkeizers)

The third century (AD) was one of great disaster for the Roman empire. The army realised its power. It made and unmade emperors for cash and ceased to be an effective fighting force. Fifty soldier emperors succeeded each other in approximately the same amount of years.Barbarians invaded and plundered Roman territory. Pestilence (= de pest) , in addition to war, greatly diminished (made smaller) the population. It seemed as if the empire was about to fall.

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Research: What was/were the political cause(s) of the fall of the Roman empire? Answer the questions.

1 Who chose the soldier emperors?

The Army / The Praetorian guard

2 What will these soldier emperors focus on?

They will focus on war, not politics.

3 Think logically! Were the soldier emperors good emperors? Why (not)?

No, because they didn’t know anything about politics. They are generals of the army.

4 Complete the schedule on the following slide: Highlight the correct answers.

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Research: What was/were the political cause(s) of the fall of the Roman empire?

pressure on the bordersdefense becomes more

important/ defense becomes less important

generals become more popular/generals become

less popular

more political violence/less political violence RESULT = POLITICAL CRISIS

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Complete the text with the missing words. Choose from:

1. What were the causes of the fall of the Roman empire? In the first century AD the Roman empire had become a great empire. Defending the empire became a big task. In the third century (AD) pressure on the borders of the empire grew.

2. In the east the Persians (Parthians) tried to get to the Mediterranean Sea, in the north Germanic tribes crossed the borders of the empire to settle in the empire. Defense of the empire became very expensive. Difficult times had arrived and taxes went up.

3. More and more Germanic tribes were able to get through the Roman defense. They settled in the Roman empire. They worked as farmers or went through the empire and plundered. Living in the empire became increasingly unsafe. As a result trade stopped. The age of wealth was over and done with. The Roman empire had to deal with an economic crisis.

4. The importance of the army increased the political power of the generals. Some generals seized imperial power supported by their soldiers (= soldier emperors). There was a lot of political violence. Emperors succeeded each other rapidly. Lots of them were killed. The Roman empire had to deal with a political crisis.


Research question 22 What were the consequences of the fall of the Roman empire?

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Research: What were the economic consequences?

Highlight the correct answer(s).

Roman empire 1st century - 2nd centuryCities were protected with defensive walls =

safetyCities were safe because there were strong

borders and there was peace.Citizens lived well because there was a lot of

trade.Everybody had to provide for their own

food.

Many people went to live in the cities Many people went to live in the countryside.

Crisis in the Roman empire 3rd - 4th century

Many people fled to the cities and the cities grew.

Many people fled to the countryside. Cities became smaller.

People in the cities felt safe. People in the cities felt unsafe.

People in the cities had food because of trade. People had to provide for themselves.

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Research: What were the economic consequences?

CONCLUSION: Choose from: economy based on trade - trade transport and trade traffic -

economy based on agriculture.

1 Roman empire (1st and 2nd century): economy based on trade - wealth

2 Crisis in the Roman empire (3rd - 5th century): trade and transport become smaller - people go from the cities to the countryside

3 Start Middle Ages (5th century): small economy based on agriculture

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Research: What were the political consequences?

Use the maps to answer the questions. Map 1: The empire had become too big to rule from Rome. Emperor Constantine made a new capital city in the eastern part of the empire and called it Constantinople (Byzantium).

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Research: What were the political consequences? Map 2:

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Research: What were the political consequences? Map 3: Invasions of Germanic tribes. Fall of the Western Roman empire in 476 AD. The Western Roman Empire was split up into Germanic kingdoms = Start of the Middle Ages. The Eastern Roman empire kept going until 1453 when it was taken over by the Turks = End Middle Ages.

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Research: What were the political consequences? a) Complete the schedule with the missing words.

Choose from: unity - emperor - emperor abdicated (afgezet) - division - Western Roman empire

ROMAN EMPIRE

In the WEST (395) In the EAST (395)

Western Roman empire Eastern Roman empire

capital city: Rome, Ravenna and Trier capital city: Constantinople

In the WEST (476) In the EAST (476)

political division political unity

head of state: no more emperors head of state: emperor

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Research: What were the political consequences? b) Complete the timeline.

Choose from: Highlight Roman empire - Crisis Roman empire - Germanic tribes - Byzantine empire - split Western and Eastern Roman empire - fall Western empire

Decline of a great empire

Highlight Roman empire

WEST: Germanic

tribes

395: Split

Crisis Roman empire

EAST: Byzantine Empire

476: Fall western empire

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What were the consequences of the fall of the Roman empire?

The economic crisis had lots of consequences. Because trade transport and traffic had stopped, life in the city became hard. The people went to live in the countryside and were self-sufficient again. The economy based on trade evolved to an economy based on agriculture.

The political crisis had lots of consequences. The empire was split up into a Western and an Eastern Roman empire because it had become too big to be ruled by one emperor. In the Western part the emperors lost their authority and it was taken over by Germanic tribes. There was political division and the Western Roman empire fell in 476 AD.

The Eastern Roman empire (capital city Constantinople) kept on going. It remained an empire until 1453. In the Middle Ages the Eastern Roman empire was called the Byzantine empire.

476 = End of Classical Antiquity - Beginning of the Middle Ages1453 = End of the Middle Ages - Beginning of the Early Modern Period

Documents

LESSON 10 - Answer key€¦ · SINT-JOZEF SINT-PIETER BLANKENBERGE - GESCHIEDENIS TWEEDE JAAR - DECO (CLIL) Research: What was the situation in the empire like in 200 AD? Luxury products