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Environmental ScienceLesson 11: Renewable Energy Resources
Copyright Grey's Digital Online, LLC 2020-present
(usbiologyteaching.com)1
Day 1 Bell Ringer
What are some ways you use energy each day?
Lesson 11.1Why is Energy Efficiency an Important
Energy Resource?
What you will learn…
●what makes a device energy efficient
●ways in which energy is used inefficiently
●ways to improve energy efficiency with regard to industry, transportation, and home building
Key Terms
●energy efficiency
●cogeneration
●hydrogen fuel cell
People Can Use Energy More Efficiently
● People consume energy in many ways each day.○ __________ their vehicles○ power their lights and appliances ○ heat and cool their homes○ run equipment used to produce goods
and services in their businesses ● A lot of energy is __________ .
○ Energy can be saved by making more thoughtful choices.
People Can Use Energy More Efficiently{cont’d.}
● __________ __________
the measure of how much useful work we can get from each unit of energy we use.
■ The goal is to use less energy to complete the same amount of work● Example: LED light bulbs use less energy than
standard incandescent light bulbs○ use 90% less energy
● No energy devices operates at 100% efficiency.● 84% of energy used in the United States is wasted.
U.S. Commercial Energy
● Two areas in great need of improvement are __________ and ___________________.○ Top two energy consumers in the U.S.■ Data Centers run computers 24/7 and
are usually very energy inefficient.
Energy and Daily Activities
●Daily activities lead to a great loss of energy○energy inefficient
buildings and homes○ ______________ to work■only about 20% of
gasoline keeps a car moving
Benefits of Improving Energy Efficiency
●___________________ saves money○ creates jobs○ high net energy○ reduces oil imports○ improves energy security
● ____________________ reduces environmental degradation○ helps slow climate change
Day 1 Exit Ticket
What makes improving energy efficiency and reducing energy waste
important goals?
Day 2 Bell Ringer
What is the difference between a renewable and nonrenewable resource?
What is commercial energy?
IndustrialProcesses Can
Be More Energy Efficient
● The industrial sector includes facilities/equipment that produce, process, or assemble goods.○ accounts for _______of the
world’s energy consumption○ accounts for 33% U.S.
energy consumption● The most energy is used by
producers of __________, chemicals, paper, steel, aluminum, and wood products
Saving Energy and Money
● __________ __________ is a promising way to save energy.○ Produces two forms of energy from the same fuel
source○ Steam used for generating electricity can also be re-
captured and used to heat the plant or nearby buildings
● __________ __________ speed motors can save money.● Run at the minimum speed needed● Recycling steel and other metal materials saves money
as well● Replacing lights with LED bulbs, lowering thermostats,
and monitoring energy use with smart meters all help to
Electrical Companies and Energy Efficiency●When an _________________ is located, the next
step is to determine how much oil is there.○ If there is enough to extract a profit, wells
are dug.○ Crude oil is processed at a refinery.
●_________________ The U.S. electric grid is over 100 years old. ○ Today’s demand has stretched it beyond
what it is capable of.○ Plans are in the works to create a “green”
electric grid know as a smart grid which will save money for consumers and it will be more energy-efficient.■ Will allow for two-way communication
between consumers and utility providers.
Day 2 Exit Ticket
How does cogeneration
improve energy efficiency?
Day 3 Bell Ringer
How will a smart grid save
consumers money?
Transportation and Energy Efficiency
● In 2013, the EPA stated that 27% of U.S. greenhouse gas emissions came from __________and about 70% of U.S. oil use.○ Cars go further distances than they used to
with people traveling further each day to go to work.
● _______________ is an important priority in the U.S.● ________________ has improved over the years.
○ People do not always buy these types of vehicles■ Often gas prices are not enough to make
them consider higher efficiency vehicles■ Other hidden costs than just what is paid at
the pump● Taxes may discourage people from buying
inefficient vehicles.
Transportation and Energy Efficiency {cont’d.}
●Alternative Fuel Technology○ Growing interest in creating cars that are super-efficient, ultra-strong, and ultra-light
■ _________________ plug in to receive electricity or use battery-powered electric with a small back-up gasoline tank● Replacing all cars with these types of vehicles could cut U.S. oil
consumption by 70-90%.● Hybrid cars are ________________ Hydrogen fuel cells could be used to power
hybrid vehicles.
Buildings and Energy Efficiency
● ___________________________ and operations accounts for ⅓ of the world’s resource consumption and ¼ of its energy use.● It also contributes to 30-40% of all CO2
emissions and 30-40% of all solid waste.● Energy must be used more efficiently with
more renewable materials and pollution reduction in order to change this.
Buildings and Energy Efficiency {cont’d.}
● __________ __________ building designs that are energy,
resource, and cost efficient
○ can make net zero buildings possible
○ combines time-tested methods with modern materials
and technology
■ Facing a building __________ __________ can cut
heating costs up to 20%
■ Green roofs can reduce costs of cooling and heating
through the use of specially formulated soil and
vegetation
■ __________ __________ can cut heating costs as much
as 75%
Lesson 11.2 What Are Sources of Renewable Energy?
What you will learn...
●why renewable energy resources have not been more widely adopted
●sources of renewable energy and their applications
●the advantages and disadvantages of each source of renewable energy
Key Terms● passive solar heating
system● active solar heating
system● solar thermal system● photovoltaic cell
●hydropower
●biomass
●biofuel
●geothermal energy
Renewable Energy Resources to Produce Electricity
● We can use ____________________ from the sun, wind, flowing water, Earth’s interior, and biomass to make electricity.
● With proper government backing, renewable energy could provide 20% of the world’s electricity by _________ and 50% by 2050.
● A lack of knowledge about, government funding, and tax breaks are reasons that non-renewable sources are often used instead of renewable ones.
Solar Energy
● ________________ can be used in both homes and businesses.● It can help heat inside spaces and
water.●Solar energy can also produce
electricity.
Solar Energy {cont’d.}
● __________ __________ __________ __________ A building with enough access to sunlight can get their energy directly from the sun and utilize a passive heating system.
○ Small back-up systems are often installed,
but are most often not needed.
Solar Energy {cont’d.}● ______________________________ ● captures energy from the sun by pumping heat-
absorbing fluid, often water or an antifreeze solution through collectors.○ The collectors face the sun and the heat can
then be used directly or stored for later use.○ Often used in home and apartments
■ 1 out of 10 house/apartments in China use this technology to provide hot water at a cost of about $200.
■ In Spain, these solar water heaters are required on all new buildings.
Day 3 Exit Ticket
What is a net zero energy building?
Day 4 Bell Ringer
How does a passive solar heating system work?
Concentrating Solar Power (CSP)● Solar thermal systems are also known as __________
__________ __________● Can be used in places like deserts or open areas to help
collect heat in order to generate electricity or boil water ● Mirrors are used to collect sunlight
(__________ _____) ○ Troughs focus the sunlight on a pipe that is
filled with synthetic oil which heats to 400
degrees Fahrenheit to __________ and produce steam
○ Powers a turbine that causes a generator to make electricity.
VIDEOS:
How do solar panels work? -Richard Komp
Australia's Energy Security -24/7 Concentrated Solar
Thermal Power plus Molten Salt Storage (CSP+)
Solar Cells
● Energy can be directly converted into __________ __________ with the use of photovoltaic cells.
● World’s fastest- growing technology for electricity production○ Solar plants exist in: Germany, Spain, South Korea, Portugal,
China, and the southwestern U.S.● The cost per watt of energy fell by 83% in the U.S. between 2008
and 2014.● Solar cells are very thin transparent wafers of purified silicon (SI)
or polycrystalline silicon with small amounts of metals.○ Electricity is produced when sunlight strikes them.
Hydropower●__________ __________ of flowing or falling water
creates hydropower.●Most widely-used renewable energy source in the
world ●__________ __________ can be created through
dam/reservoir systems and through the use of micro-hydropower generators and through energy in oceans.●__________ __________ renewable energy
resource ●Oceans can provide energy from tides and
waves●Scientists have been trying to utilize wave
energy from oceans where there are continuous waves as well.
Wind Power● __________ __________ growing source of electricity● Wind farms in more than 85 countries produced 3.5% of
the world’s electricity.○ Enough to service more than 500 million people○ Predictions are that by 2050, this number will be 31%
● __________ __________ has more benefits and less drawbacks than other power sources
● Could potentially produce 40 times the world’s current electricity use.
Day 4 Exit Ticket
What are some pros and cons
of hydropower?
Day 5 Bell Ringer
What are two misconceptions people have about renewable
energy?
Biomass and Biofuels
● __________ is the organic matter found in plants and plant-related material.
● In the liquid of gaseous state, it is known as __________.
● Used for heating, cooking, industrial processes, and electricity generation
● Examples include wood, wood wastes, charcoal made from wood, and agricultural wastes including rice husks, corn cobs, and sugarcane stalks.
Biomass and Biofuels {Cont’d.}
●Wood is a __________________ when it is not harvested faster than it is replenished.● Solutions including trees that grow
faster and perennial grasses● 2.7 billion people in almost 80
underdeveloped countries each face a _________________ crisis.○Must meet fuel needs by
harvesting faster than the trees can be replaced
Biomass and Biofuels {Cont’d.}
● __________ __________○ Wide availability in many
areas○ Moderate costs○ Medium net energy○ No net CO2 increase if
harvested, burned, and replanted sustainably
○ Plantations help restore degraded lands
● __________ __________ _____○ Potential increase in
deforestation○ Damage to ecosystems
from clear-cutting, soil erosion, water pollution, and loss of wildlife habitat
○ Potential spread of invasive species
○ Increase in CO2 emissions if harvested and burned sustainably
Geothermal Energy
● __________________________comes from heat stored underground, in the soil, and in fluids in Earth’s mantle.
● Can be used to heat and cool buildings and water
● Can also be used to __________ __________
● Available around the clock but only where enough underground heat exists
●__________ __________ __________ systems can heat and cool homes almost anywhere in the world by using the temperatures of Earth’s surface and underground depth of 10-20 feet.○ This heat system can heat or cool a 2,000 square foot home for as
little as a dollar a day and pays for itself in 3-5 years.○ It is energy-efficient, clean, reliable, cost-effective.
●Hydrothermal reservoirs can tap into deeper geothermal energy.●Wells are created to extract dry steam which can heat buildings, provide
hot water, and spin turbines to make electricity.
Geothermal Energy {cont’d.}
Geothermal Energy {cont’d.}● __________ __________ is another source of geothermal energy.● It is found 3 miles or more underground in almost all locations on
Earth.● Water is injected through wells into the hot dry rock, and some of
the water absorbs the heat, creating steam which is brought to the surface.
Hydrogen Fuel● Dubbed as the __________ _● ______ gas and ______ gas combine
to produce electricity and water vapor, which is released into the atmosphere.
● Can greatly reduce the threat of climate change when produced with the use of renewables
● Has drawbacks as well
VIDEOS:
Hydrogen - the Fuel of the Future?
First boat to make its own hydrogen fuel from seawater
Can Hydrogen Fuel the World's Fast-Growing Energy Needs? | WSJ
Day 5 Exit Ticket
Why isn’t geothermal energy more
widely used?
Day 6 Bell Ringer
How is hydrogen obtained for fuel cells?
Lesson 11.3How Can Society Transition to a More
Sustainable Energy Future?
What you will learn....
● the challenges associated with transitioning to a more sustainable energy future
● the paths society can take to transition to more sustainable energy use
Key Terms●decarbonization●district heating
A More Sustainable
Energy Future Is Possible
● Transitioning to a more sustainable energy future is a challenge.○ fossil fuels and
___________________ are less expensive
○ lack of long-term government tax breaks, rebates, and low interest loans
○ lack of ________________ about many energy sources■ A gradual shift to updated
sources is likely to occur over time.
Decarbonization
● __________ __________ is a global transition away from fossil fuels.
● The United States, Japan, Germany, United Kingdom, France, Italy, and Canada are working towards this.○ These countries combine to make up 25% of
the world’s output of carbon emissions.
Decarbonization {cont’d.}
● Transitioning to a more sustainable energy future requires three main strategies.○ ____________________ ○ expanding renewable energy○ reducing pollution and health risks
Decarbonization {cont’d.}
VIDEO:
Moving Toward Decarbonization
Day 6 Exit Ticket
How do subsidies for fossil-fuel-based energy compare to subsidies for
renewable energy?
Day 7 Bell Ringer
What are the challenges associated with
transitioning to a more sustainable energy future?
Day 7 Exit Ticket
What advances in technology will help in aiding the transition to a more sustainable energy future?
Day 8 Bell Ringer
Identify two ways to
make transportation
more efficient and
cost-effective.
Day 8 Exit Ticket
List two ways to save money in new buildings
and in existing buildings.
Day 9 Bell Ringer
What makes one appliance more efficient than another model of the same appliance?
Day 9 Exit Ticket
How can renewable energy resources better serve people in less-developed
countries?
