LESSONS LEARNED and RECOVERING from TSUNAMI DISASTER

Monday, January 15, 2007Monday, January 15, 2007 page page 1

LESSONS LEARNED and RECOVERING from

TSUNAMI DISASTER

byKusmayanto Kadiman

State Minister of Research and Technology, Republic of Indonesia

presented atINTERNATIONAL FORUM on TSUNAMI and EARTHQUAKE

Progress of the Implementation of the Hyogo Framework for Actionand Recovery from Tsunami and Earthquake

State Ministry of Research and TechnologyRepublic of IndonesiaRepublic of Indonesia


OUTLINEOUTLINE1.1. IntroductionIntroduction2.2. Lesson Learned from TsunamiLesson Learned from Tsunami3.3. Tsunami EarlyTsunami Early--Warning SystemsWarning Systems4.4. Tsunami Recovery StatusTsunami Recovery Status


1.1. IntroductionIntroduction


The Indonesian region very complicated plates convergence : subduction, collision, back-arc thrusting, back-arc and opening faults

Moving relatively to each other • the India-Australia plate :

moving northward • the Philippine sea plate :

moving west-northwestward.

• the Caroline plate : moving east-southeastward (near Aru) and west-northwestward (near Yap trench)

Every year about 460earthquakes (M > 4.0 )

Tectonic Setting and Tectonic Setting and SeismicitySeismicity of Indonesiaof Indonesia


Earthquake and Tsunami HistoryEarthquake and Tsunami History

EARTHQUAKE WITH M ≥ 7.0 RSIN INDONESIA, 1900 - 2004

EARTHQUAKE WITH M ≥ 7.0 RSIN INDONESIA, 1900 - 2004

A. TOTAL : 212

B. IN THE SEA : 182 ( 86 % )

C. SHALLOW IN THE SEA : 153 ( 72 % )

D. GENERATED TSUNAMI) : 86 ( 40 % )

A. TOTAL : 212

B. IN THE SEA : 182 ( 86 % )

C. SHALLOW IN THE SEA : 153 ( 72 % )

D. GENERATED TSUNAMI) : 86 ( 40 % )

modified from : Latif and Guisakof


Tsunami threats in IndonesiaTsunami threats in Indonesia

Tsunami in Indonesia are local type• Generated very close to coastal communities• Insufficient time to accurately assess the risk• Less time to disseminate warnings and carry out

orderly evacuation

Indonesia

• has 17,000+ islands

• has coast-line of 81,000 kms, 50% of which are prone to tsunami

• coastal inhabitants : 20 million people


2. Lesson Learned from Tsunami 2. Lesson Learned from Tsunami Tsunami Banda Tsunami Banda AcehAceh : Sunday, 26 December 2004 : Sunday, 26 December 2004

Tsunami Tsunami PangandaranPangandaran : Monday, 17 July 2006: Monday, 17 July 2006


AcehAceh Tsunami : a brief reminder Tsunami : a brief reminder

• 132,000 confirmed dead• 37,000 missing• 572,000 displaced• 1.3 million homes and buildings

destroyed• 8 ports and 4 fuel deports

damaged• 85% of the water and 92% of the

sanitation system broke down• 120 km of roads and 18 main

bridges demolished• total losses amount to US$ 4.5

billion, which represents 2.2% of National GDP and 97% of Aceh’sGDP


the causes the causes ……

Catastrophic earthquakeScale 9 with shallow epicenter offshoreVery strong ground shaking for 4 minutes felt in many areasPeople moved out of their houses out of fear

Followed by a tsunamiWave height ranging from 4 – 30 mMost people have never seen such calamity in their livesDid not know what to do – chaoticNo warning was issued


PangandaranPangandaran Tsunami 17 July 2006Tsunami 17 July 2006

MainMain-- and afterand after--shocksshocks

Tsunami history of the areaTsunami history of the area


Victims of the Earthquake and TsunamiVictims of the Earthquake and Tsunami

http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/Images/pangandaran_iko_2006200_lrg.jpg


3. Tsunami Early Warning Systems3. Tsunami Early Warning SystemsStructure & CultureStructure & Culture


…… in response in response

• Government formed the Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Agency (BRR)

• Ministry of Research and Technology responsible in coordinating various agencies in the Development of TsunamiEarly Warning Systems throughout Indonesia

http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg


Indonesia Tsunami Early Warning SystemsIndonesia Tsunami Early Warning Systems

Sensing Devices :•Seismometer•Accelerometer•OBU :

- Seismometer- Accelerometer- Pressure

•GPS

Transmit Data :Bottom to Surface,Surface to center

Processing Center

Transmit Information :SR/MMILocation (LS+BT)DepthTimePredict : Tsunami ?

Recipients :•Bakornas•Satkorlak•Satlak•Media

Geo Input

Recipients :•Bakornas•Satkorlak•Satlak•Media

COMMUNITY


Seismic MonitoringSeismographAccelerograph

Database of Tsunami ModelingSea level monitoring

DART - BUOYTide Gauge

Information and Communication TechnologyCrustal Deformation Monitoring

GPSGeospatial Information

Satellite ImageryTopographic and Bathymetric map

Community PreparednessCapacity Building on Disaster Management

Elements of the systemsElements of the systems


PadangPadang, 26 , 26 DesemberDesember 200520051.1. Increase the awareness for Local Government Increase the awareness for Local Government

officialsofficials

2. TOT for community2. TOT for community

3. Community Education3. Community Education

4. Evacuation route4. Evacuation route

5. Design and construction of signboards5. Design and construction of signboards

6. Simulation of Early6. Simulation of Early--warning warning Systems and EvacuationSystems and Evacuation

7. Media campaign7. Media campaign

8. Training for students8. Training for students

Culture Activity : Tsunami DrillCulture Activity : Tsunami Drill


Bali, 26 Desember 20061.1. TOT for Local Government officials TOT for Local Government officials

and communityand community

2. Table top simulation2. Table top simulation

3. Rehearsals3. Rehearsals

4. Exhibitions4. Exhibitions

5. Design and construction of 5. Design and construction of signboardssignboards

6. Media campaign6. Media campaign

7. Warning issuance7. Warning issuance

8. 8. Simulation of Early-warning Systems and Evacuation

Culture Activity : Tsunami DrillCulture Activity : Tsunami Drill


AssumptionsAssumptionsNon-destructive earthquake : electricity and communication are still functioningTsunami-wave arrives at Sindhu beach 35 minutes after earthquakeTsunami waves strike for 30 minutes

mass gathering

Evacuation Place


4. Tsunami Recovery Status4. Tsunami Recovery Status


SEQUENCING OF RECOVERY PROCESSSEQUENCING OF RECOVERY PROCESS

Source: Aceh-Nias Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Agency, July 2006


Progress SummaryProgress Summary

(Source: Aceh-Nias Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Agency, December 2006)














THE WAY FORWARDTHE WAY FORWARD

The healing of The healing of AcehAceh and and NiasNias will take a long time, and will inevitably see will take a long time, and will inevitably see setbacks, as well as celebrationssetbacks, as well as celebrationsThe challenges of Sustainable Recovery:The challenges of Sustainable Recovery:

Rebuilding the economy is a great challenge and is best served bRebuilding the economy is a great challenge and is best served by starting y starting physical reconstruction as swiftly as possible.physical reconstruction as swiftly as possible.Commercial banks suffered major losses due to unrecoverable loanCommercial banks suffered major losses due to unrecoverable loans but are s but are slowly recovering.slowly recovering.Restoring the natural environment will require years of hard worRestoring the natural environment will require years of hard work.k.

Coordination among all stakeholders is not yet strong enough andCoordination among all stakeholders is not yet strong enough and tends to tends to focus on informationfocus on information--sharing: sharing: Reiterating the main role of the BRR is to coordinate on dependaReiterating the main role of the BRR is to coordinate on dependable ble mechanism as directed by the Master Plan mechanism as directed by the Master Plan The role of local governments of The role of local governments of AcehAceh and and NiasNias should be strengthened, should be strengthened, along with the exitalong with the exit--strategy from BRRstrategy from BRR


ProblemsProblemsLack of institutional and human resources Lack of institutional and human resources capacity, lack of instrument and facilities, and the capacity, lack of instrument and facilities, and the unreadiness of disaster management unreadiness of disaster management system/mechanisms result in slow and less system/mechanisms result in slow and less efective of disaster management and mitigation. efective of disaster management and mitigation.

Majority of people do not aware that they live in Majority of people do not aware that they live in proneprone--disaster areas.disaster areas.

Major Challenges Major Challenges Lack of resources particularly in implementing Lack of resources particularly in implementing reconstruction stage, namely, in reconstructing reconstruction stage, namely, in reconstructing people and areas which devastated by disaster.people and areas which devastated by disaster.

The old model and pattern of emergencyThe old model and pattern of emergency--response response oriented disaster management should be shifted to oriented disaster management should be shifted to the riskthe risk--management oriented one.management oriented one.

Major Problems and Challenges for 2007Major Problems and Challenges for 2007

The unreliable system and the lack of capacity in handling disasThe unreliable system and the lack of capacity in handling disaster ter


Arigato Arigato GozaimasitaGozaimasita

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LESSONS LEARNED and RECOVERING from TSUNAMI DISASTER