LHCCC report 2013-11-29

Oliphant Eastern Massassauga rattlesnake habitat restoration

and assessment - October, 2013

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Oliphant Massasauga report.doc

Restoration & Assessment

of potential Eastern Massasauga rattlesnake (Sisturus catenatus) habitat in Oliphant, Bruce County, Ontario

Photo: Tom Preney

Prepared by: Dave Jolly, B.Sc. Habitat Restoration Ecologist Fieldlife Environmental Consultants & Ecological Services October, 2013 Project # 522

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Oliphant Eastern Massasauga rattlesnake habitat restoration


Oliphant, Massasaugareport.doc

©copyright 2013 Lake Huron Centre for Coastal Conservation. All rights reserved. No work from this material may be produced or transmitted by any means without acknowledgement of its source and permission from Lake Huron Centre for Coastal Conservation.

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Table of Contents

Page

Acknowledgements ……………………………………………………………..………………………………………… 8

1.0 Introduction .………………………………………………………………………………………………………..… 8

2.0 Methods ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 9

3.0 Field Investigations ….…………………………………………………………………………………………. 9

4.0 Ecological Land Classification Vegetation Community Descriptions ………………….……. 9

5.0 Vegetation communities…………………………….…………………………………………………….…….. 10

5.1 Mixed mineral meadow marsh type (MAMM3-1)…………………………..……..…. 10

5.2 Gramnoid coastal meadow marsh type (MAMM4-1) ……………………..……….. 10

5.3 Twig rush coastal meadow marsh type (MAMM4-4)………………………............ 10

6.0 Flora …………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……….... 11

Table 1 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..….. 11

Table 2 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…….. 13

6.1 Rare flora …………………………………………………………………………………………..………. 15

Figure 1 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………….. 16

Figure 2 ………………….…………………………………………………………………………………………..…….. 17

Table 3 ………………………………………………………….…………………………………………….…………… 18

7.0 Fauna ………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………….…….…. 19

7.1 Herpetofauna ………………………………………………………….………………….…………….. 19

7.2 Avifauna ………………….………………………………………………..………………………………. 19

Figure 3 ………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………….. 20

8.0 Sensitive areas ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 21

Figure 4 ……………………………………………………………………………………………….………………….. 22

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9.0 Massasaugasurveys……………………………….……………………………………………….…………………… 23

9.1 Snake hibernacula .……………………..…………………………………………………………….. 23

10.0 Recommendations ……………………………….………………………………………………….…………………… 24

Figure 5 ………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………… 25

Figure 6a ………………………………………….……………………………………………..……………………… 26

Figure 6b …………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………… 27

Figure 6c ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…….. 28

Figure 6d ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….……….. 29

Literature Cited ………………………………………………………………………………………………..…….. 30

Appendix A …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 32

Appendix B …………………………………………………………………………………………………….……….. 70

Appendix C …………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………… 74

Appendix D …………………………………………………………………………………………………..………….. 80

Appendix E ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 81

Appendix F ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 83

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Statement of Qualifications and Limitations

The attached Report (the “Report”) has been prepared by Fieldlife Environmental Consultants &

Ecological Services (“Consultant”) for the benefit of the client (“Client”), who has been retained in

accordance with the agreement between Consultant and Client, including the scope of work detailed in

the Terms of Reference prepared for this report therein (the “Agreement”).

The information, data, recommendations and conclusions contained in the Report

(collectively, the “Information”):

is subject to the scope, schedule, and other constraints and limitations in the Agreement and the qualifications contained in the Report (the “Limitations”)

represents Consultant’s professional judgement in light of the Limitations and industry standards for the preparation of similar reports

may be based on information provided to Consultant which has not been independently verified

has not been updated since the date of issuance of the Report and its accuracy is limited to the time period and circumstances in which it was collected, processed, made or issued

must be read as a whole and sections thereof should not be read out of such

context was prepared for the specific purposes described in the Report and the

Agreement

Consultant shall be entitled to rely upon the accuracy and completeness of information that

was provided to it and has no obligation to update such information. Consultant accepts no

responsibility for any events or circumstances that may have occurred since the date on which

the Report was prepared and, in the case of subsurface, environmental or ecological conditions, is

not responsible for any variability in such conditions, geographically or over time.

Consultant agrees that the Report represents its professional judgement as described above

and that the Information has been prepared for the specific purpose and use described in the

Report and the Agreement, but Consultant makes no other representations, or any guarantees

or warranties whatsoever, whether express or implied, with respect to the Report, the

Information or any part thereof.

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The Report is to be treated as confidential and may not be used or relied upon by third parties,

except:

as agreed in writing by Consultant and Client as required by law for use by governmental reviewing agencies

Consultant accepts no responsibility, and denies any liability whatsoever, to parties other

than Client who may obtain access to the Report or the Information for any injury, loss or

damage suffered by such parties arising from their use of, reliance upon, or decisions or actions

based on the Report or any of the Information (“improper use of the Report”), except to the

extent those parties have obtained the prior written consent of Consultant to use and rely upon

the Report and the Information. Any damages arising from improper use of the Report or parts

thereof shall be borne by the party making such use.

This Statement of Qualifications and Limitations is attached to and forms part of the Report

and any use of the Report is subject to the terms hereof.

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Distribution List

# of Hard Copies PDF Required Association / Company Name

1 X Lake Huron Centre for Coastal Conservation

1 X Fieldlife Environmental Consultants & Ecological Services

Fieldlife and Lake Huron Centre for Coastal Conservation Signatures

Report Prepared By:

Dave Jolly, B.Sc.

Habitat Restoration Ecologist

Fieldlife Environmental Consultants & Ecological

Services

Report Reviewed By:

Lake Huron Centre for Coastal Conservation

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Acknowledgements

The author is grateful for the assistance of Karen Alexander and Becky Adams of the Lake Huron

Centre for Coastal Conservation (LHCCC), Kim Palonan, Theresa Stafford of the Friends of Oliphant

Coastal Environments, Laurie Rosie for her significant Eastern Massasauga rattlesnake (Sisturus

catenatus) record and a number of local residents of Oliphant for their support and sharing their

observations and information about snakes.

1.0 Introduction

The community of Oliphant, located on the Lake Huron side of south Bruce Peninsula in Bruce

County contains a diverse array of coastal wetland habitats. The Lake Huron Centre for Coastal

Conservation (LHCCC) and Friends of Oliphant have been active stewards and partners of the coastal

wetlands ensuring the integrity of habitats are retained. Unfortunately, in recent times, the coastal

wetlands of Oliphant have been under pressure from heavy ATV and Off Road Vehicle (ORV) traffic to

the extent that some coastal wetlands have been compromised. Additionally, Common reed

(Phragmites australis) has affected large portions of coastal wetland habitat and the LHCCC has been

working to control the spread of this invasive species. Moreover, another invasive plant Russian thistle

(Salsola kali) has been invading portions of Sandy Bay by vehicular traffic. Fieldlife was retained by the

Lake Huron Centre for Coastal Conservation (LHCCC) to perform botanical surveys and delineate

restoration plots using Ecological Land Classification (ELC) methodology, collect seeds of selected

wetland plants for restoration, conduct surveys for Eastern Massasauga rattlesnake, their potential

habitat and hibernacula (Figures 1 & Figure 5). Previous field work conducted by Judith Jones of Winter

Spider Eco-Consulting in 2009 classified nine ELC vegetation communities, 7 Ontario Species at Risk

(SAR) flora and fauna species and identified 213 species of vascular plants within the coastal wetlands.

This project highlighted 3 vegetation communities which represent fairly natural conditions for a healthy

and vigorous wetland, disturbed and sensitive wetlands, candidate Significant Wildlife Habitat (cSWH)

for Eastern Massasauga rattlesnake and identified 70 wetland plant species specific to coastal wetland

habitats. These are the communities that habitat restoration efforts should aim to enhance the

vegetation and improve potential habitat.

Records of Eastern Massasauga rattlesnake for Oliphant date back to 1985, but no recent

records since the amendment of the Provincial Policy Statement (PPS) have been observed outside of a

June 1, 2009 record. The majority of historical records were observed in the southern portion of

Oliphant on private property and, therefore, detailed habitat assessments could not be conducted

without landowner permission.

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2.0 Methods

A record review was performed on Natural Heritage Information Centre (NHIC) 1 x 1 kilometer

squares 17MK75_74, 17MK75_75 and 17MK75_85 in search of any Ontario Species at Risk (SAR), or

provincially rare flora and fauna which may be encountered during field investigations, specific to the

ELC vegetation polygons delineated for restoration. The result of this search is displayed in Appendix B.

Of the SAR flora and fauna listed in the NHIC 1 km2 squares 1 provincially rare plant listed in

Appendix C was observed at Oliphant within a delineated polygon and restoration plot #1 (Photo log

#4b; Stiff yellow flax (Linum medium). However, the provincially rare sub-species L. medium var medium

as indicated in the NHIC squares was not observed.

3.0 Field Investigations

Fieldlife and LHCCC staff conducted field work from August 26 – 28, 2013, while a student from the EARTHQUEST Biological Field School and a volunteer from the Friends of Oliphant Coastal Conservation continued field work from August 31 to September 1, 2013. The weather from August 26 – September 1 consisted of a temperature of 25 – 30 degrees C, cloud 70 – 80% and wind of 3 – 6 km/hr. Additional field work was conducted by Fieldlife and LHCCC staff from September 23 – 24, 2013. Weather during this period consisted of a temperature range of 22 – 24 degree C, cloud 10 – 20% and wind of 3 – 6 km/hr. Ecological Land Classification (ELC) was used as the basis for vegetation descriptions. All species of vascular plants and fauna were documented and checked for their status at global, national, provincial, regional and local levels. Appendix C and D represents the master species list compiled for flora at designated restoration plots and areas at Oliphant.

4.0 Ecological Land Classification Vegetation Community Descriptions A community profile was developed for each polygon classified, giving a visual representation of the vegetation type along with a plant species, wildlife as well as community description and classification (see Appendix E) utilizing the Ecological Land Classification (ELC) rapid assessment method, although soils were included for the purpose of providing site conditions for restoration plots. The vegetation communities were classified at Oliphant following the 2nd approximation ELC table (Bakowsky, et al. 2009). The first polygon is 0.15 hectares (ha) and was classified to be Mixed Mineral Meadow Marsh type (MAMM3-1). The second polygon is 0.24 ha and was classified to be Gramnoid Coastal Meadow Marsh type (MAMM4-1). The MAMM3-1 and MAMM4-1 are adjacent and exhibit a good gradual transition from areas disturbed by ATV and ORV traffic and Phragmites representing healthy and biodiverse communities. The third polygon is 0.4 ha. This polygon was classified to be MAMM4-4. The presence of provincially rare Stiff yellow flax within this vegetation type signifies it as a

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rare vegetation community under the provisions of the MNR draft Ecoregion Criteria Schedule. Figure 1 depicts the ELC classification of these polygons. All vegetation communities are largely dominated by wetland herbaceous plant species.

5.0 Vegetation Communities Three ELC vegetation types were classified within restoration areas (Figure 1).

5.1 Mixed Mineral Meadow Marsh type (MAMM3-1)

A community of 0.15 ha more representative of low quality wetland habitat associated with terrestrial systems such as deciduous forests. At Oliphant, this community contains coastal wetland species and is dominated by forbs and gramnoids; Alpine or Richardson rush (Juncus alpinoarticulatus), with occasional Ohio goldenrod (Solidago ohionensis) and Switch grass (Panicum virgatum) with rarely occurring Boneset (Eupatorim perforatum), Grass leaved goldenrod (Euthamia gramnifolia) and Reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea) and Silverweed (Potentilla anserina) as ground cover (Photo log # 1, Appendix F). The soil was fine sand with evidence of glaciation and the water table over 120 cm.

5.2 Gramnoid Coastal Meadow Marsh type (MAMM4-1) This vegetation type is provincially rare with an S2 rank (Appendix B) and occurs within NHIC squares 17MK75_74 and 17MK75_75. Tickle grass (Agrostris scabroides) was the dominant gramnoid in all layers with occasional Alpine or Richardson rush, Twig rush (Cladium maricoides) and Three square (Scirpus americanus) followed by invasive Common reed that is rare in abundance. Batlic rush (Juncus balticus) was rare in the ground cover (Photo log #2, Appendix F). Soil was fine sand with the water table within 1 cm and evidence of glaciation effecting soil particles at the surface (0 cm). The polygon is 0.24 ha.

5.3 Twig rush Coastal Meadow Marsh type (MAMM4-4)

This vegetation community contains restoration plot #1 and had a substantial Stiff yellow flax population with a density of 89 plants surveyed within a 1 m2 plot adjacent to restoration plot #1. The population was delineated as depicted in Figure 2 as a Stiff yellow flax inclusion (MAMM4-4a; Appendix F) within the MAMM4-4 (Photo logs #3 & 4a), which was 0.042 ha. Stiff yellow flax was ocassional in the ground layer. The soil was fine sand with evidence of the last glacier reaching 27 cm and mottles present at 20 cm. The polygon is 0.42 ha with Tickle grass (Agrostis scabra) as the dominant plant followed by Twig rush. In addition to Phragmites invasive Russian thistle has established a foothold on this polygon and was found thriving elsewhere within the coastal wetlands at Oliphant.



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6.0 Flora

Table 1 Plants surveyed within Restoration plot #1

Family name Species name Status

Latin/Common Common/Latin Global COSEWIC MNR Provincial Regional

(Ecoregion 6E)

Local (Bruce

county) Restoration

plot soil

Campanulaceae/ Bellflower

Lobelia kalmii/Brook or Kalm's lobelia G5 S5 R4 C5

The soil was fine sand with evidence of the last glacier reaching 27 cm and mottles within 20 cm of surface.

Compositae/Composite

Ambrosia artemisiifolia/Common ragweed G5 S5 R5 C5

Aster lanceolatus/Panicled aster G5T5? S5 R5 C5

Euthamia gramnifolia/Grass leaved goldenrod G5 S5 R5 C5

Solidago ohioensis/Ohio goldenrod G5 S5 R5 C5

Cruciferae/Mustard

Diplotaxis tenuifolia/Narrow leaved wall rocket GNR SNA RE5 CE5

Erucastrum gallicum/Dog mustard G5 SNA RE5 CE5

Cyperaceae/Sedge Carex viridula/Greenish sedge G5 S5 R5 C5

Gentianaceae/Gentian Gentianopsis vigata/Fringed gentian G? S5 R3 C3

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Gramineae/Grass

Agrostis scabra/Tickle grass G5 S5 R5 C5

Phragmites australis/Common reed G? SE5 RE5 CE5

Juncus balticus/Baltic rush G5 S5 R5 C5

Juncus canadensis/Canadian rush G5 S5 R5 C5

Linaceae/Flax Linum medium/Stiff yellow flax G5T3T4 S3? R1 C1

58 stems surveyed

Primulaceae/Primrose

Primula mistassinaca/Bird's eye primrose G5 S4 R4 C4

Lythra salicaria/Purple loosestrife G5 SNA RE5 CE5

Rosaceae/Rose Potentilla anserina/Silverweed G5 S5 R5 C5

Saxifragaceae/Saxifrage Parnassus glauca/Grass of parnassus G5 S5 R5 C5

Seventy species were recorded during field investigations (Appendix C) within delineated ELC polygons (Figure 1). Of these, 11 are introduced.

The percentage of introduced or exotic species within the surveyed polygons is 15.9%, which is fairly low for natural areas in terms of aggressive

encroachment by invasive plants. Additionally, 17 species were inventoried for the 4 m2 restoration plot #1 within the MAMM4-4 polygon. Of

these, 2 species, or 11.7% were introduced (Table 1). Phragmites was found in this plot. A total of 14 species were surveyed within restoration

plot #2 (Table 2) within the disturbed wetland polygon. Of these, 1, or 0.7% were introduced. No Phragmites exists in this plot.

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Table 2 Plants surveyed within Restoration plot #2

Family name Species name Status

Latin/Common Common/Latin Global COSEWIC MNR Provincial

Regional (Ecoregion

6E)

Local (Bruce county)

Restoration plot soil



The soil was fine sand with evidence of the last glacier reaching 0 cm and water table within 1 cm of surface.

Helenium autumnale/Sneezeweed G5 S5 R5 C4


Cruciferae/Mustard Diplotaxis tenuifolia/Narrow leaved wall rocket GNR SNA RE5 CE5

Cyperacaea/Sedge Rynchospora capillacea/Fen beakrush G4 S4? R3 C1

Gramineae/Grass Agrostis scabra/Tickle grass G5 S5 R5 C5

Guttiferae/St. Johnswort Hypericum kalmii/Kalm's St. Johnswort G4 S4 R2 C3

Juncaceae/Rush

Cladium mariscoides/Twig rush G5 S5 R5 C5

Juncus alpinoarticulatus/Alpine or Richardson rush G5 S5 R5 C5


Lycopus americanus/Cut-leaved water horehound G5 S5 R5 C5

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Orchidaceae/Orchid Spiranthes romanzoffiana/Hooded ladies tresses G5 S5 R5 C5

Rosaceae/Rose Potentilla anserina/Silverweed G5 S5 R5 C5

Saxifragaceae/Saxifrage Parnassus glauca/Grass of parnassus G5 S5 R5 C5



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The majority of invasive species were restricted to areas which were adjacent to roads and

represented the translocation of invasive plants into the coastal wetlands. Significantly more invasive

and introduced species were observed around candidate snake hibernacula created from the formation

of man-made berms. A number of these berms had rock gardens, which provide a catalyst for the

introduction of garden escapees into natural areas. Fortunately, the majority of garden escapees were

restricted to the rock garden areas and did not seem to encroach upon the neighbouring wetlands.

6.1 Rare flora

A record review of NHIC 1 x 1 km2 squares (Appendix C) revealed 11 SAR and provincially rare flora, 6 historical species of SAR or provincially rare plants within 17MK75_74, 8 SAR and provincially rare flora, 7 historical species within 17MK75_75 and 8 SAR and provincially rare flora, 7 historical SAR species within 17MK75_85. Of these, only Tuberous Indian plantain (Arnoglossum plantagineum) occurred in 17MK75_85 and Stiff yellow flax was found within 17MK17_75. Dwarf lake iris (Iris lacustris) was observed, but did not occur in any of these squares during field investigations. A total of 13 provincially, regionally and locally rare plants (Table 1) were observed at Oliphant; 31 records of provincially and federally special concern Tuberous indian plantain, 5 records of provincially rare Dwarf lake iris, 30 records of Stiff yellow flax and 9 records of Blueleaf willow (Salix myricoides). Tuberous Indian plantain, Dwarf lake iris, Stiff yellow flax and Blueleaf willow are also listed as rare in the Checklist of Vascular Plants for Bruce and Grey Counties (2003). Ten regionally rare (within the Mixed deciduous forest region: Ecoregion 6E – source; EARTHQUEST Plants of Ontario database) plants were discovered within surveyed polygons; Fringed gentian (Gentiana vigata), Kalm’s St. Johnswort (Hypericum kalmii), Marsh St. Johnswort (Triadenum fraseri), Mermaid weed (Proserpinacea palustris), Greater arrowgrass (Triglochin maritimus), Slender or Lesser arrowgrass (Triglochin palustre), Fen beakrush (Rynchospora capillacea), Low calla mint (Calamintha arkansana), Sticky false tofeldia (Tofeldia glutinosa) and Stiff yellow flax (Linum medium). Additionally, Upland white aster (Solidago asteroides), Fringed gentian, Kalm’s St. Johnswort, Marsh St. Johnswort, Mermaid weed, Greater arrowgrass, Slender or Lesser arrowgrass, Fen beakrush, Low calla mint and Stiff yellow flax are locally rare within Bruce county (source; EARTHQUEST Plants of Ontario database).



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Table 3 Rare flora at Oliphant

Common name Latin name MNR COSEWIC

S rank

R rank

C rank

Number of records

ELC ecosite/ vegetation

type Dates

Observed

Tuberous Indian plantain

Arnoglossum plantagineum SC SC S3 R1 C1 31 FESC1-1

22/4/2011, 31/8/2011, 31/8/2013, 1/9/2013, 23/9/2013, 24/9/2013

Upland white aster

Solidago asteroides S5 R4 C3 MAMM3-1 31/08/2013

Dwarf lake iris Iris lacustris S3 R1 C1 5

28/8/2013, 31/8/2013, 24/9/2013

Stiff yellow flax Linum medium S3 R1 C1 30

MAMM4-4, MAMM4-4a

27/8/2013, 28/8/2013, 1/9/2013, 23/9/2013

Blueleaf willow Salix myricoides S3 R1 C1 9

28/8/2013, 31/8/2013, 23/9/2013

Fringed gentian

Gentianopsis vigata S5 R3 C3

MAMM4-4, MAMM4-1, MAMM3-1

26/8/2013, 27/8/2013, 28/8/2013, 31/9/2013, 1/9/2013

Kalm's St. Johnswort

Hypericum kalmianum

S4 R2 C3


26/8/2013, 27/8/2013, 28/8/2013, 31/9/2013, 1/9/2013

Mermaid weed

Proserpinacea palustris

S4 R2 C3 MAMM4-1

26/8/2013, 27/08/2013, 1/9/2013

Greater arrowgrass

Triglochin maritimus

S5 R1 C2 MAMM4-1

26/8/2013, 27/8/2013, 31/8/2013

Slender or Lesser arrowgrass Triglochin palustre

S5 R1 C3 MAMM4-1

26/8/2013, 27/8/2013, 31/8/2013

Fen beakrush

Rynchospora capillacea

S4? R3 C1 MAMM4-1 27/08/2013

Low calla mint

Calamintha arkansana

S4S5 R1 C2 MAMM3-1 27/08/2013

Sticky false tofeldia Tofeldia glutinosa

S4? R3 C4 MAMM4-1 26/08/2013

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7.0 Fauna

7.1 Herpetofauna

Three species of reptiles and amphibians were observed (Appendix D); Eastern garter snake

(Thamnophis sirtalis), DeKay’s brown snake (Storeria dekayi) and Northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens).

Historical records of special concern Eastern ribbon snake (Thamnophis sauritis) have not been

substantiated since July 1, 1988 within NHIC 1 km2 17NH75_74 and they are believed to be extirpated

from the area. Special concern Snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina) was observed on August 12, 2008

within 1 km2 17NH75_75, which has not been confirmed by local residents, except in south OIiphant. No

Eastern Massasauga rattlesnake were observed during field investigations, but 8 historical records

dating to July 8, 1981 have been documented, primarily for the southern portion of Oliphant .

7.2 Avifauna

Historic NHIC records revealed special concern Black tern (Childonias niger) observed within 1

km2 17MK75_74 on June 14, 1991 with a recent record of provincially and federally endangered Piping

plover (Charadrius melodus) in June, 2008. Black tern was also observed in square17MK75_75 on June

14, 1991.

During field investigations the survey team observed 13 species of birds (Appendix E), including

provincially rare (S2 during breeding) Great egret (Ardea alba) within 48 meters of restoration plot #1 on

September 23, 2013. Two provincially and federally threatened Eastern meadowlark (Sturnella magna)

were observed on the same day flying into the coastal wetland between restoration plot #1 and Bay

Street (Figure 3).



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8.0 Sensitive areas

Figure 4 exhibits the sensitive and disturbed areas around Sandy Bay in the vicinity of

restoration plots #1 & 2. Although the majority of coastal wetlands at Oliphant are sensitive to

disturbance and have been damaged by encroachment the Sandy Bay area displays the issues of

disturbance more prominently. More specifically, an area of 47.9 ha has been identified as disturbed,

unclassifiable coastal wetland due to the absence of vegetation and the presence of invasive Russian

thistle on the habitat of rare flora and fauna such as Stiff yellow flax, Eastern meadowlark and Great

egret. The extent of Russian thistle was delineated to an area of 13.1 ha. This represents the area of

concentration where Russian thistle has become firmly established at Oliphant, largely introduced by

the extensive ORV network riddled across the wetland landscape. Russian thistle does not appear to be

expanding past an average of 53 meters from the ORV network on the south side into the adjacent

provincially rare Shrubby cinquefoil coastal wetland. The life cycle of Russian thistle, however, may

promote their spread into other areas of Oliphant since after seeds ripen and the plant dies wind may

break the plant at the main stem and may blow “tumble weed” fashion for large distances. Fortunately,

Russian thistle was not observed in any part of the Oliphant coastal wetlands other than Sandy Bay with

individual dead plants found 275 meters north of restoration plot #2.



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9.0 Massasaugasurveys

One of the primary purposes of field investigations was to conduct a targeted search for Eastern Massaussauga rattlesnake, their habitat and potential hibernacula. Massasauga habitat is typified as wet prairie, sedge meadows and old fields, to peatlands, bedrock barrens and coniferous forest (Rouse & Willson, 2001). No Massassauga’s were observed, but a local resident – Laurie Rosie was able to show the author the location of a dead snake that she found on July 27, 2013 (Photo log #34a & 34b) on South Oliphant Road. Under the provisions of the MNR General Habitat Description for Massasauga document any forest habitat within 1.2 km of an occurrence receive a Category 3 designation and are considered to have tolerance to site alteration. In our estimation, this tolerance to site alteration would be low, particularly in the Oliphant area where human activity is high. According to the guidance document this habitat is dependent upon for life processes including foraging and movement between gestation sites, hibernacula and other activity areas. Due to the lack of access to private property the survey team was unable to conduct full ELC work to ascertain the vegetation types. Partial ELC to community series was performed to provide generalized habitat parameters and walking the perimeter of potential habitat along public roads (Photo log #35). Subsequently, the total area of 1084.8 ha representing candidate Massasauga habitat (Figure 5) around the 1.2 buffer consists of 923.7 ha of coniferous forest (FOC), 65.1 ha of coniferous swamp (SWC) and 96 ha of open fen (FEO).

9.1 Snake hibernacula

A total of 26 candidate snake hibernacula were surveyed between August 31st and September

24th along 6 km of coastal wetland at Oliphant. These hibernacula are suitable for all snake species,

including Massasauga as well as other threatened or special concern species such as Eastern fox snake

(Elaphe gloydi), Northern ribbon snake (Thamnophis sauritus septentrionalis) and Eastern hognosed

snake (Heterodon platirhinos). Most of the hibernacula consisted of man-made berms from rocks piled

on the edge of Bay Street and Shoreline Avenue by the municipality. Snake hibernacula # 2 to 12 (SH02

– SH12; photo logs# 9 – 19, Figures 6a & 6b) and 14 to 26 (SH14 – SH26; photo logs #21 – 33, Figures

6b, 6c & 6d) were man-made berms. Only candidate snake hibernacula #1 and 13 (SH01 & SH13; photo

logs# 8 & 20, Figures 6a & 6b) appeared to be natural. Hibernacula #1 was a burrow under the rock pile

(Photo log# 9) and hibercula #13 (Photo log# 21) was a crevice in a large boulder in Shrubby cinquefoil

coastal wetland habitat. The definition of candidate snake hibernacula is a rock formation such as a

karst or rock pile with a hole, crevice, crack or burrow large enough for a snake to crawl through that

extends at least 1 m and below the frost line. It is difficult to prove how far these openings may extend

into the feature, but most appeared to go at least 1 m. Spring surveys with observations of 5 individual

snakes of the same species, or at least 2 different species present at these hibernacula would confirm

them as snake hibernacula. Snake surveys are recommended to commence in late April, or early May

when the air temperature is at least 8 degrees C on bright sunny days, between 8 am and 10 am. This

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coincides to when snakes are most likely to emerge from their hibernacula, spending a few days around

the site to warm up before moving off.

10.0 Recommendations

With the distribution of observed candidate snake hibernacula located primarily in the southern

portion of Oliphant it is not surprising that the majority of Eastern Massasauga rattlesnake sightings are

in this area. This also explains the relatively high number of snake mortalities in this area since snakes

would be crossing roads to move into forest habitats. Moreover, the extent of cSWH that Massasauga

could potentially use in south Oliphant is extensive. Unfortunately, the confirmed records of a dead

Massasauga found on July 27, 2013 by a local resident does not warrant extending the cSWH past Lonely

Island until additional records are confirmed in north Oliphant. The most suitable habitat for

Massasauga seems to be largely confined to Shrubby cinquefoil coastal wetland, which is adjacent to the

sensitive and disturbed coastal wetlands around the Sandy Bay area. Although Common reed has been

actively controlled as an invasive plant species in this area another invasive species has become

established that threatens good potential Massasauga habitat as well as the coastal wetlands.

Continued education of local residents of the dangers of unmanaged access to coastal wetlands and not

harming, injuring or interfering with Massassauga’s and their habitat is recommended to gain further

community support.



25




26


27




28




29






30


Literature Cited

Alexander, K. personal communication. 2013. Lake Huron Centre for Coastal Conservation.

Bakowsky, J. Riley, J. Bowles, M. Puddister, H. P. Uhlig, and S. McMurry. 2009. Ecological Land Classification for

Southern Ontario: Second Approximation and its Application. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, South-

central Science Section, Science Development and Transfer Branch. SCSS Field Guide FG-02.

EARTHQUEST Plants of Ontario ACCESS dabase. Accessed September, 2013

Endangered Species Act – Ontario Regulation 242/08. http://www.e-

laws.gov.on.ca/html/source/regs/english/2008/elaws_src_regs_r08242_e.htm#BK6. Accessed September,

2013

Fish and Wildlife Act. http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/html/statutes/english/elaws_statutes_97f41_e.htm. Accessed

September, 2013

Jolly, D.W. 2010. A Photo Field Guide to Ontario Species at Risk wildflowers, trees and shrubs of Ontario –

Volume 1. EARTHQUEST (Canada) for the Environment. 114 pp. ISBN# 978-0-9733169-2-6

Jolly, D.W. 2006. Plant Genera of Ontario. EARTHQUEST (Canada) for the Environment. 220 pp. ISBN# 0-

9733169-1-11

Natural Heritage Information Centre.

http://nhic.mnr.gov.on.ca/MNR/nhic/communities/comm_list_terrestrial.cfm. Accessed September, 2013

Migratory Birds Convention Act. http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/m-7.01. Accessed September, 2013

Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. 2000?. General Habitat Description for the Massasauga(Sisturus

catenatus). 7 p.

Owen Sound Field Naturalists. 2003. Annotated Checklist of Vascular Plants for Bruce and Grey Counties

Ontario. 51 p.

Rouse, J.D., and Willson, R.J., 2001. Update COSEWIC Status Report for the Eastern MassasaugaSisturus

catenatus catenatus. 23 p.

http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/html/source/regs/english/2008/elaws_src_regs_r08242_e.htm#BK6

http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/html/source/regs/english/2008/elaws_src_regs_r08242_e.htm#BK6

http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/html/statutes/english/elaws_statutes_97f41_e.htm

http://nhic.mnr.gov.on.ca/MNR/nhic/communities/comm_list_terrestrial.cfm

http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/m-7.01/

31




Species at Risk Act - federal. http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/S-15.3/page-1.html. Accessed September,

2013

Species at Risk Public Registry. http://www.sararegistry.gc.ca/species/speciesDetails_e.cfm?sid=793.

Accessed September, 2013

Species at Risk Public Registry. http://www.sararegistry.gc.ca/species/schedules_e.cfm?id=2. Accessed September,

2013

Service Ontario – Public Lands Act. http://www.e-

laws.gov.on.ca/html/statutes/english/elaws_statutes_90p43_e.htm. Accessed September, 2013

Service Ontario – Ontario Regulation 453/96. http://www.e-

laws.gov.on.ca/html/regs/english/elaws_regs_960453_e.htm. Accessed September, 2013

http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/S-15.3/page-1.html

http://www.sararegistry.gc.ca/species/speciesDetails_e.cfm?sid=793

http://www.sararegistry.gc.ca/species/schedules_e.cfm?id=2

http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/html/statutes/english/elaws_statutes_90p43_e.htm

http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/html/statutes/english/elaws_statutes_90p43_e.htm

http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/html/regs/english/elaws_regs_960453_e.htm

http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/html/regs/english/elaws_regs_960453_e.htm

32




Appendix A

Photo logs

Photo #1

Oliphant

August 28, 2013

MAMM3-1

Mixed Mineral

Meadow Marsh

type

33




Photo #2

Oliphant

August 28, 2013

MAMM4-1

Gramnoid

Coastal Meadow

Marsh type

34




Photo #3

Oliphant

August 28, 2013

MAMM4-4

Twig rush

Coastal Meadow

Marsh type

35




Photo #4a

Oliphant

August 28, 2013

Stiff yellow flax

population –

inclusion

MAMM4-4a

within MAMM4-

4

36




Photo #4b

Oliphant

August 27, 2013

Stiff yellow flax

(Linum medium)

within MAMM4-4

37




Photo #5

Oliphant

August 28, 2013

Disturbed

coastal wetland

Sandy Bay

38




Photo #6

Oliphant

August 27, 2013

DeKay’s Brown

snake (Storeria

dekayi)

Within MAMM4-1

39




Photo #7

Oliphant

August 27, 2013

Eastern

Massasaugarattl

esnake (Sisurus

catenatus)

habitat

Within MAMM4-2

Shrubby

cinquefoil

Coastal Meadow

Marsh Type

40




Photo #8

Oliphant

August 31, 2013

Eastern

Massasaugarattl

esnake (Sisurus

catenatus)

Hibernacula #1

(SH1) - natural

Within MAMM4-2

Shrubby

cinquefoil

Coastal Meadow

Marsh Type near

South Oliphant

Road

41




Photo #9

Oliphant

August 31, 2013

Eastern

Massasaugarattl

esnake (Sisurus

catenatus)

Hibernacula #2

(SH2) - natural

near South

Oliphant Road

42




Photo #10

Oliphant

August 31, 2013

Eastern

Massasaugarattl

esnake (Sisurus

catenatus)

Hibernacula #3

(SH3) – man

made

on Bay Street

43




Photo #11

Oliphant

August 31, 2013

Eastern

Massasaugarattl

esnake (Sisurus

catenatus)

Hibernacula #4

(SH4) – man

made

on Bay Street

44




Photo #12

Oliphant

August 31, 2013

Eastern

Massasaugarattl

esnake (Sisurus

catenatus)

Hibernacula #5

(SH5) – man

made

on Bay Street

45




Photo #13

Oliphant

September 1,

2013

Eastern

Massasaugarattl

esnake (Sisurus

catenatus)

Hibernacula #6

(SH6) – man

made

on Bay Street

46




Photo #14

Oliphant

September 1,

2013

Eastern

Massasaugarattl

esnake (Sisurus

catenatus)

Hibernacula #7

(SH7) – man

made

on Bay Street

47




Photo #15

Oliphant

September 1,

2013

Eastern

Massasaugarattl

esnake (Sisurus

catenatus)

Hibernacula #8

(SH8) – man

made

on Bay Street

48




Photo #16

Oliphant

September 1,

2013

Eastern

Massasaugarattl

esnake (Sisurus

catenatus)

Hibernacula #9

(SH9) – man

made under a

rock garden

on Bay Street

49




Photo #17

Pinehurst Lake

September 1,

2013

Eastern

Massasaugarattl

esnake (Sisurus

catenatus)

Hibernacula #10

(SH10) – man

made

on Bay Street

50




Photo #18

Oliphant

September 1,

2013

Eastern

Massasaugarattl

esnake (Sisurus

catenatus)

Hibernacula #11

(SH11) – man

made

on Bay Street

51




Photo #19

Oliphant

September 24,

2013

Eastern

Massasaugarattl

esnake (Sisurus

catenatus)

Hibernacula #12

(SH12) – natural

Bay Street

52




Photo #20

Oliphant

September 1,

2013

Eastern

Massasaugarattl

esnake (Sisurus

catenatus)

Hibernacula #13

(SH13) – natural

At end of

Rutherford Point-

South Road

within Shrubby

cinquefoil

Coastal Meadow

Marsh Type

(MAMM4-2)

53




Photo #21

Oliphant

September 1,

2013

Eastern

Massasaugarattl

esnake (Sisurus

catenatus)

Hibernacula #14

(SH14) – man

made

On Rutherford

Point-South Road

54




Photo #22

Oliphant

September 1,

2013

Eastern

Massasaugarattl

esnake (Sisurus

catenatus)

Hibernacula #15

(SH15) – man

made

On Rutherford

Point-South Road

55




Photo #23

Oliphant

September 1,

2013

Eastern

Massasaugarattl

esnake (Sisurus

catenatus)

Hibernacula #16

(SH16) – man

made

On Rutherford

Point-South Road

56




Photo #24

Oliphant

September 1,

2013

Eastern

Massasaugarattl

esnake (Sisurus

catenatus)

Hibernacula #17

(SH17) – man

made

On Rutherford

Point-South Road

57




Photo #25

Oliphant

September 1,

2013

Eastern

Massasaugarattl

esnake (Sisurus

catenatus)

Hibernacula #18

(SH18) – man

made

On Rutherford

Point-South Road

58




Photo #26

Oliphant

September 1,

2013

Eastern

Massasaugarattl

esnake (Sisurus

catenatus)

Hibernacula #19

(SH19) – man

made

On Rutherford

Point-South Road

59




Photo #27

Oliphant

September 1,

2013

Eastern

Massasaugarattl

esnake (Sisurus

catenatus)

Hibernacula #20

(SH20) – man

made

On Bay Street

60




Photo #28

Oliphant

September 1,

2013

Eastern

Massasaugarattl

esnake (Sisurus

catenatus)

Hibernacula #21

(SH21) – man

made

On Bay Street

61




Photo #29

Oliphant

September 1,

2013

Eastern

Massasaugarattl

esnake (Sisurus

catenatus)

Hibernacula #22

(SH22) – man

made

On Bay Street

62




Photo #30

Oliphant

September 1,

2013

Eastern

Massasaugarattl

esnake (Sisurus

catenatus)

Hibernacula #23

(SH23) – man

made

On Bay Street

63




Photo #31

Oliphant

September 24,

2013

Eastern

Massasaugarattl

esnake (Sisurus

catenatus)

Hibernacula #24

(SH24) – man

made

On Bay Street

64




Photo #32

Oliphant

September 24,

2013

Eastern

Massasaugarattl

esnake (Sisurus

catenatus)

Hibernacula #25

(SH25) – man

made

On Bay Street

65




Photo #33

Oliphant

September 24,

2013

Eastern

Massasaugarattl

esnake (Sisurus

catenatus)

Hibernacula #26

(SH26) – man

made

On Shoreline

Avenue

66




Photo #34a

Oliphant

July 27, 2013

Dead Eastern

Massasaugarattl

esnake (Sisurus

catenatus)

Photo by

permission from

Laurie Rosie

On Oliphant Road

South

67




Photo #34b

Oliphant

July 27, 2013

Dead Eastern

Massasaugarattl

esnake (Sisurus

catenatus) tail

Photo by

permission from

Laurie Rosie

On Oliphant Road

South

68




Photo #35

Oliphant

September 24,

2013

Coniferous

swamp (SWC) –

candidate

Eastern

Massasaugarattl

esnake

Significant

Wildlife Habitat

On Unassumed

Road

69




Appendix B

SAR and provincially rare records of Flora and Fauna for Oliphant (1 km x 1 km square 17MK75_74)

Scientific name Common

name S rank COSEWIC MNR Last

observed Extirpated

Shrubby

Cinquefoil

Coastal Meadow

Marsh Type

Shrubby

Cinquefoil

Coastal

Meadow

Marsh Type

S1 1984-07-25 N

Graminoid

Coastal Meadow

Marsh Type

Graminoid

Coastal

Meadow

Marsh Type

S2 2002-08-01 N

Sensitive

Species

Sensitive

Species 1975 N

Spiranthes

magnicamporum

Great Plains

Ladies'-

tresses

S3? 1975-09-28 N

Linum medium

var. medium

Stiff Yellow

Flax

S3? 1984-05-01 N

Arnoglossum

plantagineum

Tuberous

Indian-

plantain

S3 SC SC 1997-05-23 N

Buteo lineatus Red-

shouldered

Hawk

S4B NAR NAR 1985 N

Charadrius

melodus

Piping Plover S1B END END 2008-06 Y

Chlidonias niger Black Tern S3B NAR SC 1991-06-14 N

Eleocharis

rostellata

Beaked

Spike-rush

S3 1988-07-01 N

Chelydra Snapping S3 SC SC 2008-08-12 N

70




serpentina Turtle

Thamnophis

sauritus

Eastern

Ribbonsnake

S3 SC SC 1988-07-01 N

Nannothemis

bella

Elfin Skimmer S4 1978-06-25 N

Cypripedium

arietinum

Ram's-head

Lady's-slipper

S3 1984-PRE N

Iris lacustris Dwarf Lake

Iris

S3 SC THR 1874 N

Iris lacustris Dwarf Lake

Iris

S3 SC THR 2003-05 N

Scleria

verticillata

Low Nutrush S3 1984-05-01 N

Eleocharis

rostellata

Beaked

Spike-rush

S3 N

Eleocharis

rostellata

Beaked

Spike-rush

S3 1926-08-13 N

Sagittaria cristata

Crested Arrowhead

S3 1975-07-29 N

Scleria verticillata


Cypripedium arietinum

Ram's-head Lady's-slipper

S3 1991-PRE N

71





Scientific name Common

name S rank COSEWIC MNR Last

observed Extirpated

Sensitive Species

Sensitive Species

1975

N

Arnoglossum plantagineum

Tuberous Indian-plantain

S3 SC SC 2006-08-22

N

Nannothemis bella

Elfin Skimmer S4 1978-06-25 N



S3 SC SC 1997-05-23

N

Linum medium var. medium

Stiff Yellow Flax

S3? 1984-05-01 N

Spiranthes magnicamporum

Great Plains Ladies'-tresses

S3? 1975-09-28

N



S3 1991-PRE

N

Iris lacustris Dwarf Lake Iris

S3 SC THR 2003-05

N



Eleocharis rostellata

Beaked Spike-rush

S3 1926-08-13 N

Sagittaria cristata

Crested Arrowhead

S3 1975-07-29 N


Beaked Spike-rush

S3 1988-07-01 N


Beaked Spike-rush

S3 N



S3 1984-PRE

N

Buteo lineatus Red-shouldered Hawk

S4B NAR NAR 1985

N

Sensitive Species

Sensitive Species

1975 N



S3 1984-PRE N


Stiff Yellow Flax

S3? 1984-05-01

N

72




Nannothemis bella

Elfin Skimmer S4 1978-06-25

N

Chelydra serpentina

Snapping Turtle

S3 SC SC 2008-08-12

N


S4B NAR NAR 1985 N


Stiff Yellow Flax

S3? 1984-05-01

N


Stiff Yellow Flax

S3? 1984-05-01

N



S3? 1975-09-28

N


Beaked Spike-rush

S3 N


Beaked Spike-rush

S3 1988-07-01

N

Chlidonias niger Black Tern S3B NAR SC 1991-06-14

N


Beaked Spike-rush

S3 1926-08-13

N

Sagittaria cristata

Crested Arrowhead

S3 1975-07-29

N


Low Nutrush S3 1947-09-01

N



N

Iris lacustris Dwarf Lake Iris

S3 SC THR 1874 N



S3 1991-PRE N

73





Scientific name Common name S rank COSEWIC MNR Last

observed Extirpated

Sensitive Species

Sensitive Species

1975 N



N

Nannothemis bella

Elfin Skimmer S4 1978-06-25

N


S4B NAR NAR 1985 N



S3 SC SC 1997-05-23

N



S3 SC SC 2006-08-22

N



S3? 1975-09-28

N



S3 1991-PRE N

Iris lacustris Dwarf Lake Iris S3 SC THR 2003-05 N


Beaked Spike-rush

S3 1988-07-01

N


Beaked Spike-rush

S3 N

Sagittaria cristata

Crested Arrowhead

S3 1926-08-13

N

Asplenium scolopendrium var. americanum

Hart's-tongue Fern

S3 1975-07-29

N



S3 SC SC 1919-09 Y

Sagittaria cristata

Crested Arrowhead

S3 1984-PRE N



74


Appendix C Vascular Plant Species List – Oliphant Restoration areas

Family name Species name Status Ecology


Regional (Ecoregion

6E)

Local (Bruce

county)

ELC Vegetation

type

Population estimate

within vegetation

types Comments

Asclepiadaceae/ Milkweed Asclepias/Swamp milkweed GNR SNA R5 C5 MAMM4-4 7

Recommended for broad cast seeding

Balsaminaceae/Touch-me-not

Impatiens capensis/Spotted touch-me-not G5 S5 R5 C5 MAMM4-4

Campanulaceae/ Bellflower Lobelia kalmii/Brook or Kalm's

lobelia G5 S5 R4 C5 MAMM4-4


Chenopodiaceae/ Goosefoot

Salsola kali var kali/Russian thistle GNRTNR SE5 RE2 MAMM4-4 1

Entering vegetation community from vehicular traffic


Ambrosia artemisiifolia/Common ragweed G5 S5 R5 C5 MAMM4-4

Arnoglossum plantagineum S3? R1 C1 5

Artemissia campestris spp caudata/Beach wormwood G5T5 S5 R5 C5 MAMM4-4


MAMM4-1, MAMM3-1, MAMM4-4 ?

75




Centarea juncea/Brown knapweed G5 SE5 RE5 CE5 MAMM3-1

Cichorium intybus/Chicory G? SE5 RE5 CE5 MAMM3-1

Eupatorium perferatum/Boneset G5 S5 R5 C5 MAMM4-1

Eupatorium maculatum/Spotted joe pyeweed G5TNR S5 R5 C5 MAMM3-1

Euthamia gramnifolia/Grass leaved goldenrod G5 S5 R5 C5



Helenium autumnale/Sneezeweed G5 S5 R5 C4

MAMM4-1, MAMM3-1


Solidago asteroides/Upland white aster G5 S5 R4 C3 MAMM3-1

Solidago canadensis/Canada goldenrod G5 S5 R5 C5 MAMM3-1


MAMM4-1, MAMM3-1, MAMM4-4 30+


Solidago gigantae/Tall goldenrod G5 S5 R5 C5 20

Solidago uliginosa/Bog goldenrod G5 S5 R4 C4

MAMM4-1, MAMM3-1

Cornaceae/Dogwood Cornus obliqua/Silky dogwood G5 S5 R5 C4 MAMM3-1

Cruciferae/Mustard

Diplotaxis tenuifolia/Narrow leaved wall rocket GNR SNA RE5 CE5

MAMM4-1, MAMM3-1

Erucastrum gallicum/Dog mustard G5 SNA RE5 CE5

MAMM4-1, MAMM3-1

Cupressaceae/Cedar

Thuja occidentalis/Eastern white cedar

G5 S5 R5 C5

MAMM4-1, MAMM3-1, MAMM4-4 5

Cyperaceae/Sedge Carex viridula/Greenish sedge G5 S5 R5 C5

MAMM4-1, MAMM3-1

76




Eleocharis elliptica/Elliptic spike rush G5 S5 R5 C5 MAMM4-1

Scirpus americana/Three square G5 S5 R5 C5

MAMM4-1, MAMM3-1


Scirpus effusus/Soft rush G5 S5 R5 C5 MAMM3-1

Rynchospora capillacea/Fen beakrush G4 S4? R3 C1

MAMM4-1, MAMM3-1

Equisetaceae/Horsetail Equisetum variegatum/Variegated horsetail G5 S5 R5 C4 MAMM3-1

Gentianaceae/Gentian Gentianopsis vigata/Fringed gentian G? S5 R3 C3

MAMM4-1, MAMM3-1


Gramineae/Grass

Agrostis scabra/Tickle grass G5 S5 R5 C5 MAMM4-1

Panicum virgatum/Switch grass G5T? S5 R5 C5 MAMM3-1

Phalaris arundinacea/Reed canary grass G5 S5 R5 C5 MAMM4-1

Phragmites australis/Common reed G? SE5 RE5 CE5


More spraying required to control spread

Sorghastrum nutans/Indian grass G5 S5 R5 C5 MAMM3-1

Guttiferae/St. Johnswort

Hypericum kalmii/Kalm's St. Johnswort G4 S4 R2 C3 MAMM3-1

Triadenum fraseri/Marsh St. Johnswort G5 S5 R3 C3 MAMM4-1

Haloragaceae/Water milfoil

Proserpinaca palustris/Mermaid weed G5 S4 R2 C3 MAMM4-1

Juncaginaceae/ Arrowgrass

Triglochin maritimus/Greater arrowgrass G5 S5 R1 C2 MAMM4-1

77




Triglochin palustre/Slender or Lesser arrowgrass G5 S5 R1 C3 MAMM3-1

Juncaceae/Rush

Cladium mariscoides/Twig rush G5 S5 R5 C5 MAMM4-1, MAMM3-1


Juncus alpinoarticulatus/Alpine or Richardson rush G5 S5 R5 C5 MAMM4-1


Juncus balticus/Baltic rush G5 S5 R5 C5 MAMM4-1, MAMM3-1



MAMM4-1, MAMM3-1


Juncus nodosus/Knotted rush G5 S5 R5 C5 MAMM4-1

Labiatae/Mint

Calamintha arkansana/Low calla mint G5 S4S5 R1 C2 MAMM3-1

Lycopus americanus/Cut-leaved water horehound G5 S5 R5 C5

MAMM3-1, MAMM4-1


Mentha aquatica/Field mint G? SE4 RE3 CE2 MAMM3-1

Prunella vulgaris/Heall all G5 SE5 RE5 CE5 MAMM3-1

Leguminosae/Bean/Pea/ Legume

Lotus corniculatus/Birdfoot trefoil G5 SE5 RE5 CE5 MAMM3-1

Viccia cracca/Purple cow vetch G5 SE5 RE5 CE5 MAMM3-1

Liliaceae/Lily Tofeldia glutinosa/Sticky false tofeldia G5 S4? R3 C4

MAMM4-4, MAMM3-1


Linaceae/Flax Linum medium/Stiff yellow flax G5T3T4 S3? R1 C1 MAMM4-4

89 stems per 1 m x 1 m

14 records for project

78




Lythraceae/Loosestrife

Lysimachia quadriflora/Prairie loosestrife G5? S4 R4 C4 MAMM3-1

Lythra salicaria/Purple loosestrife G5 SNA RE5 CE5 MAMM4-4

Onagraceae/Evening Primrose

Epilobium ciliatum/Hairy willowherb G5 S5 R5 C5 MAMM3-1

Oenothera biennis x parviflora/Common x Small G? S5 R5 C5 MAMM3-1

Orchidaceae/Orchid

Spiranthes romanzoffiana/Hooded ladies tresses G5 S5 R5 C5


Primulaceae/Primrose Primula mistassinacea/Bird's eye primrose G5 S5 R5 C5

MAMM4-1, MAMM3-1

Ranunculaceae/ Buttercup

Thalictrum dioicum/Early meadow rue G5 S5 R5 C5 MAMM3-1

Rosaceae/Rose

Potentilla anserina/Silverweed G5 S5 R5 C5 MAMM4-4

Dasiphora fruticosa ssp. floribunda/Shrubby cinquefoil G5T5 S5 R5 C5

MAMM4-4, MAMM3-1


Rubiaceae/Madder/ Bedstraw

Gallium palustre/Marsh bedstraw G5 S5 R5 C5 MAMM3-1

Saxifragaceae/Saxifrage Parnassus glauca/Grass of parnassus G5 S5 R5 C5 MAMM4-4


Saliaceae/Willow

Populus balsamifera/Balsam poplar G5 S5 R5 C5 MAMM3-1

Salix eriocephalus/Heart-leaved willow G5 S5 R5 C5 MAMM3-1

Scrophulariaceae/ Figwort Agalinis paupercula/Slender

gerardia or Purple agalinis G5 S5 R5 C5 MAMM4-4, MAMM3-1


79




Veronica anagallis-aquatica/Water speedwell G5 SNA RE4 CE5 MAMM3-1

Solanaceae/Tomatoe/ Nightshade Solanum dulcamara/Climbing

bittersweet GNR SNA RE5 CE5 MAMM3-1, MAMM4-4

Umbelliferae/Carrot/ Parsley Cicuta maculata/Water parsnip G5 S5 R5 C5 MAMM4-4

Global ranks MNR/NHIC ranks

G5 = globally very common with > 1000 records, occurrences or populations S5, SE5 (Introduced) = provincially very common with > 1000 records, occurrences or populations within Ontario

G5T5 = globally common with 101 – 1000 records, occurrences or populations S4, SE4 (Introduced) = provincially common with 101 – 1000 records, occurrences or populations within Ontario

G4 = globally common with 101 – 1000 records, occurrences or populations S3 = provincially rare with 21 – 100 records, occurrences or populations within Ontario

GNR = globally not at risk S2 = provincially very rare with 6 – 20 records, occurrences or populations within Ontario

G? = global status unknown S1 = provincially extremely rare with 1 – 5 records, occurrences or populations within Ontario

SNA = provincially not at risk

Regional ranks (Source: EARTHQUEST Plants of Ontario database, 2013) County Ranks (Source: EARTHQUEST Plants of Ontario database, 2013)

R-rank (County rank) - A rank assigned by EARTHQUEST to a species, vegetation community, or habitat patch C-rank (County rank) - A rank assigned by EARTHQUEST to a species, vegetation community, or habitat patch

which describes its status in the ecoregion. Species of conservation concern, according to the EARTHQUEST which describes its status in the county. Species of conservation concern, according to the EARTHQUEST methodology are any species with a local rank of C1 to C3. C1 – locally

methodology are any species with a local rank of R1 to R3. R1 – regionally extremely rare; R2 – regionally very rare; extremely rare; C2 – locally very rare; C3 – locally rare (from EARTHQUEST Plants of Ontario database)

R3 – regionally rare (from EARTHQUEST Plants of Ontario database)

R5, RE5 (Introduced) = Very common within Ecoregions 6E or 7E with > 1000 records, occurrences or populations C5, CE5 (Introduced) = Very common with > 1000 records, occurrences or populations within the county

R4, RE4 (Introduced) = Common within Ecoregions 6E or 7E with 101 – 1000 records, occurrences or populations C4, CE4 (Introduced) = Common with 101 – 1000 records, occurrences or populations within the county

R3, RE3 (Introduced) = Rare within Ecoregions 6E or 7E with 21 – 100 records, occurrences or populations C3, CE3 (Introdcued) = Rare with 21 - 100 records, occurrences or populations within the county

R2 = Very rare within Ecoregions 6E or 7E with 6 - 20 records, occurrences or populations C2, CE2 (Introduced) = Very rare with 6 - 20 records, occurrences or populations within the county

R1 = Extremely rare within Ecoregions 6E or 7E with 1 – 5 records, occurrences or populations C1 – Extremely rare with 1 – 5 records, occurrences or populations within the county



80


Appendix D

Reptile Species List

Family name Species name Status Ecology Date Observer


ELC vegetation type/Snake hibernacula

(SH)

Colubridae/Snake

Storeria dekayi/DeKay's brown snake G5 NAR NAR S5 MAMM4-1

27/8/2013, 23/09/2013 DJ, BA

Thamnophis sirtalis/Eastern garter snake G5T5 S4?

MAMM4-2, SH15

26/9/2013, 27/9/2013, 23/9/2013 DJ

Ranidae/True frog Rana pipiens/Northern leopard frog G5 NAR NAR S5


23/09/2013 DJ

Global ranks

G5 = globally very common with > 1000 records, occurrences or populations

MNR/NHIC/COSEWIC ranks

S5 = provincially very common with > 1000 records, occurrences or populations within Ontario

S4 = provincially common with 21 – 1000 records, occurrences or populations within Ontario

NAR = not at risk

81




Appendix E

Bird Species List

Family name Species name Status Ecology Date


ELC vegetation type/Snake hibernacul

a (SH)

Ardeaidae/Heron

Adrea alba/Great egret G5 S2B

Flew adjacent to MAMM4-4 & MAMM4-4a within 24 m 23/09/2013

Cathartidae/Vulture

Cathartes aura/Turkey vulture G5 S5B

26/8/2013, 27/8/2013

Columbidae/Dove Zenaida macroura/Mourning dove G5 S5 23/09/2013

Corvidae/Crow & Jay

Corvus brachyrhynchos/American crow G5 S5B

26/8/2013, 27/8/2013, 23/9/2013

Corvus corax/Common raven G5 S5

27/08/2013

Emberizidae/Sparrow Spizella melodia/Song sparrow G5 S5B

24/09/2013

Pooecetes gramineus/Vesper sparrow G5 S4B

MAMM3-1

24/09/2013

Icteridae/Blackbird Sternella magna/Eastern meadowlark G5 THR THR S4B

23/09/2013

82




Laridae/Gull & Tern

Larus argentatus/Herring gull G5 S5B, S5N

28/08/2013

Larus delawarensis/Ring billed gull G5 S5B, S4N

26/8/2013, 27/8/2013, 28/8/2013, 31/8/2013, 1/9/2013, 23/9/2013, 24/9/2013

Pandionidae/Osprey Pandion halieatus/Osprey G5 S5B

27/08/2013

Scolopacidae/Shorebird

Gallinago delicata/Wilson's snipe G5 S5B

MAMM4-1

27/08/2013

Turdidae/Thrush Turdus migratorius/American robin G5 S5B

23/09/2013

83




Appendix F

ELC Field data sheets; rapid assessment

MAMM3-1

ELC SITE: Oliphant

POLYGON: MAMM3-1

PLANT DATE: August 27, 2013

SPECIES LIST SURVEYORS: DJ, KA LAYERS: 1 = CANOPY 2 = SUB-CANOPY 3 = UNDERSTORY 4 = GROUND (GRD.) LAYER

ABUNDANCE CODES: R = RARE O = OCCASIONAL A = ABUNDANT D = DOMINANT

SPECIES LAYER COL.

SPECIES LAYER COL.

CODE 1 2 3 4

CODE 1 2 3 4

JUNARTI D

PANVIRG O

SOLOHIO O

LYSQUAD

R

EUPPERF R

VERANAG

R

EUTGRAM R

MENAQUA R

PHAAUST R

THUOCCI R

ASCINCA R

DASFRUT R

EUPMACU R

COROBLI R

SORNUTA R

JUNCANA R

LYCAMER R

CLAMARI R

SPIROMA R

JUNBALT R

POTANSE O

CALMARI

R

CALARKA

R

LOBKALM

R

CARVIRI

R

EQUVARI

R

84




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85




ELC SITE: Oliphant

POLYGON: MAMM3-1 STAND DATE: August 27, 2013 CHARACTERISTICS SURVEYORS: DJ, KA TREE TALLY BY SPECIES:

PRISM FACTOR 2x SPECIES TALLY 1 TALLY 2 TALLY 3 TALLY 4 TOTAL REL. AVG.

TOTAL BASAL AREA (BA) DEAD

STAND COMPOSITION:

COMMUNITY PROFILE DIAGRAM:

90 H (m) 60 30 100 m

Notes: Ground cover contains pockets Sphagnum moss with greater plant diversity

86




Distance (m)

ELC SITE: Oliphant

POLYGON: MAMM3-1

SOILS ONTARIO DATE: September 23, 2013

SURVEYORS: DJ

SLOPE: UTM

P/A PP Dr Position Aspect % Type Class Z EASTING NORTHING

1 A 2 1 6 270 1% S 2 17 477916 4955155

2

3

4

5

SOIL 1 2 3 4 5 TEXTURE X

HORIZON

A TEXTURE N/A

COURSE FRAGMENTS

B TEXTURE N/A

COURSE FRAGMENTS

C TEXTURE fS

COURSE FRAGMENTS

EFFECTIVE TEXTURE fS

SURFACE STONINESS 0

SURFACE ROCKINESS 0

DEPTH TO/OF

MOTTLES None

GLEY None

BEDROCK 0 cm

WATER TABLE > 120 cm

87




CARBONATES 0 cm

ORGANICS N/A

PORE SIZE DISC #1 N/A


MOISTURE REGIME

SOIL SURVEY MAP

LEGEND CLASS

88




ELC SITE: Oliphant

POLYGON: MAMM3-1

DATE: August 27, 2013

WILDLIFE SURVEYORS: DJ, KA

START TIME: 0915 END TIME: 1600

TEMP (ºC): 25 CLOUD (10th): 8/10 WIND: 1 PRECIPITATION: NIL

CONDITIONS: mild, partially sunny

POTENTIAL WILDLIFE HABITAT:

VERNAL POOLS

SNAGS

HIBERNACULA

FALLEN LOGS

SPECIES LIST:

TY SP. CODE EV NOTES #


B WISN OB 2

B CATE OB 1

H N. leopard frog OB 3

FAUNAL TYPE CODES (TY):

B = BIRD M = MAMMAL H = HERPETOFAUNA L = LEPIDOPTERA F = FISH O = OTHER

EVIDENCE CODES (EV): BREEDING BIRD - POSSIBLE:

SH = SUITABLE HABITAT

SM = SINGING MALE

BREEDING BIRD - PROBABLE:

T = TERRITORY

D = DISPLAY

P = PAIR

A = ANXIETY BEHAVIOUR

N = NEST BUILDING

V = VISITING NEST

BREEDING BIRD - CONFIRMED:

DD = DISTRACTION

NU = USED NEST FY = FLEDGED YOUNG

NE = EGGS

NY = YOUNG FS = FOOD/FECAL SACK

AE = NEST ENTRY

OTHER WILDLIFE EVIDENCE:

OB = OBSERVED

VO = VOCALIZATION

CA = CARCASS

DP = DISTINCTIVE PARTS

HO = HOUSE/DEN

FY = EGGS/YOUNG

TK = TRACKS

FE = FEEDING EVIDENCE

SC = SCAT

89




SI = OTHER SIGNS (specify)

Page _1__ of _1__

90




ELC SITE: Oliphant POLYGON: MAMM3-1

COMMUNITY SURVEYORS: DJ, KA DATE: August 27, 2013

TIME: start 0915

DESCRIPTION & end 1000

CLASSIFICATION UTMZ:17 UTME: 477916 UTMN: 4955155

POLYGON DESCRIPTION: TOPOGRAPHIC PLANT

SYSTEM SUBSTRATE FEATURE HISTORY FORM COMMUNITY

Terrestrial Organic Lacustrine Natural Plakton Lake

Wetland Mineral Soil Riverine Cultural Submerged Pond

Aquatic Parent Mat'l Bottomland Floating-LVD River

Acidic Bedrock Terrace Graminoid Stream

Basic Bedrock Valley Slope Forb Marsh

Carb. Bedrock Tableland Lichen Swamp

Roll Upland Bryophyte Fen

Cliff Deciduous Bog

Talus Coniferous Barren

Crevice/Cave Mixed Meadow

SITE: Alvar Prairie

RocklandCOVER:

Thicket

Open Water Beach/Bar Savannah

Shallow Water Sand Dune Open Woodland

Surficial Dep Bluff Shrub Forest

Bedrock Treed Plantation

STAND DESCRIPTION: SPECIES IN ORDER OF DECREASING DOMINANCE (up to 4 sp)

LAYER HT CVR (>> Much greater than; > Greater than; = About equal to)

1 Canopy

2 Sub-Canopy

3 Understory

4 Grd. Layer

HT CODES: 1= >= 25m; 2= 10 - <25m; 3= 2 - <10m; 4= 1 - <2m; 5= 0.5 - <1m; 6= 0.2 - <0.5m; 7= <0.2m

CVR CODES: 0 = None; 1 = >0 - 10%; 2 = >10 - 25%; 3 = >25 - 50%; 4 = >50%

STAND COMPOSITION: N/A BA: N/A

SIZE CLASS ANALYSIS:

< 10

10 - 24

25 - 50

> 50

STANDING SNAGS:

< 10

10 - 24

25 - 50

> 50

DEADFALL / LOGS:

< 10

10 - 24

25 - 50

> 50

ABUNDANCE CODES: N = NONE R = RARE O = OCCASIONAL A = ABUNDANT

COMMUNITY AGE:

X PIONEER

YOUNG

MID-AGE

OLD GRWTH

SOIL ANALYSIS:

91




TEXTURE: DEPTH TO MOTTLES/GLEY: g = N/A G = N/A

MOISTURE:

DEPTH OF ORGANICS: N/A (cm)

HOMOGENOUS DEPTH TO BEDROCK: 0 (cm)

COMMUNITY CLASSIFICATION: ELC CODE

COMMUNITY CLASS: Meadow MA

COMMUNITY SERIES: Meadow marsh MAM

ECOSITE: Mixed Mineral Meadow Marsh Ecosite MAMM3

VEGETATION TYPE: Mixed Mineral Meadow Marsh Type MAMM3-1

INCLUSION:

COMPLEX: Notes: Upland community

92




MAMM4-4

ELC SITE: Oliphant

POLYGON: MAMM4-4


SPECIES LIST SURVEYORS: DJ, KA LAYERS: 1 = CANOPY 2 = SUB-CANOPY 3 = UNDERSTORY 4 = GROUND (GRD.) LAYER


SPECIES LAYER COL.

SPECIES LAYER COL.

CODE 1 2 3 4

CODE 1 2 3 4

PHRAUST R

CLAMARI O

SOLOHIO R

JUNCANA R

AGRSCAB D

PANVIRG R

HELAUTU

R

LOBKALM

R

SALKALI R GENVIGA

R

POTANSE R

LINMEDI O

SPIRAMO R

DIPTENU R

JUNBALT R

93




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94




ELC SITE: Oliphant

POLYGON: MAMM4-4 STAND DATE: August 28, 2013 CHARACTERISTICS SURVEYORS: DJ, KA TREE TALLY BY SPECIES:

PRISM FACTOR 2x SPECIES TALLY 1 TALLY 2 TALLY 3 TALLY 4 TOTAL REL. AVG.

TOTAL BASAL AREA (BA) DEAD

STAND COMPOSITION:


90 H (m) 60 30 100 m

Notes: Polygon is a rare vegetation community due to presence of Stiff yellow flax

Distance (m)

95




ELC SITE: Oliphant

POLYGON: MAMM4-4


SURVEYORS: DJ

SLOPE: UTM


1 A 2 4 3 280 1% S 2 17 476702 4954019

2

3

4

5


HORIZON

A TEXTURE N/A

COURSE FRAGMENTS

B TEXTURE N/A

COURSE FRAGMENTS

C TEXTURE fS

COURSE FRAGMENTS


SURFACE STONINESS 0

SURFACE ROCKINESS 0

DEPTH TO/OF

MOTTLES 22 cm

GLEY None

BEDROCK 27 cm

WATER TABLE 1 cm

CARBONATES 22 cm

96




ORGANICS N/A



MOISTURE REGIME 5

SOIL SURVEY MAP

LEGEND CLASS

97




ELC SITE: Oliphant

POLYGON: MAMM4-4


WILDLIFE SURVEYORS: DJ, KA



CONDITIONS: warm, partially cloudy


VERNAL POOLS

SNAGS

HIBERNACULA

FALLEN LOGS

SPECIES LIST:



B RBGU OB 1

B OSPR VO 1

H N. leopard frog OB

1



EVIDENCE CODES (EV):

BREEDING BIRD - POSSIBLE:


SM = SINGING MALE


T = TERRITORY

D = DISPLAY

P = PAIR


N = NEST BUILDING

V = VISITING NEST


DD = DISTRACTION


NE = EGGS


AE = NEST ENTRY


98




OB = OBSERVED

VO = VOCALIZATION

CA = CARCASS


HO = HOUSE/DEN

FY = EGGS/YOUNG

TK = TRACKS


SC = SCAT


Page _1__ of __1_

99





COMMUNITY SURVEYORS: DJ, KA DATE: 28/8/2013

TIME: start 1300


CLASSIFICATION UTMZ: 17 UTME:476702 UTMN: 4954019










Cliff Deciduous Bog



SITE: Alvar Prairie

RocklandCOVER:

Thicket





STAND DESCRIPTION:

SPECIES IN ORDER OF DECREASING DOMINANCE (up to 4 sp)


1 Canopy

2 Sub-Canopy 3 Understory 4 Grd. Layer

HT CODES: 1= >= 25m; 2= 10 - <25m; 3= 2 - <10m; 4= 1 - <2m; 5= 0.5 - <1m; 6= 0.2 - <0.5m; 7= <0.2m

CVR CODES: 0 = None; 1 = >0 - 10%; 2 = >10 - 25%; 3 = >25 - 50%; 4 = >50%

STAND COMPOSITION: BA:


< 10

10 - 24

25 - 50

> 50

STANDING SNAGS:

< 10

10 - 24

25 - 50

> 50

DEADFALL / LOGS:

100




< 10

10 - 24

25 - 50

> 50


COMMUNITY AGE:

x PIONEER

YOUNG

MID-AGE

OLD GRWTH

SOIL ANALYSIS: TEXTURE: fS DEPTH TO MOTTLES/GLEY: g = 27 G = N/A

MOISTURE: 5 DEPTH OF ORGANICS: NIL (cm)

VARIABLE DEPTH TO BEDROCK: 27 (cm)


COMMUNITY CLASS: Meadow MA

COMMUNITY SERIES: Meadow Marsh MAM

ECOSITE: Great Lakes Coastal Meadow Marsh Ecosite MAMM4

VEGETATION TYPE: Twig rush Coastal Meadow Marsh type MAMM4-4

INCLUSION: Stiff yellow flax vegetation type MAMM4-4a

COMPLEX: Notes:

101




MAMM4-1

ELC SITE: Oliphant

POLYGON: MAMM4-1


SPECIES LIST SURVEYORS: DJ LAYERS: 1 = CANOPY 2 = SUB-CANOPY 3 = UNDERSTORY 4 = GROUND (GRD.) LAYER


SPECIES LAYER COL.

SPECIES LAYER COL.

CODE 1 2 3 4

CODE 1 2 3 4

JUNALPI D

HELAUTU R

SCIAMER O

AGRSCAB R

SOLOHIO R

EUTGRAM

R

LYTSALI R

CLAMARI R

LOBKALM

R

ELEELLI O

PARGLAU

R

TOFGLUT R

SPIROMA R

TRIMARI R

LYCAMER R

102




Page _1__ of __1_

103




ELC SITE: Oliphant

POLYGON: MAMM4-1 STAND DATE: August 28, 2013 CHARACTERISTICS SURVEYORS: DJ, KA

TREE TALLY BY SPECIES: PRISM FACTOR 2x

SPECIES TALLY 1 TALLY 2 TALLY 3 TALLY 4 TOTAL REL. AVG. TOTAL BASAL AREA (BA) DEAD

STAND COMPOSITION:


90 H (m) 60 30 100 m

Notes: Good habitat for DeKay's brown snake

104




Distance (m)

105




ELC SITE: Oliphant

POLYGON: MAMM4-1


SURVEYORS: DJ

SLOPE: UTM


1 A 2 1 4 270 1% S 2 17 477937 4955188

2

3

4

5


HORIZON

A TEXTURE N/A

COURSE FRAGMENTS

B TEXTURE N/A

COURSE FRAGMENTS

C TEXTURE fS

COURSE FRAGMENTS


SURFACE STONINESS 0

SURFACE ROCKINESS 0

DEPTH TO/OF

MOTTLES None

GLEY None

BEDROCK 0 cm

WATER TABLE 1 cm

CARBONATES 0 cm

ORGANICS N/A



MOISTURE REGIME

106




SOIL SURVEY MAP

LEGEND CLASS

107




ELC SITE: Oliphant

POLYGON: MAMM4-1


WILDLIFE SURVEYORS: DJ



CONDITIONS: warm, partially cloudy


VERNAL POOLS

SNAGS

HIBERNACULA

FALLEN LOGS

SPECIES LIST:



H N Leopard OB

4

H DeKay’s snake OB

1



EVIDENCE CODES (EV): BREEDING BIRD - POSSIBLE:


SM = SINGING MALE


T = TERRITORY

D = DISPLAY

P = PAIR


N = NEST BUILDING

V = VISITING NEST


DD = DISTRACTION


NE = EGGS


AE = NEST ENTRY


OB = OBSERVED

VO = VOCALIZATION

CA = CARCASS


HO = HOUSE/DEN

FY = EGGS/YOUNG

TK = TRACKS


SC = SCAT

108





Page _1__ of __1_

109





COMMUNITY SURVEYORS: DJ DATE: 28/8/13 TIME: start 1700


CLASSIFICATION UTMZ: 17 UTME:477937 UTMN: 4955188










Cliff Deciduous Bog



SITE: Alvar Prairie

RocklandCOVER:

Thicket





STAND DESCRIPTION: SPECIES IN ORDER OF DECREASING DOMINANCE (up to 4 sp)


1 Canopy

2 Sub-Canopy

3 Understory 4 Grd. Layer HT CODES: 1= >= 25m; 2= 10 - <25m; 3= 2 - <10m; 4= 1 - <2m; 5= 0.5 - <1m; 6= 0.2 - <0.5m; 7= <0.2m

CVR CODES: 0 = None; 1 = >0 - 10%; 2 = >10 - 25%; 3 = >25 - 50%; 4 = >50%

STAND COMPOSITION:

BA: N/A


< 10

10 - 24

25 - 50

> 50

STANDING SNAGS:

< 10

10 - 24

25 - 50

> 50

DEADFALL / LOGS:

< 10

10 - 24

25 - 50

> 50


110




COMMUNITY AGE:

X PIONEER

YOUNG

MID-AGE

OLD GRWTH

SOIL ANALYSIS: TEXTURE: DEPTH TO MOTTLES/GLEY: g = N/A G = N/A

MOISTURE: DEPTH OF ORGANICS: NIL (cm)

HOMOGENOUS DEPTH TO BEDROCK: 0 (cm)


COMMUNITY CLASS: Marsh MA

COMMUNITY SERIES: Meadow marsh MAM

ECOSITE: Great Lakes Coastal Meadow Marsh Ecosite MAMM4

VEGETATION TYPE: Gramnoid Coastal Meadow Marsh type MAMM4-1

INCLUSION:

COMPLEX: Notes:

Documents

LHCCC report 2013-11-29