Linda Y. CuretonLinda Y. CuretonCIO, National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationCIO, National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Tuesday May 4, 2010Tuesday May 4, 2010

Cloud Computing: Getting Beyond the HypeCloud Computing: Getting Beyond the Hype

Agenda

About NASA Definition of Cloud

Computing Cloud Computing and

NASA Getting Beyond the

Hype

The NASA Mission

The NASA Mission

Aeronautics: pioneers and proves new flight technologies that improve our ability to explore and which have practical applications on Earth.

Exploration Systems: creates capabilities for sustainable human and robotic exploration.

Science: explores the Earth, solar system and universe beyond; charts the best route of discovery; and reaps the benefits of Earth and space exploration for society.

Space Operations: provides critical enabling technologies for much of the rest of NASA through the space shuttle, the International Space Station and flight support.

NASA's mission is to NASA's mission is to pioneer the future in pioneer the future in space exploration, space exploration, scientific discovery, and scientific discovery, and aeronautics research. aeronautics research.

The NASA Mission

5

Dryden FlightResearch

Center

AmesResearch

Center

Jet PropulsionLaboratory

Johnson SpaceCenter

StennisSpace Center; NASA Shared Services Center

MarshallSpaceFlightCenter

Kennedy SpaceCenter

Langley ResearchCenter

NASA Headquarters

Goddard SpaceFlight Center

Glenn Research

Center

The NASA Mission

Spinoff Technology: NASA has been issued over 6,300 patents, nearly one in a thousand of all patents ever issued by the U.S. Patent Office (since 1790).

Modeling Innovations Advance Wind Energy Industry: In 1981, Glenn Research Center scientist Dr. Larry Viterna developed a model that predicted certain elements of wind turbine performance with far greater accuracy than previous methods.

Image-Capture Devices Extend Medicine’s Reach: NASA’s Advanced Diagnostic Ultrasound in Microgravity (ADUM) experiment led to the development of revolutionary medical ultrasound diagnostic techniques for long-distance use, including frame-grabber and data archiving technology that enables ultrasound users with minimal training to send diagnostic-quality ultrasound images and video to medical professionals via the Internet .

Cloud Computing:

A model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction.

There are five key Cloud attributes:

1. Shared / pooled resources

2. Broad network access

3. On-demand self-service

4. Scalable and elastic

5. Metered by use

Resources are drawn from a common pool Common resources build huge economies of scale Common infrastructure runs at high efficiency

Completely automated Users abstracted from the implementation Near real-time delivery (seconds or minutes) Services accessed through a self-serve

web interface

Resources are dynamically-allocated between users Additional resources are dynamically-released when

needed Fully automated

No up-front initial investment is required to get started Users pay only for services used Underlying hardware costs are irrelevant

Reduces Costs

No need to purchase hardware, licenses or implementation services

Pay-as-you-go Cancel any time

Saves Time

Spend less time on IT and more time on business-critical activities

Get started immediately Improves workflow through easy

sharing and collaboration

Provides Flexibility

Access to multiple technologies, business solutions and providers

Access services from anywhere in the world Add, subtract or change

services as needs change

Greater Resource Efficiency

Don’t pay for resources you are not using Just-in-time capacity management Pooled resources saves energy

Higher Quality Service

Increased reliability (24/7 availability) Always have the latest software Updates are automatic and immediately available

Automatic policy compliance Faster procurement Faster deployment of technologies Allows Government agencies to focus efforts on strategic

projects Prevents duplication efforts Significant cost savings Flexible resources Integrated Reporting

There are three primary Cloud models:

1. Public Clouds

2. Private Clouds

3. Hybrid Clouds

Hosted at a Service Provider Site Supports multiple customers Often utilizes shared infrastructure Supports connectivity over the internet Suited for information that is not sensitive Usually cheaper than a private cloud

Hosted at an Enterprise or Service Provider site Supports only one customer Dedicated infrastructure Connectivity over private network/fiber or the

internet May be used for sensitive information More expensive than a public cloud

Hosted at an Enterprise or Service Provider site Supports only one customer Dedicated infrastructure Connectivity over both private network/fiber and

the internet May be used to move information between

private and public clouds

There are three Cloud service models:

Target Customer: End-User Provides:

• On-demand access to a wide range of Office and Productivity software such as Email, blogs, wikis, forums, etc.

• Web Hosting (Google Sites)• Source code control

Key Attributes:• Single or multi-tenant model• Centralized feature and system upgrades• Mobility, flexibility, wide range of options• Can include almost any IT service

Examples: Salesforce.com, Microsoft Federal BPOS, Gmail, Netsuite, ADP, Yahoo email

Target Customer: Software Developer Provides:

• Environment in which applications can be developed, tested, staged, deployed,

hosted and run

• Backup and Fail-over Environments

• Standard protocols and common technologies for web app development

• Programmable User Interface, Integrated Content Libraries, Real-time analytics

& web applications, real-time workflow and approvals, Granular Security &

Sharing Key Attributes:

• Multi-tenant deployment architecture

• “Infinitely scalable” – one to millions of users• Interacts at the Source Code level• Total abstraction from infrastructure

Examples: force.com, Microsoft Azure, Google App Engine, Yahoo APIs

Target Customer: System Administrators Provides:

• Bandwidth, Networks, Operating System, File System, Servers & Storage

• Backup power, networks and failover sites

• Dedicated team of experts monitoring the system on a 24/7 basis Key Attributes:

• Implementation is hidden, changeable

• Often uses Virtualization and Shared Storage (SAN or Cluster)• Similar to utility Computing or Grid Computing

Examples: Amazon EC2, S3 and EBS, Linode, Rackspace Cloud, Terramark

Enterprise Cloud, IBM CloudBurst, Nebula IaaS

“The Federal technology environment requires a

fundamental re-examination of investments in technology

infrastructure… Pilot projects will be implemented to offer

an opportunity to utilize more fully and broadly

departmental and Agency architectures to identify

enterprise-wide common services and solutions, with a

new emphasis on cloud-computing.”

Federal agencies have similar needs Common set of languages, tools, software & services

allows us to avoid re-inventing the wheel Standards mitigate vendor lock-in Improves cohesion of citizen experience Easy collaboration and communication between agencies

and with private institutions

NASA’s Nebula Cloud Computing Platform DISA’s Rapid Access Computing Environment (RACE) National Business Center Cloud Department of Energy’s Magellan

NEBULA Cloud Computing Platform 2010NEBULA Cloud Computing Platform 2010

NASA has a long history of publishing data Massive data sets Unique formats Difficulty sharing data without granting access to internal

networks Open Government Directive

Large-scale infrastructure requirements Too much money is spent on infrastructure Fluctuating needs:

• Missions Completely Succeed (Rovers)• Missions do not succeed (Orbiting Carbon

Observatory)• Politics impact Missions (Triana)

Missions are focused on the Mission Scientists are focused on the Science

Many different web platforms on thousands of sites Widely-fluctuating needs Lock-in, portability, and interoperability issues Confusing to outside users Very large attack surface Very high operating costs Long provisioning times

Science-Class Cloud Computing• High CPU-to-Disk Ratio• 10gig E networking• 100 terabyte file system storage

Built for Research• MAE-West Peering (Internet2,

NLR, CENIC, 11 Tier-1 ISPs)• Massively Parallel,

Loosely Coupled

Designed for Search Engines, RSS, and aggregation Friendly URLs It’s RSSable, Tweetable

General Services Administration Microsoft World Wide Telescope Google Earth Planetary Content (Mars) Lunar Mapping Module Program (LMMP) Data Processing

(Moon)

Data Processing»LMMP uses Nebula to

perform stereographic reconstruction using Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) images

Data Sharing»Microsoft World-Wide

Telescope» Data for Moon and Mars

(100TB+) is processed and hosted on Nebula

Beyond the Hype

The Bull» Technology is so compelling that most marketing strategies claim cloud

capabilities• Agree on definition• Know what you need• Don’t let the hype fool you into disinterest

The Silver Bullet» Some applications are not well-suited for cloud» Vendor lock-in» Perceptions on security

The Silver Lining» Look for cloud opportunities» Provision internal clouds as a pilot» Develop cloud-centric solutions

Disruptive technology should not be ignored Your customers will do this with or without you Follow sound risk-based principles

Beyond the Hype

“Infrastructure and operations professionals can try to ignore it as it is just in its infancy, but doing so may be a mistake as cloud computing is looking like a classic disruptive technology” - Forrester

@NASAnebula

Nebula: NASA’s Cloud Computing Platform

NEBULA Cloud Computing Platform 2010NEBULA Cloud Computing Platform 2010

NASA NebulaCloud Computing for a Universe of Datahttp://nebula.nasa.gov