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Literary TermsLiterary Terms
DramaDrama
A Drama is a PLAY. A TRAGEDY is a serious work in
which the main character (tragic hero) experiences defeat
(EX: Julius Caesar)
A Drama is a PLAY. A TRAGEDY is a serious work in
which the main character (tragic hero) experiences defeat
(EX: Julius Caesar)
Foreshadowing: Clues or hints about future events.
EX: When you hear intense music during a scary movie and know something bad is about to happen.
Foreshadowing: Clues or hints about future events.
EX: When you hear intense music during a scary movie and know something bad is about to happen.
Soliloquy: Speech to oneself revealing innermost thoughts.
Setting: Time and place the story occurs (EX: Rome, 44BC)
Repetition: Frequent repeating of words or sounds.
Soliloquy: Speech to oneself revealing innermost thoughts.
Setting: Time and place the story occurs (EX: Rome, 44BC)
Repetition: Frequent repeating of words or sounds.
Personification: Attributing human characteristics to non-human things.
EX: The sun danced across her face. Onomatopoeia: Words look the way
they sound. EX: Buzz, snap, crackle, pop.
Personification: Attributing human characteristics to non-human things.
EX: The sun danced across her face. Onomatopoeia: Words look the way
they sound. EX: Buzz, snap, crackle, pop.
SIMILE: Comparison of 2 unlike things using LIKE or AS. She is sweet as candy.
SIMILE: Comparison of 2 unlike things using LIKE or AS. She is sweet as candy.
METAPHOR: Direct comparison of 2 unlike things. -I am a pig.
Aside: words are heard by the audience but not others in the play.
Act: Subdivision of a play Scene: Acts are further subdivided
into these.
Aside: words are heard by the audience but not others in the play.
Act: Subdivision of a play Scene: Acts are further subdivided
into these.
POETRYPOETRY Hyperbole: Extreme exaggeration Example: I’m about to explode. Iambic Pentameter:
IAMB: Stressed syllable followed by unstressed syllable (2 syllables-DaDUM)
PENTAMETER: 5 IAMBS on one line of poetry.
Altogether, Iambic Pentameter is 10 syllables.
DaDUMdaDUMdaDUMdaDUMdaDUM
Hyperbole: Extreme exaggeration Example: I’m about to explode. Iambic Pentameter:
IAMB: Stressed syllable followed by unstressed syllable (2 syllables-DaDUM)
PENTAMETER: 5 IAMBS on one line of poetry.
Altogether, Iambic Pentameter is 10 syllables.
DaDUMdaDUMdaDUMdaDUMdaDUM
Free Verse: reads like a paragraph; no set line length.
Fixed Verse: Fixed line length, reads like a song.
Free Verse: reads like a paragraph; no set line length.
Fixed Verse: Fixed line length, reads like a song.
TYPES of PoemsTYPES of Poems Elegy: Mournful lament for the dead. Ballad: Tells a story, has plot and
characters and dialogue Dramatic Monologue: One person’s
speech to an implied audience. Extended Metaphor: Comparison
between 2 things that extends over an entire poem.
Elegy: Mournful lament for the dead. Ballad: Tells a story, has plot and
characters and dialogue Dramatic Monologue: One person’s
speech to an implied audience. Extended Metaphor: Comparison
between 2 things that extends over an entire poem.
Sound DevicesSound Devices Alliteration: Same sounds at the
beginning of words in a line of poetry. Ex: Peter Piper Picked a Peck of Pickled
Peppers. Assonance: Same vowel sounds in the
middle of words in a line. Ex: White Stripes.
Consonance: Same consonant sounds at the end of words. Ex: Stroke of luck
Alliteration: Same sounds at the beginning of words in a line of poetry. Ex: Peter Piper Picked a Peck of Pickled
Peppers. Assonance: Same vowel sounds in the
middle of words in a line. Ex: White Stripes.
Consonance: Same consonant sounds at the end of words. Ex: Stroke of luck
SymbolismSymbolism
A person, place, or thing that stands for something else. Ex: The American flag, a donkey
stands for democrat, an elephant stands for republican, a heart stands for love, etc.
A person, place, or thing that stands for something else. Ex: The American flag, a donkey
stands for democrat, an elephant stands for republican, a heart stands for love, etc.
FICTION: FALSE!FICTION: FALSE!
Internal Conflict: Character struggles within himself.
External Conflict: Character struggles with outside forces.
Internal Conflict: Character struggles within himself.
External Conflict: Character struggles with outside forces.
Types of Conflict (Examples)Types of Conflict (Examples)
Character vs. Character: 2 people fighting
Character vs. Self: Making a tough decision
Character vs. Society: Peer pressure Character vs. Nature: Getting swept up
by a tornado.
Character vs. Character: 2 people fighting
Character vs. Self: Making a tough decision
Character vs. Society: Peer pressure Character vs. Nature: Getting swept up
by a tornado.
IRONYIRONY Dramatic Irony: When we know something
that the character doesn’t know. EX: We knew the conspirators were going to kill Caesar, but he didn’t know.
Verbal Irony: When the character says one thing but means another.
Situational Irony: When we expect one thing but something else happens. EX: Elie didn’t expect the hospital patients to be liberated.
Dramatic Irony: When we know something that the character doesn’t know. EX: We knew the conspirators were going to kill Caesar, but he didn’t know.
Verbal Irony: When the character says one thing but means another.
Situational Irony: When we expect one thing but something else happens. EX: Elie didn’t expect the hospital patients to be liberated.
PLOTPLOT
Exposition: Intro info Rising Action Climax: TURNING POINT IN THE
STORY Falling Action Resolution: Conclusion
Exposition: Intro info Rising Action Climax: TURNING POINT IN THE
STORY Falling Action Resolution: Conclusion
Static Character: STAYS THE SAME throughout the story (Ex: Cassius)
Dynamic Character: CHANGES AS A RESULT of the story (Ex: Brutus)
Static Character: STAYS THE SAME throughout the story (Ex: Cassius)
Dynamic Character: CHANGES AS A RESULT of the story (Ex: Brutus)
Protagonist: Main Character in the story
Antagonist: Anyone/thing that opposes the protagonist.
Protagonist: Main Character in the story
Antagonist: Anyone/thing that opposes the protagonist.
POINT OF VIEWPOINT OF VIEW Objective: Narrator tells only facts Subjective: Narrator is biased, tells the story
with emotion and opinions. 1st person: Narrator is IN the action (uses I,
we, me) 3rd limited: Narrator is outside of the action
and only follows ONE character. (he, she, they)
3rd omniscient: Narrator is outside of the action and knows ALL about every character.
Objective: Narrator tells only facts Subjective: Narrator is biased, tells the story
with emotion and opinions. 1st person: Narrator is IN the action (uses I,
we, me) 3rd limited: Narrator is outside of the action
and only follows ONE character. (he, she, they)
3rd omniscient: Narrator is outside of the action and knows ALL about every character.
Allusion: Reference to something famous (bible, place, person, etc.)
Theme: Lesson/message that they story is centered around
Tone: Way the AUTHOR FEELS about his subject.
Mood: Way the author makes the READER feel.
Allusion: Reference to something famous (bible, place, person, etc.)
Theme: Lesson/message that they story is centered around
Tone: Way the AUTHOR FEELS about his subject.
Mood: Way the author makes the READER feel.
WritingWriting
Claim: Thesis Evidence: REASONS Warrant: WHY your evidence/reasons
are RELEVANT or important. Counterclaim: Someone else’s
argument against you. Rebuttal: Your proof/final argument that
proves the other person wrong.
Claim: Thesis Evidence: REASONS Warrant: WHY your evidence/reasons
are RELEVANT or important. Counterclaim: Someone else’s
argument against you. Rebuttal: Your proof/final argument that
proves the other person wrong.
Nonfiction: REAL!Nonfiction: REAL! Biography: an account of someone’s life
written by someone else Autobiography: an account of a
person’s life written by that person Memoir: an autobiography written about
a certain event or MEMORY. Vignette: a short excerpt or episode (a
series is put together to form a story).
Biography: an account of someone’s life written by someone else
Autobiography: an account of a person’s life written by that person
Memoir: an autobiography written about a certain event or MEMORY.
Vignette: a short excerpt or episode (a series is put together to form a story).