Logistics Processes and Motorways of the Sea II Logistics

Page 1 of XX Inception Report

Logistics Processes and Motorways of the Sea II

in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova,

Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan

Inception Report – Annex 4

Action Plans

July 2011

A project implemented by Egis International / Dornier Consulting

This project is funded by the European Union

Logistics Processes and Motorways of the Sea II

in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova,

Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan

Progress Report IV – Annex 6

Shipping Line Information

April 2013

This project is funded by the European Union

ENPI 2011 / 264 459

ENPI Contract No. 2011 / 264 459

A project implemented by Egis International / Dornier Consulting

Logistics Processes and Motorways of the Sea ll

Progress Report IV Annex 6 – Shipping Line Information Page 1 of 24

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 REGULAR MARITIME SERVICES FROM / TO THE MAIN PORTS OF THE DIRECT BENEFICIARY COUNTRIES. UP-DATE APRIL 2013 ........................................................................ 2

1.1 GEORGIA ......................................................................................................................................... 3 1.2 MOLDOVA ........................................................................................................................................ 5 1.3 UKRAINE ......................................................................................................................................... 5 1.4 AZERBAIJAN .................................................................................................................................. 14 1.5 KAZAKHSTAN ................................................................................................................................. 15 1.6 TURKMENISTAN ............................................................................................................................. 16

2 OTHER REGULAR MARITIME SERVICES FROM / TO THE MAIN PORTS OF THE INDIRECT BENEFICIARY COUNTRIES AND OTHER BLACK SEA/CASPIAN PORTS. – UP-DATE APRIL 2013 .................................................................................................................................................... 18

2.1 BULGARIA ...................................................................................................................................... 18 2.2 ROMANIA ....................................................................................................................................... 19 2.3 RUSSIA ......................................................................................................................................... 20

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

CASPAR The Azerbaijan State Caspian Sea Shipping Company

DWCC Dead weight cargo capacity

SEA

TEU

South East Asia

Twenty foot equivalent unit (containers)

TIR Transports Internationaux Routiers (usually pronounced „Teer‟ in all languages)

http://www.multitran.ru/c/m.exe?t=4572885_2_1

http://www.multitran.ru/c/m.exe?t=4572998_2_1


Page 2 of 24 Annex 6 – Shipping Line Information Progress Report IV

1 REGULAR MARITIME SERVICES FROM / TO THE MAIN PORTS OF THE DIRECT BENEFICIARY COUNTRIES. UP-DATE APRIL 2013

BLACK SEA BASIN



1.1 Georgia

Port Service from/to Shipping Line Mode Frequency Capacity Notes

Poti

Kerch1 UkrFerry / BMF

2 Ro-Ro+Rail ferry Weekly

108 rw wagons or 90 TIR trucks

Russian gauge

Malta, Constanza3,

Novorossyisk4, Poti,

Trabzon, Odessa5,

Constanza6, Varna,

Malta

CMA-CGM (Black Sea 1 Feeder)

Lo-Lo Weekly 3 x 1155 TEUS In-house plus common feeder service

1 Service temporarily suspended.

2 UkrFerry and BMF operate in joint-service/under a pool sharing agreement. BMF, an ex Bulgarian state-company („Navigation Maritime Bulgare‟- in short

„Navibulgar‟), is since August 2008 a 70% subsidiary of the Bulgarian-German consortium „KG Maritime Shipping‟. UkrFerry and BMF deploy in the Black Sea a total fleet of 4 sister Rail/Ro-Ro ferries of 108 wagons or 90 TIR trucks capacity built in the late 70‟s plus one Rail/Ro-Ro ferry of 103 wagons or 98 TIR trucks capacity built in 1988.

3 Dubai Ports Authority Constanza South Container Terminal (CSCT).

4 NUTEP Terminal.

5 Brooklyn-Kiev Container Terminal berths 42-43.

6 Double call at SOCEP Terminal and Dubai Ports Authority Constanza South Container Terminal (CSCT).




Poti

Port Kavkaz

Black Sea Ferry Investment (BFI –

БФИ)7

Ro-Ro+Rail ferry Weekly8

1 x 50 wagons or 70 TIR trucks

Russian and European gauges

Ambarli9, Constanza

10 UFS Lo-Lo Weekly 2 x 1155 TEUS

Independent feeder service

Istanbul, Samsun, Gemlik

MSC11

(Georgia Service)

Lo-Lo Weekly 2 x 1150 / 1287 TEUS In-house feeder service

Kumport, Marport, Samsun

Arkas (Intra Black Sea Service – IBS)

Lo-Lo Every 8 days 1 x 1022 TEUS

Batumi Illyichevsk UkrFerry / BMF Ro-Ro+Rail ferry Weekly M/S “Greifswald” 103 rw wagons or 98 TIR trucks

Russian gauge

7 A 51% subsidiary of РЖД (the Russian Railways), operating also similar Rail/Ro-Ro ferry services in the Baltic Sea between Ust Luga (Russia) and Baltiysk

(Kaliningrad enclave, Russia), and between Baltysk and Sassnitz (Germany).

8 At present the service has been downgraded to 2 sailings per month only due to the decrease in the cargo-flow from Russia to Armenia. The Line also provides

spot calls at the rail ferry terminal of Samsun (Turkey).

9 Kumport Terminal.

10 CSCT.

11 Mediterranean Shipping Company, Geneva.




Batumi

Varna, Ilyichevsk UkrFerry / BMF Ro-Ro+Rail ferry Weekly 108 rw wagons or 90 TIR

trucks Russian gauge

Istanbul, Trabzon MSC Lo-Lo Weekly 1 x 1287 TEUS In-house feeder service

1.2 Moldova


Giurgiulesti Constanza12

Danube Logistics Lo-Lo Weekly 1 x 120 TEUS barge Feeder service

1.3 Ukraine


Ilyichevsk Batumi UkrFerry / BMF Ro-Ro+Rail ferry Weekly M/S “Greifswald” 103 rw wagons or 98 TIR trucks

Russian gauge

12

CSCT.




Ilyichevsk

Derince UkrFerry Ro-Ro+Rail ferry Fortnightly 108 rw wagons or 90 TIR trucks

Russian gauge

Varna, Batumi UkrFerry / BMF Ro-Ro+Rail ferry Weekly 108 rw wagons or 90 TIR trucks

Russian gauge

Far East13

, SEA,

Izmit, Istanbul Ambarli

14,

Constanza15

,

Odessa16

,

Ilyichevsk17

, Port Said

East Terminal, SEA, Far East

CMA-CGM (Bosphorus Express) / MAERSK (AE3)

Lo-Lo Weekly 4 x 6540 / 6552 TEUS plus 7 x 8004 TEUS

Vessel sharing agreement

Gioia Tauro, Piraeus, Odessa, Illyichevsk, Gemlik

MSC (Ukraine service)

18


13

10 ports of call from Dalian (Northern China) through South Korea (Busan), Central and Southern Chinese ports, Taiwan (Taipeh) to Port Kelang (Malaysia). Duration of round-trip: 77 days.

14 Kumport Terminal.

15 CSCT.

16 Brooklyn-Kiev Terminal, berths 42-43.

17 Container Terminal Illyichevsk (CTI- formerly Ukrtranscontainer Terminal).

18 MSC, world number 2 container shipping line, has no direct service into the Black Sea. Containers – mostly from/to Far-East – are transhipped at Istanbul.




Ilyichevsk

Far East19

, Piraeus,

Kumport, Сonstanza,

Illiychevsk20

COSCO, CSCL21

, PIL, Yang-Ming, Hanjin, K-Line, ZIM (ABX – SBS - ABS)

Lo-Lo Weekly 4253 / 5551 / 5570 / 4 x 5668 / 6039 TEUS


Constanza, Borusan, West-Med, Algiers,

Tunis22

NEPTUNE SHIPPING LINES

PCC – PCTC types (Pure Car and Pure Car and Truck Carriers)

Regular 430 up to 3200 medium-size cars

Derince Cenk Group PCC Regular 1 x 750 medium-size cars

Haydarpasa, Derince Sea Lines RoPax

Thrice weekly from Haydarpas, Once per week from Derince

2 x 100 / 130 TIR trucks Service launched 03/2011

Kerch Poti23

UkrFerry / BMF Ro-Ro+Rail ferry Weekly 108 rw wagons or 90 TIR trucks

Russian gauge

19

5 ports of call from Shangai (Central China) to Port Kelang. Duration of round-trip: 56 days.

20 Transhipment at Constanza to Burgas, Varna and Odessa.

21 China Shipping Container Line, Shangai.

22 NEPTUNE has the exclusive use of two car terminals at Evyap (Derince, Izmit Gulf, Turkey) and Constanza.

23 Service temporarily suspended




Kerch

Kerch (Port Krym)

Port Kavkaz

AnRussTrans24

Kerch Ferry Crossing (КПП)

Rail ferry

Day-ferry25

4 roundtrips/day

12 vges/day

2 x 26 (cisterns) up to 28 (hoppers) rw wagons

3 vessels for passengers, cars, trucks and vans service

Russian gauge

Ukrainian state-owned company /public service

Odessa

Cagliari, Izmir, Marport, Constanza, Odessa, Varna, Constanza, Marport, Izmir

26

Arkas (Med-Black Sea – CBS)

Lo-Lo Every 9 days 2 x 1208 / 1221 TEUS Independent common feeder plus liner service

24

The line is under a Russian exclusive monopoly officially approved at CIS governmental level.

AnRussTrans (which is controlled by the Russian Railways (РЖД) operates a fleet of 24 vessels out of which 10 Railferries and RoPax in the Black Sea, Baltic Sea (between Ust Luga and Baltysk), Mediterranean Sea (Mersin, Turkey – Port Said, Egypt) and Red Sea (Port Tewfik, Suez, Egypt - Duba,Saudi Arabia). Due to the unstable political situation in both Syria and Iraq, Anrusstrans plans to connect directly the ports of Mersin and Duba through the Suez Canal in the future.

The main trade from Port Kavkaz to Kerch is oil and oil products in cisterns from Russia, Azerbaijan and Central Asia. The 5-mile passage from Port Kavkaz to Port Krym across the Kerch Strait lasts 30‟.

25 Without cabins.

26 Or Gemlik.




Odessa

Malta, Constanza, Novorossyisk, Poti, Trabzon, Odessa, Constanza, Varna, Malta

CMA-CGM (Black Sea 1 Feeder)

Lo-Lo Weekly 3 x 1155 TEUS In-house plus common feeder service

Gioia Tauro, Piraeus, Odessa, Ilyichevsk, Gemlik

MSC (Ukraine service)


Far East, SEA, Izmit, Istanbul Ambarli, Constanza, Odessa, Ilyichevsk, Port Said East Terminal, SEA, Far East

CMA-CGM (Bosphorus Express) / MAERSK (AE3)

Lo-Lo Weekly 4 x 6540 / 6552 TEUS plus 7 x 8004 TEUS


Piraeus, Novorossyisk, Constanza, Varna, Istanbul

Evergreen (Black Sea Feeder Service – BSF)





Odessa

Far East27

, Haifa,

Ambarli28

, Odessa29

,

Novorossiysk, Ambarli, Haifa, Colombo

ZIM (East Med / Black Sea Express Service – EMX)

Lo-Lo Weekly

7 x 4253 / 3 x 4526 TEUS

Also loading CSCL

Novorossyisk, Evyap, Istanbul, Gemlik, Alexandria, Ashdod, Haifa, Izmir

Admiral Container Lines

Lo-Lo Weekly 4 x 337/ 601 / 700 / 707 TEUS

27

5 ports of call in the FE from Pusan (South Korea) to Port Kelang (Malaysia). Duration of round-trip: 70 days.

28 Mardas Terminal.

29 HPC, Odessa Terminal, berths 2-3.




Odessa

Far East30

, Port Said, Ashdod, Ambarli, Odessa

31,

Constanza32

G633

- APL34

, Hapag-Lloyd, HMM

35,

OOCL36

, MOL37

, NYK

38 (Asia Black

Sea Express – ABX)

Lo-Lo Weekly 5344 / 5714 / 5762 / 6178 / 3 x 6266 / 6724 / 6750 TEUS


TIS Yuzhniy

Caucedo, Manzanillo, Buenaventura, Guayaquil, Balboa, Algeciras, Malta, Izmit, Ambarli, Novorossyisk

39

MAERSK (ECUMED) Lo-Lo Weekly 2 x 2797 / 2833 +/ 7 x 3194 TEUS

Base cargo : fresh fruit in reefer containers

MSC buys slots on this service

30

5 ports of call in the FE from Ningbo to Singapore. Duration of round-trip: 63 days.

31 HPC, Odessa Terminal, berths 2-3.

32 CSCT.

33 The G6 is the result of the merger of the Grand Alliance and New World Alliance.

34 American Pesident Lines, Singapore.

35 Hyundai Merchant Marine, Seoul.

36 Orient Overseas Container Line, Hong-Kong.

37 Mitsui OSK Line, Tokyo.

38 Nippon Yusen Kabushiki Kaisha, Tokyo.

39 NUTEP Terminal.




Yevpatoria

Zonguldak Karadeniz Ro-Ro

Cenk Group

RoPax

RoPax

Weekly

Weekly

2 x 85 TIR trucks

1 x 53 / 2 x 85 TIR trucks

Base cargo: fresh fruits and vegetables

Skadovsk

Sebastopol

Zonguldak

AnRussTrans

Birlik Roro Isletmeleri

RoPax

RoPax

Weekly

Weekly

64 TIR trucks (Sebastopol) / 70 TIR trucks (Skadovsk)

75 TIR trucks

Base cargo: fresh fruits and vegetables

Dnepropetrovsk Constanza Tavria Line Sea-river Weekly 2 x 112 TEUS STK Class



CASPIAN SEA BASIN



1.4 Azerbaijan


Baku

Aktau CASPAR

Rail ferry 2-3 / week unscheduled

28, 52 or 54 wagons Russian gauge

Ro-Ro 2 / week unscheduled 2 x 33 TIR trucks or 365 cars „LADA‟ type

Service resumed

02/2011

Dry-cargo vessels Upon inducement / no regular schedule

About 100/120 TEUS on deck

NATO humanitarian cargo to Afghanistan

Turkmenbashi CASPAR Rail ferry 2-3 / day unscheduled


Bandar Anzali, Nowshahr, Amirabad

Khazar Sea Shipping Lines

Dry-cargo vessels na 2500/7000 DWCC



1.5 Kazakhstan


Aktau

Baku CASPAR

Rail ferry 2-3 / week unscheduled

28, 52 or 54 waggons Russian gauge

Ro-Ro 2/ week unscheduled 2 x 33 TIR trucks or 365 cars „LADA‟ type

Service resumed 02/2011

Dry-cargo vessels Upon inducement / no regular schedule

About 100/120 TEUS on deck

NATO humanitarian cargo to Afghanistan






1.6 Turkmenistan


Turkmenbashi

Baku CASPAR Rail ferry 2-3 / day unscheduled





Makhachkala SAFINAT Group Rail ferry regular 2 x 52 wagons

Russian gauge

Base cargo: oil and LNG



WORLD RANKING OF CONTAINER LINES OFFERING SERVICE IN THE BLACK SEA (as of March 16, 2013)

Total Owned Chartered Orderbook

Rnk Operator TEU Ships TEU Ships TEU Ships % Chart TEU Ships % existing

1 APM-Maersk 2 562 353 588 1 333 935 238 1 228 418 350 47.9% 395 374 25 15.4%

2 Mediterranean Shg Co 2 306 196 475 1 030 485 190 1 275 711 285 55.3% 193 823 17 8.4%

3 CMA CGM Group 1 423 193 420 500 234 85 922 959 335 64.9% 130 144 15 9.1%

4 COSCO Container L. 731 588 159 397 937 104 333 651 55 45.6% 136 232 17 18.6%

5 Evergreen Line 721 571 183 399 379 95 322 192 88 44.7% 360 187 36 49.9%

6 Hapag-Lloyd 648 247 140 329 922 62 318 325 78 49.1% 79 014 6 12.2%

7 APL 606 865 128 252 164 42 354 701 86 58.4% 174 500 17 28.8%

8 Hanjin Shipping 585 309 112 271 580 42 313 729 70 53.6% 166 792 22 28.5%

9 CSCL 572 283 139 403 877 78 168 406 61 29.4% 98 952 12 17.3%

10 MOL 499 893 108 240 926 40 258 967 68 51.8% 127 200 11 25.4%

11 OOCL 448 051 97 287 407 47 160 644 50 35.9% 123 688 11 27.6%

12 NYK Line 414 299 95 300 513 54 113 786 41 27.5% 39 624 3 9.6%

14 K Line 352 106 71 122 560 21 229 546 50 65.2% 9 592 1 2.7%

15 Yang Ming Marine Corp. 350 646 81 230 271 49 120 375 32 34.3% 119 876 14 34.2%

16 Hyundai M.M. 341 074 57 100 646 17 240 428 40 70.5% 85 592 9 25.1%

17 Zim 320 018 82 152 818 32 167 200 50 52.2% 148 168 13 46.3%

18 PIL (Pacific Int. Line) 300 133 146 200 989 104 99 144 42 33.0% 88 212 23 29.4%

20 CSAV Group 254 392 55 48 178 10 206 214 45 81.1% 34 400 4 13.5%

21 Wan Hai Lines 163 245 72 137 366 63 25 879 9 15.9% 9 360 2 5.7%

35 Arkas Line / EMES 34 284 31 22 849 18 11 435 13 33.4% 5 600 2 16.3%

66 United Feeder Services 12 887 13 12 887 13 100.0%



2 OTHER REGULAR MARITIME SERVICES FROM / TO THE MAIN PORTS OF THE INDIRECT BENEFICIARY COUNTRIES AND OTHER BLACK SEA/CASPIAN PORTS. – UP-DATE APRIL 2013

BLACK SEA BASIN

2.1 Bulgaria

Port Service from/to Shipping Line

Mode Frequency Capacity Notes

Burgas

Varna Ambarli

40

MSC (Bulgaria Service)

Lo-Lo Weekly 1 x 1388 TEUS In-house feeder service

Burgas

Varna41

Ambarli

42 MAERSK Lo-Lo Weekly 1 x 1092 TEUs In-house feeder service

40

Marport Terminal.

41 West Terminal.

42 Kumport Terminal.



2.2 Romania


Constanza

Pendik43

U.N RO-RO RoPax 3 per week 1 x 160 TIR trucks

Istanbul, Piraeus MSC Lo-Lo Weekly 1 x 2466 TEUS In-house feeder service

Casablanca, Tangiers Algeciras, Cagliari, Marport, Constanza

44

Arkas (West Med-Black Sea – WBS)

Lo-Lo Weekly 3 x 698 / 825 / 976 TEUS

Limassol Novorossyisk Constanza

45 - Varna

46

- Ambarli - Gemlik - Thessaloniki - Izmir - Piraeus - Limassol - Haifa

ZIM (Black Sea Express - BSX)

Lo-Lo Weekly 1 x 1296 / 2 x 1702 TEUS

43

The service has been suspended without notice in September 2012.

44 Double call at SOCEP and CSCT.

45 CSCT.

46 West Terminal.



2.3 Russia


Novorossyisk

Port Said, Ashdod MAERSK (Seago Line – Black Sea Service)

Lo-Lo Weekly 2 x 957 / 868 Seasonal in-house feeder service dedicated to fresh fruit

(Antalya), Istanbul, Novorossyisk

47

MSC Lo-Lo Weekly 1 x 1762 TEUS In-house liner plus feeder service

Alexandria, Ashdod, Novorossyisk

48

MSC Lo-Lo Weekly 2 x 1350 1384 TEUS In-house liner plus feeder service

Novorossyisk49

, Marport, Alexandria

50

Arkas (East Med- Russia Express – ERS)

Lo-Lo Weekly 2 x 1604 TEUS Independent common feeder plus liner service

47

NLE Terminal.

48 NLE Terminal.

49 NLE Terminal.

50 Alexandria or Dekheila Terminal.




Mersin, Antalya, Marport, Evyap, Novorossyisk, Gemlik, Aliaga, Famagusta

Arkas (Antalya-Novorossyisk – ANS)

Lo-Lo Weekly 2 x 1139 TEUS Independent common feeder plus liner service

Port Said51

, Mersin, Ambarli

52,

Novorossyisk, Gemlik CMA (Citrus Express) Lo-Lo Weekly 3 x 966 / 1022 /1098

TEUS

Seasonal in-house feeder service dedicated to fresh fruit

Novorossyisk

Gelendjik53

Samsun

Cenk Group

Kalyoncu RoRo

Birlik Denizcilik

Karadeniz Ro-Ro

AnRussTrans

Ro-Ro

Ro-Pax

Several times weekly 1 vge/week

85 TIR trucks

50 / 63 / 85 TIR trucks

85 TIR trucks

75 TIR trucks

70 TIR trucks

Opened August 2012

Rostov on Don Mardas54

LAMRus (in cooperation with MSC)

Container 3 vges /month 1 x 225 TEUS sea-river vessel

Service extended to Turkmenbashi during navigation period of Russian inland waterways

51

East Terminal

52 Kumport Terminal

53 Turkish vessels are deployed to Gelendjik or Novorossyisk depending on cargo-flow. The base cargo is fresh fruit and vegetables.

54 Additional spot calls at Mariupol.




Azov Ambarli55

MAERSK Lo-Lo

Every 12 days

1 x 366 TEUS

Port Kavkaz

Varna56

AnRussTrans57

Ro-Ro+Rail ferry

Weekly 2 x 50 waggons or 318 TEUS

Russian and European gauges

Zonguldak AnRussTrans Ro-Ro Weekly 1 x 90 TIR trucks Opened March 2012

Sochi

Closed to cargo vessels as from September, 2010 except for supplies for the 2014 Winter Olympic games

Novorossyisk, (Istanbul)

FESCO58

(Sochi Direct Line – FSDL)

Lo-Lo Weekly 1 x 270 TEUS Opened October 2012

55

Kumport Terminal

56 This service allows to by-pass Romania, Moldova and Ukraine and shortens the distance from Bulgaria to Russia by some 800 kms.

57 A joint-venture, called „Varna Ferry‟ has been created between Bulgarian River Shipping Cy and Navigation Maritime Bulgare in 2011 in order for Bulgaria to take

part in this trade. A first second-hand rail-ferry (now under overhaul) has already been purchased and a second one should be acquired. The beginning of operations is planned for March 2013.

58 Far-Eastern Shipping Company, Moscow



Types of vessels

Dry cargo vessel: a non box-shaped geared or gearless Lo-Lo vessel (cargo holds are designed for general cargo carriage)

Lo-Lo: Lift-on/Lift-off (geared or gearless container ‟box-shaped‟ vessels)

PCC: Pure Car Carrier

PCTC: Pure Car and Truck Carrier

Railferry: a vessel designed to carry rail wagons

Ro-Ro: Roll-on/Roll-off vessels (usually having the capacity to accommodate up to 12 drivers in cabins. Above 12 passengers (Pax), the vessel is considered as a Passenger Vessel and subject to different safety regulations and additional equipment requirements)

RoPax (or Ferry Vessel): Roll-on/Roll-off vessel with a large Pax capacity (i.e. the vessel can accommodate in cabins more than 12 Pax, or more Pax than the number of rolling stock - trucks/cars- which can be loaded on board)

Sea-river vessel: a vessel which can sail both at sea and on inland waterways

Notes

a) The above description of schedules, frequency, ports of transshipment and ports of call, vessels‟ sizes and types and services in general is based on the information made available on the websites or collected directly from the respective Ship Owners / Liner Operators at the time of writing this report. Actual services, rotation of vessels, ports of call, deployment of the fleet may vary significantly on a monthly, weekly or even daily basis on account of fluctuations in cargo volumes due to economic or seasonal reasons (crops, summer period, religious celebrations, etc.), congestion, weather conditions preventing sailing or transiting or handling, at port (s) and/or at Turkish Straits (Dardanels and Bosphorus), incidents at sea or in port (s) of technical or any other nature, administrative or governmental decisions, etc.

b) Names between brackets after the shipping line name are the brand names given by the shipping lines to their involved services.

c) The double calls of – sometimes very large – container vessels at various Terminals in a same port or at nearby ports usually depend upon technical reasons (such as the stowage of the containers on board of the vessel). In Ukraine they are linked to the more or less complacent customs-handling of certain kinds of goods (excise, audio, video, high-tech, high-value, luxury and the like).

d) reported container vessel TEU capacities are nominal ones.



Compared with the 2008 pre-global financial crisis situation, a number of deep-sea container services into the Black Sea have been merged / down-sized / use slow steaming while others have been suspended or altogether suppressed. The situation at the time of writing the present report (March 2013) remains unchanged. The size of the vessels employed in both deep-sea and feeder services is however on the rise.

Tendencies previously noted remain, i.e.:

- There are now feeder lines operating only between the numerous container terminals around the Sea of Marmara. This area is becoming the main transhipment hub to and from the Black Sea which may entail a further decrease in the volume of transhipments performed in Black Sea ports,

- The Russian Rail ferry, Ro-Ro and Ro-Pax operators keep on expanding quickly in the Black Sea and strengthen their presence in non-domestic trades (Turkey-Ukraine).

Documents

Logistics Processes and Motorways of the Sea II Logistics