LPC Global Network Strategy

8/7/2019 LPC Global Network Strategy

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Canada in the worlda global ne tworks strategy


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summaryThe Global Networks Strategy is about Canada embracing the world. Canadians do that because we havea lot to o er the world, and because our long-term prosperity depends on doing so. They want theirgovernment to be as open, con dent, ambitious and practical as they are. This Strategy outlines how the

ederal government can once again play a leadership role among Canadians in a rapidly changing world.

Networks de ne how the world works today, as hierarchies did in the past. In uence is gained throughconnectedness, and by being at the centre o networks. That is good news or Canada, because we havea reputation or being able to work with others, we have shaped many multilateral organizations, and ourpopulation today re ects the diversity o the world. The Global Networks Strategy is designed to leveragethese assets. It sets priority areas in which the ederal government must collaborate with the ull range o players who contribute vigorously and most o ten in networks - to Canadas presence in the world: othergovernments, non-governmental organizations, the private sector, young Canadians, academia, aith-based groups, artists and others.

Canadas engagement with the world in the coming years will bemulti- aceted, re ecting our interests, values and capabilities. Underthe Global Networks Strategy a Liberal government will:

Propose a new kind of bilateral agreement withC i I i , and other countries over time, in order to

place the highest possible priority on building produc-tive, long-term relationships in key economic, knowl-edge and cultural sectors and stronger ties at all levels;

Renew our partnerships with theu i s m xico , and work together in North America and on theworld stage;

Pursue a new, multilateral agreement on thea c ictoadvance cooperation on social, economic, environmentaland security issues;

Reverse the current governments withdrawal froma ic , supporting innovative new ways to empowerA ricans, build capacity or stable, transparent govern-ment and encourage private investment;

Act on a whole-of-Canada approach to helpingpartners in the developing world, based on Canadianideas like P c , O Goo Go , andthe r po ibili o P o c; this will leverage theexpertise and commitment o civil society, business andgovernment, and include a return to United Nationsp c op io by an experienced and accomplishedCanadian military, a ter the end o its combat missionin A ghanistan;

I i o C o- g g wi wo l .

W o o i i , o o c ,o c olog , o g og -p , o o c , ci il

oci g o p , o i o ,o o , ll ilo -o ow glob liz io woo . W c cco pli oc o o o l

wi o i w g o bi io bo

l gi g o .L g o wo .

- Michael Ignatieff -Leader o the Liberal Party o Canada

Photo: Radey Barrack


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Make pow i g wo i lopi g world an over-arching priorityor development assistance;

Renew Canadian l il li , to help shape new institutions and re orm existingones, addressing both threats and opportunities that transcend borders;

Implement aB i g C initiative in key oreign markets ocusing especially onCanadian culture and our strengths in higher education in order to boost trade, invest-ment and Canadian in uence;

Leverage the passion of Canadian youth, with a newC yo s ic p og to support volunteer service abroad;

Re-establish Canadian credibility and leadership in g i o ,working with the international community to ght climate change, while at the sametime ensuring we transition success ully to the low-carbon economy o tomorrow,with good jobs in a competitive and innovative Canada; and

Renew thego c p ci to act on the Global Networks Strategy, in partby reallocating the incremental spending by the Department o National De ence inA ghanistan, a ter the combat mission ends in 2011.

The Global Networks Strategy is a comprehensive and coherent plan or securing Canadianprosperity, and our place in a complex and changing world, by taking ull advantage o the capabilitieso all Canadians.


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Canada In the WOrLd: Why ChanGe Is neededWhat happens in the world matters to Canada more than ever be ore. In the 21 st century, decisions and eventsacross the planet have direct impacts on our communities, our stores, actories, schools, and our governments.The distance between an o ce tower in Mumbai and a main street in Canada can today be measured inseconds. I there was any remaining doubt that no nation is an island, the global events that bookended the

rst decade o this century dispelled it: the attacks o September 11, 2001, planned in the caves o remoteA ghanistan, and at the end o the decade, the worlds rst globally synchronized recession and nancial crisis.These events changed Canada despite our having little or no perceived connection to their causes.

But the globalized world o ers as much opportunity as peril or those who understand how it works,and are willing to lead.

We are among the most trade-reliant nationson the planet, and stand at the geographicand cultural crossroads o goods, people andknowledge ows linking the emerging giants o Asia, and the mature economies o Europe, withthe North American market o nearly 500 millionpeople. Canadians are the people o the world: by2020, one-quarter o our population will have beenborn in another country. Our cities are brimmingwith courageous immigrants rom Asia, A rica, theMiddle East and Latin America, people among theworlds most talented and hard working.

Canadians are also spread widely across the globe.At any given time nearly three million Canadians are living, working and traveling abroad, more than hal amillion o them in Asia. Nearly our million Canadians are o Asian descent. Over one million Canadians live inthe United States. This makes Canada networked with the world. The potential bene ts are huge, if our policymakers begin to recognize such acts or purposes other than domestic wedge politics.

Canada has lost ground on the world stage. Governed by an ideologicaltactician who did not travel outside North America be ore becomingPrime Minister (except for one trip as Leader of the Oppositionwhen he accompanied Prime Minister Paul Martin to a World War IIcommemoration), Canada has stood still in a ast-paced world. Happeningto be in ofce when it is Canadas turn to host summit meetings does notadd up to a vision or Canadas place in the world. Liberals, like many otherCanadians, believe the Harper government cares about international a airsexclusively in a tactical sense or chasing votes o particular demographicgroups. This leads to a long and growing list o embarrassments and missedopportunities, including:

At the Copenhagen climate change summit, Stephen Harper earned for Canada thedisdain of the world, attending only because President Obama went, and then thwart-ing progress, not even attempting to reconcile con icting views within the Canadiandelegation he was purportedly leading.

The Harper governments simplistic approach to the Arab-Israeli con ict, and calculatede orts to exploit it or partisan advantage, have not only undermined Canadas credibil-ity, thus squandering our in uence in the region, it has even led to uneasiness amongsome supporters o Israel, who ear the consequences o urther polarization in Canada.

16%

24%

10%

12%

14%

16%

18%

20%

22%

24%

26%

1991 2020

PROPORTION OF FOREIGN-BORN

CANADIAN POPULATION


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Mr. Harper took nearly four years as prime minister to go to India and China, an aston-ishing act making him stand out in an era when world leaders are working hard todevelop deeper relations with the emerging economic giants. Though it was unprec-edented, it was hardly surprising that Chinas Premier Wen openly rebuked him forbeing a laggard when he nally did show up.

Su ering another unprecedented low point, the Harper government had to listenin embarrassment as the visiting U.S. Secretary o State Hillary Clinton took it to task in unusually blunt language on three di erent issues in a single visit: mishandling ameeting o the Arctic countries with a lack o inclusiveness; ignoring evidence andexperience about maternal health in the Third World by reversing Canadas decadesold consensus on abortion; and a continuing and stubborn reluctance to clari y whatCanadas role in A ghanistan will be a ter the end o its combat mission in 2011.

Such ailures demonstrate an underlying approach in which all oreign policy is transacted solely on thebasis o votes at home.

Canada cannot a ord to continue alling behind more ambitious countries. No one is waiting or us.A ghanistan is o course, a signi cant exception. Canadian troops have ought bravely and e ectivelyalongside our NATO allies. Our diplomats and aid workers have also distinguished themselves in pro oundlydifcult circumstances. But in every other region, and every other eld o endeavour, Canada is losingpresence and losing ground. Our 20th century reputation as constructive players on the international scenehas not vanished rom memory, but it has certainly aded rom view. It will have to be earned anew in thisnew century, through action, not nostalgia.

Thankfully, millions of Canadians understand and embrace global opportunity. Many of our citizens,especially young Canadians, are working in international development, doing business abroad, andstudying overseas. Many of our universities have created new programs in international a airs to harnessand ocus the energies o young people eager to engage constructively with the world. Our artists andscientists compete success ully and collaborate con dently with their peers among the worlds best. But

they know they know rom experience around the globe they could do so much more with enlightenedand practical leadership rom their government. They deserve a government that embraces the world in allits diversity, rather than one that trades in division and suspicion.

Governments matter in international a airs today, but not as they did in the last century. The world is evermore complex. This is as true o con ict as it is o commerce. In the cold war, con ict and tensions couldusually be understood through the lens o rivalry between two superpowers. But today there are multiplenew centres o economic and political power in a multi-polar world. In the last century, we could ocus onsimple exports and imports. But today, deeply integrated global value chains drive business strategies andinvestments in which all the elements o a nished product - research, development, design, manu acturing,marketing, distribution and more - are disaggregated and located or lowest cost around the planet and re-integrated with the use o cutting edge in ormation and transportation technology.

Ours is a networked world, and this is good news or Canada.Today, in uence is concentrated at the centres o globe-spanning networks, much more than at the top o oldhierarchies. In the networked world, the best connected arethe most success ul. Those able to work across boundaries,across oceans, within global partnerships, connecting betweengovernments, business, and civil society, bridging cultures,speaking languages, embracing diversity and mediatingdi erence those people will excel in this century. And thosepeople are Canadians.

t 21 c i i c i glwo o w bb wo l , i

wo l , pow i o goi g o b b w o go o , biggco o o bigg . I go-

i g o b b w o oco c w o ow ow o

o co c io .

- Ann Marie Slaughter -Director o Policy Planning, US State Department, ormer Dean o

the Woodrow Wilson School o Public and International Afairs


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Canada In the WOrLd: What and hOW tO ChanGeThere are two undamental objectives or Canada in the World:

SecureC p o p i or the long term by creating the jobs o tomorrow,engaging with the world con dently and creatively today; and

Make thewo l o c pl c, by contributing to rising livingstandards or all, environmental responsibility and respect or human rights.

The two objectives amount to a single act: our values and our interests point in the same direction.Liberals believe that in an interconnected world, sel -interest and altruism are inextricable. Doing what wecan to improve the lot o others is the right thing to do. But its also smart. Well prosper in a more stable,more equitable world, a world sa e or commerce. Our children will prosper i we dont sap the planetsecosystems o their ability to support uture generations as well.

Peace in the troubled regions of the globe also matters to Canada, because of our deep human connectionsto every one of those regions. Most Canadians who are part of global diasporas chose Canada for its peacstability and prosperity. Here, new Canadians, indeed all Canadians can reconcile di erences, deepenrespect or diversity, and live in peace and prosperity. Canadians o all origins expect that their leaders donot exploit ethnic divisions or political gain, and that they will never hesitate to discourage and opposeviolence used or advocated or political purposes.

Canada, o course, also has interests in preventing con ict and instability abroad in order to maintain ourown security. In the globalized world o the 21 st century it is not only commerce and in ormation that travelrapidly. Hatred and violence bred in the ar corners o the globe where instability esters can cross bordersand oceans rapidly. Our security is there ore connected to stability in many lands.

The old rhetorical debate that orced choices between interests and values is pass. So is another alsechoice between continued closeness to the United States versus intensi ying economic relations withemerging economies. We must have both. And in a networked world, the two will be mutually rein orcing,not mutually exclusive. In an integrated economy, the Canada-US partnership will remain crucial to ourprosperity. Vast and deep amily ties will continue to link us. But it would be oolish to continue ignoring theshi t in the worlds economic centre o gravity toward Asia. Its a matter o understanding how the world ischanging, and acting to make the best possible uture in it or Canadians.

LeveraGInG GLOBaL netWOrks

A Liberal approach to Canada in the World will be based on our interests, our values and an understandingo the power o global networks. A Liberal government would implement Canadas rst Global NetworksStrategy, cutting across what previous governments have treated as the separate silos o diplomacy, trade,de ence, overseas development and culture.

Leveraging Canadas strengths will require leveraging our opportunities in networks, at home and abroad.The ederal government is uniquely placed to lead in this task. It is responsible or Canadas ofcial presenceand representation on the ground in all countries o the world, and consular support to all Canadiansabroad. It is also responsible or our bilateral relations and our membership in a wide range o political andspecialized multilateral bodies. These ormal responsibilities underpin a vital power to convene a wide rangeo players at home, connecting with sources o in uence and action well beyond ederal government circles.Away rom home, Canadas convening power is nourished by our reputation as honest brokers, ree o anycolonial past.

But leveraging networks is a task that demands not only the exercise o traditional responsibilities, butalso a new willingness, and new capacities, to connect and collaborate with partners in the private sector,other governments, civil society, academia and the ull range o international counterparts. Its a task or


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those who have explored the world, and understand it. It s a task or those who understand Canadas mostenduring strengths, and are willing to apply them in new ways to new challenges.

The Global Networks approach will require a new kind o leadership rom the ederal government bothat home and abroad. The days have long since passed when the Department o Foreign A airs and

International Trade had a monopoly on Canadas interests abroad, or on international economic relations.Today, many actors contribute to Canadas presence in the world, rom the transportation executivesproviding mass transit rolling stock to China, to Waterloo so tware engineers conquering oreign markets, tothe Canadian doctor who headed Mdecins Sans Frontires, to the global artistic genius of Cirque du SoleilAll re ect Canadian interests and values. All ourish not by asser ting power in a hierarchical sense, but byunderstanding the needs and desires o people in other lands, and mastering global networks o humanrelationships to get things done.

And yet none o these private sector, civil society or cultural leaders have the legitimacy to articulate thecountrys overall priorities and objectives in the world. Thats what the ederal government must do. It mustalso represent those objectives with oreign governments energetically. But ultimately to achieve real resultsin todays networked world, the ederal government must be prepared to act in collaboration with manymore partners than it has in the past. That kind o leadership can knit together the many contributions intomore than the sum o their parts. By convening all those who can contribute to a particular shared objective,national leadership can help identi y the tangible results to be sought, and locate concrete responsibilities.So the challenge or both the political leadership and ederal ofcials will be creative, dynamic andcollaborative engagement with multiple partners. That applies to the raming o speci c Canadian priorities,pursuing them abroad, and in implementing relevant obligations at home.

The network approach is about how to exercise leadership that re ects a solid grasp o how the world ischanging, and how that change can be harnessed by Canada. A undamental shi t to be sure, but its truesigni cance can only be de ned and appreciated in the context o concrete, substantive actions. In moving

rom how we will pursue Canadian priorities, to what those priorities should be, it must be acknowledgedthat the potential list is nearly endless. But they will only truly be priorities i they are ew. What ollowsare the crucial geographic areas o emphasis, cross-cutting policy imperatives, and de ning concepts thatcomprise the Global Networks Strategy.

PrIOrItIes In the GLOBaL netWOrks strateGy

n w bil l cco p opo wi C i I i. Global Network Agree-ments will take a long-term approach to deepening relationships between governments,industries, and other actors in strategic sectors that drive 21 st century economic relations.

Revitalized engagement with theu i s m xico, leveraging the vast rangeo cross-border interactions among all levels o government, business, universities,individuals, and cultural and other non-governmental groups.

A new, inclusive approach toC no i io l a c ic gio,

based on partnership with the people o the North, con dent engagement withnorthern countries, and a new multilateral agreement to advancecooperation on social, economic, environmental and security issues.

Reversing Canadas recent drift away froma ic , supporting innovative new ways to em-power A ricans, build capacity or stable, transparent government and encourage privateinvestment;

An integrated approach to lop , based on Canadas inter-relatedstrengths in de ence, diplomacy and development, the three Ds. What troubled statesneed most is assistance building stable, transparent governance. There ore a Liberal gov-ernment will mobilize Canadian expertise rom within and beyond ederal departments


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and agencies. Our tradition of P c , O Goo Go will provide theoverarching ramework or integrating across the three Ds.

Canadas battle-hardened military will serve this human development agenda, whereall diplomatic e orts are exhausted, through Canadas return to United Nations-backed

p c op io . Another Canadian-inspired idea, r po ibili o P o c, will ensurethat military intervention is truly a last resort, but that when sovereign states ail to pro-tect their people and the international community mobilizes to stop large-scale harm toinnocent life (for example in genocide and ethnic cleansing), Canada will be there.

A muscular approach to renewing Canadian l il li , working toward re orm o old organizations where necessary, building new ones, particularly the G-20, and ullyleveraging Canadas memberships in many global bodies to advance our objectives. Athome, a Liberal government will work with provincial governments to seek consensus inadvance, and support or implementing obligations we consider in multilateral negotia-tions.

AB i g C program, working with the private sector, artists and academia to

make Canadian strengths, especially in higher education and culture, more widely knownin key oreign markets.

Action to regain credibility for Canada in g cli c g . Regaining lostground in pursuit o clean energy jobs in the lower-carbon economy o tomorrow isessential, and will require new policies and collaboration with all provinces, and interna-tional counterparts.

GLOBaL netWOrk aGreements WIth ChIna and IndIaCanada must act boldly and con dently to seize its opportunities with the major emerging economies thatare shaping the uture. A Liberal government will reach out to key partners and negotiate groundbreaking

agreements to deepen ties and build long-term relationships in economic, knowledge and cultural spheres.The priority will be our o er to negotiate Glob l network agreeme ts with Chi d I di . The proposedGlobal Network Agreements will provide rameworks or accelerating interchange and strengtheningnetworks in strategic elds that refect the breadth o opportunity between Canada and these emerginggiants. Those elds could include some o the ollowing:

Trade and investment

Financial services

Transportation, logistics and global value chains

Higher education, research and development

Energy, natural resources and sustainability Water and other environmental technology

and expertise

Global health

Food safety and security

Culture, entertainment and tourism

Immigration


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A new model is now required or bilateral economic agreements. There has been little innovation inthis regard since the Canada-US Free Trade Agreement. And yet since that time, the nature o economicinteractions in the rapidly evolving global economy has changed dramatically. Simple exports and importso goods produced entirely in one country and sold in another are a shrinking component o global wealthcreation. Complex, rapid, multi-directional ows o knowledge, people, and value chain inputs todaydrive prosperity. Governments can play important roles in acilitating those ows, and their policies andregulations can inadvertently impede them. Relationships that transcend borders and cross oceans mattermore than ever. In the emerging economies, particularly China and India, relationships among both publicand private sector counterparts are essential currency. But they require sustained commitment. GlobalNetwork Agreements will mandate ongoing action to oster mutually bene cial relationships at all levels,and to acilitate the ows driving 21 st century commerce.

At home, Global Network Agreements will embody a Liberal governments strong commitment tonational leadership and partnership with the ull range o players who wish to collaborate, in all levels o government, the private sector, academia and civil society. In particular, diaspora communities in Canada,as well as Canadians living abroad, will be engaged as key elements o the human networks that can driveeconomic opportunities to new levels.

The proposed Global Network Agreements will include highest-level leadership commitments to acilitateand support ormal and in ormal interchange at the government-to-government level, as well as betweenprivate sectors, institutions o higher learning, and other interested organizations in each o the selectedsectors. They will mandate jointly developed programs o action with speci c timelines and deliverables.The Canadian government will draw on the energy and ideas o all its partners to identi y innovative andmutually bene cial initiatives to esh out the Agreements.

Renewed Team Canada missions will be part of the Global Network Agreements. Modernizing theprevious, success ul model, each mission would be ocused on one or several o the highlighted sectors,include a ormalized program to support sustained interaction rather than one-o events, and call orreciprocal visits by a similar range o leaders rom the partner country to Canada.

Other countries may also be interested in building partnerships under new Global Network Agreements.The model could be e ective in advancing Canadas engagement with countries like Brazil, Russia, SouthAfrica, Turkey, Indonesia and others over time. Russia, for example, is a country with whom Canada coulddoing much more to partner in numerous vital areas: oil and gas equipment, agriculture, arctic mapping andclimate change concerns. O course, new bilateral agreements will not diminish the pursuit o a multilateralagreement in the World Trade Organization that is in Canadas interests.

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2.0

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6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

2008 2009 2010 2011

Real GDP Growth (%)

REAL GDP GROWTHChina

India

ASEAN 5*

Canada

US

* ASEAN 5: Indonesia, Malaysia, Phillipines, Thailand and Vietnam


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Were a big country and we dont need to be ear ul orde ensive about embracing the world in this manner. O course we have national interests, and standing up or themrequires a stronger presence in the world on the part o government and business. Sometimes, strong support o the Canadian interest will mean care ul scrutiny o overtures

rom other countries, or example in takeovers by oreigngovernment-controlled companies in sensitive industries.We will support our national champions, and protect thesa ety and security o Canadians. But well be better able

to do that within robust and mature relationships with other countries. A Global Network Agreement willprovide the vehicle both or pursuing mutual interests and sa eguarding national interests.

The same is true or human rights. In the 21 st century, it is outdated and one-dimensional thinking whichholds that the way to enhance human rights around the world is to have one oreign minister haranguinganother or the bene t o the cameras.

Today, human rights and human opportunity are advanced through networks - through the myriadinteractions not only o political leaders, but those o commerce and exchange o knowledge, throughdevelopment assistance, sharing governance expertise, dialogue among religions, youth and culturalexchanges, education, travel, and tourism; through people connecting digitally and ace to ace. In otherwords, i we deepen and broaden human interactions, we will advance human rights. Global Network Agreements will help this cause by expanding human interactions, and building a more mature relationshipin which dialogue ourishes over time.

Global Network Agreements will also provide a healthy, respect ul atmosphere or government-to-government dialogue on human rights. In the context o a long-term and robust commitment to deepeningrelations, Canadians can expect ruit ul exchanges to become the norm. O course, international agreementsalone will not solve all the worlds human rights issues. Respect for international law will remain essential,though insufcient.

C i a i -P ci c n io , with nearly our million Canadians o Asian descent, extensive amily,cultural, and economic links, and the closest seaports and efcient air routes linking North America andAsia in a constant two-way ow o goods, people and knowledge. With China and India emerging as worldleaders in economic development, other Asian nations such as Indonesia and Viet Nam growing rapidly, andlong-standing partners like Japan and South Korea, Canadas uture in a rapidly changing global economy isincreasingly Asia- ocused.

Under the Global Networks Strategy, Canada will embrace this uture. That means more energetic leadershiprom the ederal government at home and abroad. It means working with diaspora communities, promoting

Asian language instruction, and deeper knowledge o Asian cultures among Canadian ofcials and businesspeople. It means working with provinces and institutions o higher learning to oster much greater presencein key Asian markets o Canadian expertise in learning, and acilitation o the constant ow o studentsbetween Canada and partners in the Asia-Paci c. These are just some of the areas in which Global NetwoAgreements will provide signi cant new impetus.

The Canadian oreign service must play an expanded role in deepening Canadas ties with Asia. So mustofcials and experts in many other unctional areas such as trade, transportation, natural resources,energy, agri- ood, nance where uture success depends extensively on deeper understanding andstronger relations with Asian counterparts.

Still, Canadas future as an Asia-Paci c nation relies on actions well beyond the public sector. Canadianbusiness has long relied on a cheap dollar, and proximity to the United States. While the US will remain ourmost important economic partner, our uture cannot be one-dimensional. Innovative entrepreneurs willbecome as amiliar with China as their predecessors were with the United States its needs, its trends, itsdiverse regions, people, customs, history, culture, niche markets, and o course its language.

t c g goi g o i a i o p o o I i i o i g

C i w o o l o l bw o , w o l loo w i i w

goi g o o bo i , ow w goi go p icip i i i oppo i .

- Dominic Barton -Global Managing Director, McKinsey & Company


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In 2005, the Liberal government launched it the Paci c Gateway Strategy, having worked extensively withthe government o British Columbia, which has continued to play a leadership role in promoting links withAsia. The Harper government continued the transportation aspects o the Strategy, but narrowed its ocus,and appeared to lose interest a ter its in rastructure unds were committed, and relations with China souredas a result o politically motivated and unnecessary provocations rom Ottawa.

The gateway concept represented a promising opportunity or building relations with signi cant tradepartners by convening key players all along transportation supply chains, and uni ying them behind ashared goal expanding trade ows in both directions. The private sector showed up and did its part,but ederal political leadership was not sustained beyond the sod-turning photo ops. Indeed, the Harpergovernment has failed to bring forward two new promised gateway strategies, many months after thedeadlines set out in ormal agreements with provincial governments in Atlantic and central Canada.

The opportunity remains or ederal leadership, working in a sustained, networked ashion with partnersin the private sector and others, to advance long-term Canadian economic interests by deepeningrelationships with counterparts in Asia. While trade policy could once aim to support Canadian interestsat the beginnings and ends o export routes, today the goal must be to help Canadian businesses investand integrate in the global chains and webs that drive 21 st century commerce. In other words, our uture

prosperity requires a Global Networks Strategy.

reneWInG PartnershIPs In nOrth amerICaCanadas geographic, economic and cultural advantagesin a North American market o nearly 500 million peoplewill remain among our major strategic assets in a rapidlychanging world. Over $1.5 billion worth o goods and servicescross the Canada-US border every day as part o the largestcommercial relationship between any two countries in theworld. But it is a relationship about so much more thanexports and imports. In recent years, the integrated markethas meant that more than just selling things to each other,Canadians and Americans make things together and sellthem to themselves and the world.

However, the thickening of the shared border is undermining the vitality of the economic relationship.Implementation o a range o security-related measures by U.S. has put into question cross-border businessstrategies. Canadians readily understand, support and share the security concerns o the United States.We also know that more innovative methods can and must be ound to integrate security with efciency,and constantly improve the administration o that border over which so much recreational, social, amily,industrial and intellectual energy ows. However, much depends on a widespread awareness in the U.S. o the stakes, especially their own stakes, in the trade relationship, and the crucial role the border plays in it.And that takes a great deal o hard work and imagination.

And yet, under its laissez- aire approach, the Harper government has sat back and missed opportunities.Its response to the Buy American legislation was too little and too late, built around a photo-op agreementa ter most o the U.S. stimulus money had been spent. Furthermore, the ederal government has ailed totake advantage o the ull range and ull power o the vast array o relationships and shared interests thatstill transcend that thickening border.

As part o the Global Networks Strategy, a Liberal government will lead and collaborate with Canadians athome, as well as the more than one million who live and work in the United States to i p o l o

ic C -us l io ip i a ic. Every day, provincial ofcials, local mayors, businesspeople, scientists, academics and average citizens rom the two countries are interacting. With enlightened

Photo: Jean-Marc Carisse


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leadership rom the ederal government not the command and control which has become the un ortunatenorm in recent years the power o those relationships can be harnessed in support o the overall objective:keeping the shared stakes and common interests ront and centre. With many thousands o jobs in Canadadepending on the Canada-US economic partnership, our economy cannot a ord the steady decline o thepast our years in our relevance and pro le in the U.S. on every issue with the possible exception o the warin A ghanistan.

A Liberal government will also explore the possibility o new, i i i go gi g bo , in order to contain and reverse its thickening in recent years, while

maintaining the highest levels o security.

Canadians and Americans o ten share common perspectives and a Liberal government will wo coll bo i l wi u i s i l il l i g, building larger alliances with likemindednations, and reaching out to bridge di erences with others. This is an important acet o the relationship,but one apparently escaping the attention o Canadas current leadership. While we must not hesitate todi er with the U.S. where our interests diverge, we must also be con dent enough to support the U.S. wherewe share objectives. An important example is the technical capabilities (particularly around veri cationtechniques) Canada can contribute to multilateral e orts on nuclear non-proli eration, a high priority o theU.S. Administration, and nuclear disarmament. Another example is the development o the internationalcommunitys capacity and policy rigour underpinning peace operations. The new U.S. National Securitypolicy, released by the White House in May, 2010 highlights the concept of Responsibility to Protect,which was developed with considerable Canadian leadership, and adopted by the United Nations (seePeace, Order and Good Government section below). This convergence o ers a signi cant opportunityto collaborate with the U.S. in the multilateral sphere. Seizing these and other opportunities can advanceCanadian interests while continuing to strengthen the Canada-U.S. relationship.

The Canada-US relationship on energy is important, and holds great potential or urther bene t to both sides.Canadian provinces export and import a variety o energy products, and advancing collaboration with theUS will strengthen continental and global e orts to reduce the carbon emissions that cause climate change.Canada has not kept pace with much more ambitious e orts south o the border to develop clean energy, butcatching up and succeeding in the North American market will be a priority or a Liberal government.

Much more must be done to advance shared interests and opportunities in the energy/environmentsphere. Rather than waiting for others to act, as the Harper government insists on doing, a Liberalgovernment would engage American counterparts in the Administration and Congress proactively on keyissues including: carbon pricing, research and development or standards and regulation, clean energytechnologies, cooperation on electricity transmission grid development, and transportation.

PartnershiP with Mexico

Building Canadas relationships with Mexico is another vital task. A neighbour and partner in North Americand in many substantive areas, Mexicos further success matters to Canada. A range of shared interestspoint to bilateral and trilateral priorities or cooperation including: ghting protectionism in North America,international action on climate change, and supporting Mexicos e orts and progress on domestic security.A Liberal government will also work with Mexico toward the objective of phasing out the visa requirementfor Mexican citizens visiting Canada, while addressing Canadas concerns regarding refugee claims.

Canadas nOrth and theInternatIOnaL arCtIC reGIOnCanada is an Arctic nation, and should be playing a leadershiprole, in collaboration with all Arctic people and all Arcticcountries, to sa eguard the well-being o Arctic residents,stewardship o the sensitive Northern environment, its cultures,its economic development and security.


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A new approach to Canadas North, and the international Arctic region is essential, one which will movebeyond ag planting, hollow rhetoric and grandstanding about sovereignty. A Liberal government will ocuson the social needs among the peoples o Canadas north, as well as their knowledge, ideas, and energy.Canada will lead international cooperation on climate change, environmental stewardship, responsibleresource development, future shipping through the Northwest Passage, security, culture, and more. Thebest path to strengthening Arctic sovereignty involves partnership with those Canadians who call the Arctichome. They know the region best, and are the most able to shape a new set o priorities.

The Canadian government must be a strong partner with Northerners, and a strong ally with otherArctic Nations, ostering shared interests, building and strengthening multilateral institutions. Canadiansovereignty will not be undermined, but Canadian interests - particularly those shared with Northernpartners - will be more e ectively advanced when our sovereignty is exercised more strategically. TheArctic is an excellent example o the Canadian interest being most e ectively pursued rom the centre o anetwork, rather than through an attempt to dictate terms rom the top o an old- ashioned hierarchy.

A skillfully applied multilateralism will be necessary to build essential partnerships with Russia and the UnitedStates, both o whom have interests in Arctic issues, as well as the other Arctic nations and indigenous peoples.

As part o its simplistic approach, the Harper government has downgraded Canadas participation in theArctic Council, an innovative and success ul multilateral body, and eliminated the position o Ambassador

or Circumpolar A airs.

A Liberal Government would reverse these mistakes, appointing a w a b o o Ci c pola i , energizing Canadas participation in the Arctic Council, and would go urther by proposing a wi io l g o a c ic. Such an agreement would bring together all members o the ArcticCouncil, including indigenous leadership, to ormalize cooperation on environmental stewardship, economicand social development, transportation, search and rescue, and security. It could also mandate a jointmapping exercise o Arctic lands and waters to help establish international protected lands, oceans, sheriesand wildli e, sacred indigenous sites, and urther cooperation on security. A Liberal government would alsoact to bli p c ior the Arctic Council in Canada. It would support negotiations orthe new international agreement, and capacity building or ull participation in this exercise.

BuILdInG a neW PartnershIP WIth aFrICaIt is time to reverse the slide away rom A rica. The Global NetworksStrategy will extend the hand o partnership to those most in need.That means ocusing rst where extreme poverty - not short-termpolitical opportunity exists. It also means encouraging privateinvestment, and building capacity o A rican states to serve theirpeople. At a time when a renewed commitment to the MillenniumDevelopment Goals is more essential than ever, the developed worldmust engage with A ricans at all levels.

In 2009 the Harper government changed Canada internationalaid targets dramatically, with virtually no public or Parliamentarydiscussion. It shi ted aid away rom sub-Saharan A rica countries tomiddle-income Latin American countries. The government removedeight A rican countries rom the list o priority aid recipients. This

ollowed a reduction in A rican aid by $700 million in June 2007.

And now, overseas development assistance has been rozen by the government or the oreseeableuture. A Liberal government will return A rica to the top o our aid priorities, matching Canadian

resources, capacities, and economic interests with the greatest needs. The continent is the location o adisproportionate number o the worlds poor, the worlds con icts, and crushing diseases like HIV-AIDSand malaria. It will also bear the brunt o the impacts o climate change. These acts make the Harper


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governments slide away rom A rica short-sighted at best. But A rica is also a continent o change.Opportunities exist to build new partnerships and make progress on issues not thought possible in the past.

At the same time, we must move beyond stale debates about the necessary amounts o oreign aid.Although more money or the poorest countries may help, experts are increasingly looking at new ideas

and alternative methods o supporting growth in the developing world. The key is not how much moneyto spend, rather how to empower people. Canada must be a leader in advancing innovative new ways o assisting A rican states that are developing their economies, attracting private investment, and deliveringservices to their citizens. Micro- nance has proven e ective in many circumstances, and there is potential

or encouraging more private investment on larger scales in A rica, thus leveraging private sector potentialrather than injecting Canadian taxpayers money into dys unctional states. Canada will need to ocussharply on where its partnership and interventions can really make a di erence in A rica.

marshaLLInG Canadas strenGths In humandeveLOPment

A key part o the Global Networks Strategy, a highly integrated approach to lop will notonly span the traditional silos o de ence, diplomacy and development, but will also leverage Canadas ullrange o strengths ostering greater coherence, synergy and impact on the ground than has ever beenachieved in the past.

Peace, order and Good GovernMent

In most troubled nations, the most pro ound need is support to build stable and transparent go c ,based on the rule o law and respect or human rights. Experience has shown vast quantities o oreign aidprovide no lasting change where a people cannot govern themselves. So aid must go together with thebuilding o stable states, with police, nancial administration, justice and healthcare systems, or example.Governance in post-con ict states requires expertise in the building o institutions that success ully managediversity, and prevent urther con ict. Canadas historical strengths and contemporary capabilities are

well-suited to meeting these needs. In addition to a wide range o civilian, public administration elds, ourmilitary will move on at the close o its combat mission in A ghanistan experienced and proven not onlyin war- ghting, but in supporting state-building, training, leadership development and in engaging localpopulations to orge alliances that actually improve peoples lives on the ground.

Ideas matter in human development, and two distinctlyCanadian ideas will be at the ore ront. The over-archingconcept will be P c , O Goo Go a highly practical doctrine that underpins Canadas ownconstitution. It will provide the rame o re erence or not justa whole-of-government program, but a whole-of-Canadae ort to marshal our governance expertise within and beyond

ederal departments and agencies.

Canadians have long been sharing their expertise indeveloping, emerging and rebuilding states around the globe. For example, Engineers Without Borders,

ounded by two young Canadians in 2000, comprises 50,000 volunteers and 34 pro essional and studentchapters applying the creativity, technical skills and problem-solving ability or which engineers areknown, working with rural A ricans. Canadians are particularly active in elections administration, nancialadministration, policing and justice, all critical areas in many developing countries. Since 2004 the RCMPhave deployed 120 o cers to the UN Stabilization Mission in Haiti. These men and women have made asigni cant contribution to criminal justice and human rights standards, working closely with the HaitianNational Police, and providing valuable skills training. These are examples of major contributions to humandevelopment around the world, but the e orts o Canadians could be better leveraged through moree ective partnership, support and leadership rom the Canadian government.

t ol io o will b o i g co o i o ,

i i i i o j i o i w ll o g o i g

i g i 3-d.

- Marie Bernard Meunier -Visiting Scholar, German Institute or International and Security Afairs,

ormer Canadian Ambassador to Germany, the Netherlands and UNESCO


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A Liberal government will make Canadian ppo o P c O Goo Go b oacentral priority by creating a capacity to broker, coordinate and und deployments o Canadian governancesupport and exper tise, rom both within ederal agencies, and beyond including other governments,retired pro essionals, the private sector and NGOs. That ederal coordination capacity will include osteringinnovation, providing training, harvesting lessons learned and sharing best practices rom deployments.These e orts will channel Canadian good will and expertise more e ectively, and contribute substantivelyto con ict prevention, con ict resolution, leadership development, the building o democratic institutions,and the spread o human rights and economic stability in post-con ict states.

Under the umbrella of Peace, Order and Good Government, the doctrine ofr po ibili o P o c(R2P)will provide a rigorous ramework or preventing and addressing con ict and mass-scale human rightsabuse. The doctrine emphasizes that sovereign states have an obligation to protect their citizens rom harm,and when they do not, the international community must make every possible diplomatic e ort to coercethem to do so. When a sovereign state will not or cannot protect its people, R2P requires intervention ofthe international community, including military intervention as a last resort, in UN-mandated operations tostop large-scale loss o innocent lives, such as in genocide or ethnic cleansing. By advancing the acceptanceand implementation of R2P, formally adopted by the UN General Assembly in 2005, Canada will not bedragged into con icts haphazardly, or act as a boy scout trying to break up ghts wherever they occur.What principled support for R2P does mean, however, is that when the world must act to stop large-scaleslaughter o innocent people, Canada will be there with a highly skilled, battle-hardened military capacity,experienced in the complexities o modern con ict.

Canada is well-placed to make an important contribution to this area, as in many others, by buildingknowledge networks. A Liberal government will establish a c o xc ll c i co fic p io

ol io . It will bring together experts and practitioners rom around the world to deepen knowledgeabout ethnic and other con icts, and whatmethods work best to prevent and resolvethem. It will also contribute to the knowledgebase needed or implementation by theUnited Nations of the Responsibility toProtect doctrine on a global basis.

Some have called or a return to Canadastraditional role as one o the worlds leadingpeacekeepers. In 2009, the United Nationsdeployed more peacekeepers that ever be ore ve times the number o ten years ago.There were almost 100,000 military and policepersonnel in 15 UN missions around the globe.Yet, while the number and the need or UNpeacekeepers has never been greater, Canadascontribution has never been smaller. Whereonce we contributed about 3,300 troops, todaywe are contributing 57, and about 121 police

ofcers, spread over 12 existing UN missions.However, traditional peacekeeping hasevolved signi cantly since Canada beganvacating the eld. Increasingly, deploymentsare undertaken to more complex and o tendangerous situations, better described as peace-making. They increasingly involve combat. A Liberalgovernment would develop a new leadership role or Canada in todays United Nations p c op io . Itwould include training, commanding and deploying personnel where it is clear that a mission is consistentwith Canadas interests, values and capabilities. This direction will be another important element o a broad,Canadian approach to human development.

-

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

1993 1997 2001 2005 2009

CDN POLICE AND MILITARY

PERSONNEL IN UN MISSIONS

Military

Police


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afGhanistan

Canadas role with NATO in A ghanistan was the right mission at the right time. The mission remains anhonourable one, supporting security and development or men and women in a troubled land previouslygoverned by a retrograde Taliban regime, which provided sa e haven to the Al-Qaeda architects o terror attacks,including those o September 11, 2001.

Canadas sacri ce has been pro ound. Nearly 150 men and women have lost their lives, with many more acingdisabilities and post-traumatic stress disorder. The government estimates it is spending nearly $1.7 billion thisyear in incremental costs on the mission, compared to $39 million or all other Canadian overseas militarymissions combined. This worthy, dangerous mission will intensi y in the summer o 2010, with the likelihoodo more Canadian casualties through the rest o this year, and into 2011. Canadian veterans deserve the bestpossible care and support once home, and to that end the Veterans Charter must be adjusted to refect thecircumstances they ace today.

The Harper government has re used to lead any discussion about whether Canada should play a role inA ghanistan a ter the completion o the combat mission in 2011, and i so, what orm it would take.

The purpose o the mission, rom its beginning, has been to help the people o A ghanistan become able to

govern themselves and assume responsibility or their own security. That task will not be completed at theend o Canadas combat role.

In light o its hard-won credibility, the sacri ce o those who made it possible, and long-standing solidaritywith our NATO allies, Canada should pursue a po -co b ol , o x p io , b o i i g o police and military personnel in a sta college setting in Kabul, and ci ili c p ci -b il i ginvarious areas o public administration vital to building stable, competent and transparent governance inA ghanistan. The objective is to help the A ghan people build a better uture or themselves. A responsible,transparent decision process on such a role will require the Harper government to engage in dialogueand provide information to the Canadian public, and Parliamentarians. Its exercise of these democraticobligations is overdue.

Contributing to the capacity o the A ghan people to govern themselves e ectively continues to be inCanadas interest. I they do not achieve that goal, the country risks becoming again the sa e haven romwhich Al-Qaeda could resume its previous threats and planning against western democracies. Building onhard-won gains to help achieve e ective governance would there ore enhance our own security, and helpjusti y Canadas contribution to training and governance capacity-building a ter the combat mission.

Any post-combat presence or Canada must also include a substantive role in the diplomatic process andany political talks on A ghanistans uture. A Liberal government would appoint a sp ci l e o to thepeace process or the region.

Under the Harper government, A ghanistan has seemed to represent the entirety o Canadas role in theworld. Apart rom partisan rhetoric and the occasional photo op, there has been little else. Under a Liberalgovernment, an experienced and resourced military will be a signi cant asset in the service o a muchbroader vision o Canadas international opportunities, obligations and pursuit o our interests beyondA ghanistan. The practical ramework or that vision is the comprehensive approach to human developmentdescribed above, which will marshal Canadas military strengths, together with diplomatic, development,trade and cultural strengths in a whole of Canada engagement with the world, underpinned by Canadian-inspired concepts of Peace, Order and Good Government, and the Responsible to Protect. Under theGlobal Networks Strategy o a Liberal government, Canada will transition rom a narrow ocus on combatin A ghanistan to a broad and ambitious set o objectives or Canada in the world, bringing to bear ourinterests, values and capabilities.


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Middle east Peace

Before the current government came to o ce, Canada was known as a voice of reason in the Middle East,respected by both sides in the Arab-Israeli con ict. The objective o serious diplomacy is to be capable o playing a constructive role, and exerting in uence to advance Canadas interests and those o our allies. TheHarper government has squandered Canadas in uence in the region, because o its simplistic approach. Ithas also polarized debate in Canada or partisan reasons. The Harper approach has sacri ced any possibleCanadian contribution to actual results on the ground. That is a loss that must be reversed.

The objective o Canada must be peace in the region. The short-term objectives must include a reduction inhostilities, economic growth or those who need it most, and a de-escalation o in ammatory rhetoric. Liberalsbelieve in the two-state solution and that true stability in the region can only happen when a sa e, secureand democratic Israel exists in peace beside a viable, safe, secure and democratic Palestinian state. Canada isa riend o Israel, an important, democratic ally, with a right to de end itsel . The targeting o civilians is neveracceptable and should always be condemned by Canada. However, Israeli construction o settlements in EastJerusalem and elsewhere in the Palestinian West Bank continues to be unhelpful and an obstacle to peace.

On these undamental questions, our political leaders must say the same thing whether they are in amosque in Calgary or a synagogue in Montreal. Otherwise, they are just playing politics. Politicians also haa duty to discourage the importing tensions and hostility into Canada. On the contrary, we should try tobring the Canadian experience o tolerance, diversity and principled compromise to bear on the search orsolutions overseas.

Canadians must be realistic about our ability to impact long-standing, entrenched hostilities. We should alsohave the courage and initiative to act where we can, particularly with respect to speci c problems or whichpractical solutions can contribute to progress. For example, Canadians today are contributing to capacity-building in the Palestinian West Bank by helping set up communications systems for security services, andlogistics centre. This is the type o practical work with tangible bene ts that Canada should be leading on amore ambitious scale in more places.

Canada should also continue pressing or more building materials to be allowed into Gaza. This is essentialto enable its people to improve living conditions. It can be done as it must without compromisinglegitimate security concerns o Israel.

overseas develoPMent assistance

The Liberal human development thrust clearly goes well beyond traditional approaches to oreign aid.Modernizing the governments approach will provide the opportunity to remedy serious mistakes of theHarper government. There is no room or ideology in development assistance. And there is no justi cation

or imposing a chill on democratic dialogue on international policy issues through intimidation, threats andpolitically motivated withdrawal o unding. Under the global networks approach, a Liberal government will

w p ip wi C i o g iz io wo i g o i p o li o o oi . Canadian objectives will be best achieved by combining ederal leadership with e ective support

or the networks in which Canadian NGOs, churches and other aith-based groups, womens groups, youthorganizations, labour, academic institutions, individuals and government ofcials are working around theworld every day.

Un ortunately, an ine ective bureaucratic structure or delivering Canadian aid, and a total absence o political will to x it, have meant that both our dedicated ofcials and our inspiring civil society actors havebeen impeded signi cantly. This can and will change. International a airs experts have made promisingproposals or new models to greatly improve efciency, transparency, innovation and responsiveness in aiddelivery. More e ective mechanisms will allow Canada to set and pursue international priorities that matchour government and civil society capabilities against real needs and opportunities in development.

In addition to go c , under a Liberal government Canadian aid will be guided by an overarchingemphasis on the i pp po i l o wo i lopi g wo l. Empowering women


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is o ten the key actor in economic development, small-holder arming, health initiatives, and educationamong others. Vast human potential in many developing countries can be unlocked by ocusing on the roleo women. This will be a central ocus o a Liberal governments approach to development assistance. Othermajor priorities will include ood security, disaster relie and reconstruction, climate change adaptation andwater management. In e ective networks o responsibility, Canada can set concrete goals or world-leadingresults in all o these areas.

Youth service abroad

Canadian youth are a potent force shaping Canadas presence in the world. Many are passionate aboutmaking a di erence, ambitious about what can be achieved abroad, and curious about other cultures andplaces. They are a generation that has grown up with the pervasiveness and power o the internet, and theyknow how to use it to bridge distance. Experience in the world bene ts young Canadians by broadeningtheir horizons. Their humanitarian e orts bene t people in less

ortunate countries, and it bene ts Canada when they returnenriched with ideas, inspiration and practical experience with theworlds diversity and its challenges.

That is why a Liberal government will implement a C yos ic program. It will leverage the energy and engagement o Canadian youth by nancially supporting their volunteer serviceabroad, bringing international experience within reach or greater numbers o young Canadians. Theprogram will also support volunteer service at home.

reneWInG CanadIan muLtILateraLIsmMultilateralism is not a policy choice, but a pragmatic recognition of the world as it is: more than ever, bo

our threats and our opportunities are trans-national. Global terrorism,cybercrime, pandemics and o course instability in international nancethreaten our way o li e, but are not con ned to any states boundaries. Onthe other hand, trade, investment, clean technologies, higher education,are all undamental to our long-term prosperity and are undamentallyglobal in scope.

As a ounding member o the United Nations and NATO, leaders in laFrancophonie, the Commonwealth, NAFTA, APEC and an original advocateo the G-20, Canada is extremely well placed to advance its objectivesin the world by taking a renewed, 21 st century network approach tomultilateralism. That means dedicating sufcient resources to Canadian

engagement in these institutions, as well many specialized, multilateral agencies dealing with a range o issues rom ood sa ety to arms control, where Canada has both an interest and an opportunity to contributeto a larger good. It means embracing the complexity o todays diplomacy, in which only some o the playersare on government payrolls. Multilateralism in the 21st century calls or more nimble political leadership.

Multilateral institutions are essential to advancing Canadas interests and relationships in the Americas. TheOrganization of American States (OAS) and several specialized, a liated bodies play a key role on a rangeo issues, and have still greater potential. They require more ocused attention rom Canadians, including anumber o ministries in the ederal sphere.

Renewed multilateralism will require realistic and determined leadership in the o o blii i io , especially the United Nations - realistic about the considerable imper ections o mostglobal bodies, and determined to achieve improvements. Collective deliberation is indispensible, soengagement in multilateral institutions remains essential in spite of their frustrations. Reforms must bepursued with vigour, especially in the UN, in order to more rmly connect the entitlements o membership

t b b o o C C i wo i g o wo l .

- Jeremy Kinsman -Project Head, Community o Democracies, ormer

Canadian Ambassador to Moscow, the European Union,and High Commissioner in London


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with its obligations, to modernize key bodies to better re ect new realities, and to bring about greateraccountability or results, as well as transparency and efciency.

G-20 and the chanGinG world

The transition taking place rom the G-8 to the G-20 as the worlds leading body or economic cooperationis a compelling example o institutional change, and the absence o nimble leadership on Canadas part.The government has been slow to realize or accept that the G-20 pl c G-8as the worlds pre-eminent body or economic cooperation. In the unique position o hosting overlapping summits o thetwo bodies, Canada could have enhanced its in uence by managing the passing o the torch rom a smallclub ormed in the Cold War, to an emerging body that re ects the world as it is today. Instead, the Harpergovernment clings to its continued membership in the smaller body, oblivious to the inevitable changesthat are occurring, and being led by others. It has also exhibited a haphazard approach to the role o chair,short on thought ul planning and consultation, and long on improvisation driven by partisan tacticalcalculation, and sel -promotion. One un ortunate result has been the astronomical cost o staging theevents, well in excess o one billion dollars, xp p io i o wo l.

The members o the G-20 represent 90 percent o the worlds gross national product. No leader who is serious

about the uture can believe anymore that global challenges ranging rom economic stability to climatechange, to food insecurity and poverty can be adequately addressed without countries like Brazil, Mexico,South A rica, Indonesia, South Korea, China and India at the table. Still, it will take time and e ective leadership

or the new body to develop the institutional maturity, collective processes and knowledge oundation tounderpin its emerging role. In that context, a Liberal government will support a p G-20 c i

o i C , to conduct policy research, engage civil society and private sectors, and advance long-term issues o concern to G20 members. The cost o this secretariat will be less than one percent o the Harpergovernments outlay or the June 2010 summits, and will produce lasting bene ts or Canada and the otherG-20 members, including the sharing o best practices or a ordable organization o summit meetings.

stronG ties with euroPe

Canadas ties to Europe are deeply rooted in our past, and important or our uture. Our $50 billion in

exports to the European Union underlines the economic signi cance o our trans-Atlantic connections,and our two ofcial languages are a testament to shared history and cultural afnities. The uture o theseties can be even more compelling, with ree trade negotiations currently underway. Healthy relations withEuropeans in NATO, and a range o multilateral bodies are key to Canadas interests in many areas. As part o the Global Networks Strategy, relationships with European partners at all levels will continue to be essentialto Canadas prosperity at home and our presence in the world.

collaboration within canada

More e ective collaboration within Canada, with provincial governments, the private sector and civil society, isessential or e ectiveness in many multilateral processes, particularly preparing Canadian positions in advanceo multilateral negotiations, and or implementing Canadian commitments. That was never more evident thanat the Copenhagen con erence on climate change in late 2009. NGOs attacked Ottawa and some provinces;some provinces were pitted against Ottawa, and against each other. Stephen Harper presided over one o Canadas most embarrassing moments on the international stage, seeming not to care enough about the issueto perceive the embarrassment. A new ederal government will need to do much better.

Provincial premiers and mayors have become increasingly active internationally. In a networked world, this isgood for Canada. Provinces have legitimate interests, expertise, and valuable relationships in the internationalsphere. Thats especially evident on Canada-US issues, or example in the ongoing work o the EasternCanadian Premiers and US Governors, and groundbreaking partnership of the Western Climate Initiative.

Un ortunately, part o what they have been doing is lling a vacuum le t by the Harper government. Duringthe four years when Stephen Harper failed to visit China or India, it was good for Canada that Premiers JCharest of Quebec, Gordon Campbell of British Columbia and Dalton McGuinty of Ontario did. But theyneed a partner. The prime minister must lead by supporting the e orts o ellow leaders, and many other


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players in the private sector and civil society, to advance Canadas interests in the world. O course, theprime minister and the ederal government have a unique set o responsibilities internationally. But theywill be much more e ective, in a networked world, i they exercise ederal leadership responsibilities incoordination and partnership with provincial premiers and others.

A Liberal government will cog iz i xp i o p o i cin many subjects o multilateraldiscussion, and put in place the structures and processes necessary to meaning ully engage them in thepreparation or relevant multilateral events. We will also ensure personnel are in place in key posts abroad,mandated to liaise with provinces on issues o substantive interest to them. None o this will compromisethe responsibility o the ederal government to speak or Canada internationally. On the contrary, it will allowCanada to speak more e ectively to the world, with the coherence o an e ectively-led team.

BrandInG Canada FOr suCCess In a netWOrked WOrLdModernized multilateralism will also be supported by a newB i g C initiative in key marketsaround the world, working in collaboration with the private sector, leading artists and academia. Such ane ort is long overdue. Making Canadian strengths more widely understood abroad will bolster all otheraspects o the Global Networks Strategy, and all e orts to advance Canadian interests and values. It will helpboost trade, investment and other strategic sectors highlighted under new Global Network Agreements.Canadas embassies and consulates must be liberated to play a leading role in branding Canada, and reaching

broad audiences overseas, once reed o the muzzling imposed by theHarper government. While the Branding Canada initiative must be eshedout with the bene t o market research and consultation with partners,certain under-promoted aspects o the contemporary Canadian brand arecertain to be central.

Knowledge uels global networks, and learning and higher education isbecoming an increasingly international endeavour as a result. Canada is ina unique position to leverage its reputation or openness, multiculturalismand excellence in this eld. We have some o the best universities inthe world, and have traditionally been a prime destination or studentswishing to study abroad. However, in recent years, Canadas share o

oreign students has declined. And yet, oreign students represent a hugeopportunity or Canada to orge li e-long links with the uture leaders o emerging economies

Canadian expertise in learning and ig c io must be betterpromoted in a more coordinated ashion. Currently many o Canadas

leading institutions o higher learning, and some provinces have established acilities overseas, and work to attract oreign students to study here. But little is done to project this countrys strength in this eld,or to better understand how a Canadian brand could boost the otherwise isolated e orts o individualinstitutions and provinces. As a result, Canada is alling behind other nations, such as Australia and theUnited Kingdom, that are expanding their presence in international education signi cantly. A Liberalgovernment will work with provinces and post-secondary institutions to attract the best and brighteststudents rom major emerging economies to study in Canada and remain connected to Canada on anongoing basis a ter completing studies. We will also support e orts by major Canadian institutions toestablish presence in major emerging markets, and student exchanges that provide Canadians greateraccess to opportunities or oreign study.

A Liberal government will also work with partners to develop practical ways to cultivate ongoing connectionwith oreign alumni o Canadian institutions o higher learning, many o whom hold in uential positionsabroad. In broader terms, the three-million strong Canadian diaspora around the world will be harnessed toin orm, build and promote the Canadian brand.

Another key Liberal initiative will be C Glob l sc ol ip , which will grant outstanding students


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rom lower- and middle income countries ull scholarships to study at Canadian universities. The programwill also oster ongoing connection to Canada a ter graduation through alumni outreach by Canadianembassies and consulates, events with visiting Canadian dignitaries, and online communities and databases.

canadian culture in the world

One o the more egregious errors o the Harper Government has been the abandonment o ederal actionto help bring Canadian culture to the world. A Liberal government will return culture to a prominent placein Canadas international policies. Exports o our cultural industries totalled $5 billion in 2007, but thepotential is ar greater given the dynamism o Canadian creators and burgeoning digital technologies andnew media that help reach global audiences. That reach will be extended through renewal o broadbasedprogramming that supported exports and cultural exchanges but was cancelled or undermined by theHarper government, as well as emphasis o culture within new Global Network Agreements with keypartners. Canadian culture will also be a major ocus o the new Branding Canada initiative.

Canadian creators working in French, English and indeed other languages o the world, contribute toCanadian prosperity and identity, while deepening our connections in a networked world.

netWOrked LeadershIP On enerGy, envIrOnmentand eCOnOmyAnother priority policy area or the Global Networks Strategy is g i o . Leadershipon clean energy, conservation and energy efciency is the key to the jobs o tomorrow as well as the

oundation or a more credible approach to Canadas international obligations to ght climate change.To break the inertia, a new government must work with all Canadian provinces, the various sectors o theenergy industry, a range o counterparts in the United States, and the international community, as wellas constructive and well-in ormed players in civil society. It is, o necessity, a multi- aceted and outwardlooking approach, in contrast with the head-in-the sand denial o the current government.

Responsible development of Canadas rich variety of energyresources and potential should anchor a larger ambition: toearn recognition around the world as a leader in the responsibledevelopment o natural resources in general. Though Canadaseconomy is increasingly diversi ed, natural resources willcontinue to play a key part in our prosperity. But in the globaleconomy, yesterdays strength means little tomorrow withoutconstant innovation. Global markets are demanding ever higherenvironmental standards or resource-based products, as wellas new technologies or environmentally sound managemento natural resources. There is no reason or complacency, butCanada is meeting that challenge. One compelling exampleis that o the Canadian orest industry, which has undergone

trans ormation in its practices, and partnered with ormeropponents to protect orest environments. There are otherworld-leading success stories, as well as areas in which Canada still has much work to do. Still, our abilityto lead the world in responsibly harvested natural resources, as well as the technologies and expertiserequired or modern resource management in emerging markets can be a key driver o long termprosperity or Canada in the years ahead.


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reneWInG FederaL GOvernment CaPaCItyCarrying out the ederal governments work under the Global Networks Strategy will require a revitalized publicservice capacity. The neglect and mismanagement under the Harper government o Canadas diplomatic corps,Trade Commissioner Service, our posts abroad, and international capacity across the government will need tobe corrected. All o these ederal unctions implicated in the Global Networks Strategy have su ered.

For the Department o National De ence, the story has been somewhat di erent. Since 2005-06, as a resulto both Liberal and Conservative budget decisions, Canada`s de ence spending has risen nearly 50 percentand is set to continue growing even a ter the combat mission in A ghanistan has concluded. The LiberalParty, supports the recent investments in the Canadian Forces, but the trajectory for future years must bere-evaluated. A properly-resourced military is essential to our sovereignty and our constructive role in theworld, but is not sufcient on its own. Its a matter o balance.

The government estimates that the annual incremental cost o the combat mission in A ghanistan is nearly$1.7 billion. The Parliamentary Budget O cer has reported that the incremental costs of the mission are evenhigher than what has been disclosed. A ter the combat mission ends by December 2011, a Liberal governmentwill - lloc i c l p i g i b l c across the ull spectrum o de ence,development and diplomacy. A Liberal government will also - l ll jo p oc p og ina post-A ghanistan combat era. A well-resourced military will remain essential, but as one element o a broaderconcept o what Canada does in the world, compared to the narrow view o the current government.

This change will ree up resources to reinvigorate other international capacities across the ederal system,better re ecting the ull range o integrated unctions and orward-looking engagement that will drive theGlobal Networks Strategy. This includes:

Enhanced development assistance to underpin a new Human Development agenda,particularly in A rica;

Renewal of Canadas foreign service, including an expanded, better trained, resourcedand more oreign-based Trade Commissioner Service and diplomatic corps, andrecruitment o Canadians abroad and those at home with relevant private sector andcivil society experience;

Greater capacity across the federal system to support a whole-of-Canada approachto our Peace, Order and Good Government agenda abroad, and support partnership-building in strategic sectors under new bilateral agreements;

The opening of new Canadian posts in strategic markets; and

New initiatives to Brand Canada, support youth volunteer service abroad, and attractthe best and brightest oreign students to Canadian universities.

A Liberal government will enhance Canadas capacity to leverage the global networks that are crucialto our success in todays world, and tomorrows.

u i pl , Lib l go will o p i C i o c l bo o pl c i

wo l , wo i g c p i o g will xc l i w c .

- Michael Ignatieff -Leader o the Liberal Party o Canada


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summary OF COmmItmentsGlobal Network Agreements

Immediately enter into negotiations with China and India to sign Global NetworkAgreements that will deepen our economic, knowledge and cultural ties, and buildrelationships at all levels;

Modernize and renew Team Canada missions with more focused programs, moresustained interactions and reciprocal visits than the previous, success ul model;

Renewing Partnerships in North America

Build additional capacity in the federal government to raise the pro le o the Canada-U.S. relationship within America;

Work with the United States to explore improved administrative arrangements

or the management o our shared border; Engage the White House and Congress proactively on carbon pricing, clean energy,

research and development, electricity transmission grid development and standards,and regulation or new clean technologies in the North American market;

Work with Mexico towards the objective of phasing out the visa requirement for Mexi-can citizens visiting Canada, while addressing Canadas concerns on re ugee claims;

Canadas North and the International Arctic Region

Pursue a new, multilateral agreement on the Arctic to advance cooperation on social,economic, environmental and security issues;

Establish a permanent secretariat for the Arctic Council, and appoint a new Ambassador or Circumpolar A airs;

Building a New Partnership with Africa

Re-engage with Africa, by restoring it to the top of our international aid priorities,invest in governance capacity and private sector growth;

Marshalling Canadas Strengths in Human Development

Make Canadian support for Peace Order and Good Government abroad a central pri-ority by creating a capacity to broker, coordinate and und deployments o Canadiangovernance support and expertise, rom both within ederal agencies, and beyond including other governments, retired pro essionals, the private sector and NGOs;

Advance international e orts to operationalize the doctrine of Responsibility to Protect,a rigorous ramework or preventing con ict and mass-scale abuse o human rights;

Establish an academic centre of excellence in con ict prevention and resolution that brings together experts on ethnic and other con icts

Undertake a new leadership role for Canada in United Nations peace operations.Renewing our commitment to multilateral training, commanding and other militarymissions that are consistent with Canadian interests, values and capabilities


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Pursue a post-combat role in Afghanistan that is focused on the training of policeand military personnel in a sta college setting in Kabul, and civilian governancecapacity-building

Appoint a special envoy to represent Canada in diplomatic e orts in Afghanistan,

Pakistan and the surrounding region Renew partnerships with the many Canadian civil society organizations working

to improve the lives o those most in need;

Adopt an overarching emphasis on empowering women in the developing world as a principal ocus o Canadian development, including in health, educationand economic development;

Include food security, disaster relief and reconstruction, climate change adaptationand water management as additional priorities;

Implement a Canada Youth Service program that nancially supports youth volunteerism,including international volunteer experience;

Renewing Canadian Multilateralism

Strengthen Canadas participation in multilateral organizations;

Pursue reforms at the United Nations that create rmer membership obligations, mod-ernize key bodies, bring greater accountability or results, and enhance transparency;

Support the creation of a permanent G-20 secretariat in Canada, to conduct policyresearch, engage civil society and the private sector, acilitate transition rom the G-8,and support G-20 members in sharing o best practices or the a ordable organizationo summit meetings;

Work with provincial governments in the preparation for relevant multilateral meetings,and implementation o agreements;

Branding Canada for Success in a Networked World

Launch an aggressive Branding Canada initiative to boost trade and investment, leveraging the use o our embassies and consulates abroad;

Create Canada Global Scholarships to provide full scholarships for outstanding students rom lower and middle income countries to study at Canadian universities;

Restore and expand funding for international cultural promotion programming;

Renewing Federal Government Capacity

Reallocate incremental spending after the end of the combat mission in Afghanistan,toward a more balanced investment across the range o de ence, development, diplo-matic unctions and overseas posts, including renewal o Canadas oreign service.

Documents

LPC Global Network Strategy