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LSBB Rock Type :The only undergroundLaboratorySet into aFractured – PorousCarbonateReservoir
LSBB
http://www.deepscience.org
Carbonate Reservoirs
The Rustrel-Fontaine de Vaucluse LSBBA Unique Facility for Deep Carbonate Reservoir Science
Yves GuglielmiGSRC, 3 place Victor Hugo, Case 67, 13331 Marseille cedex 3
Phone: 04 91 10 61 78Mail: [email protected]
2010 i-DUST Conference (Apt, France)
Rustrel
LSBB is located in theSouth-EasternSedimentary Basin Context (France ) :
• Filled with Triassic to Cretaceoussedimentary deposits
• Highly deformed by Pyrenean and Alpine Orogeneses (large structural unitsfolded and bounded by major fault zones)
LSBB
LSBB
(Lamarche et al., 2010)
(Masse, 2003)
Paleo-Geographic Context (age 150 to 70 My) : Outer Carbonate Platform Deposits
LSBB
• Sedimentary rocks• Sub-aqueous• Bio-construction• CaCO3
Burial/Uplift History of LSBB rocks
• about 1 km deep burial(Compaction and diagenetic processes)
• uplift mainly 50 My ago(Tectonic deformations)
• series almost emersed since 50 My(Surface alteration, karstification)
(Lamarche et al., 2010)
Economical and EnvironmentalContexts
LSBBDeep UnderGroundWater Ressources(Fontaine de Vaucluse,Coastal karst, etc.)
CO2 sequestrationIn saline aquifers(A deep sequestration siteClose to Marseille HarbourPetroleum Industries) Carbonate Oil Recovery
(65% of world oil reserves)Shelf Carbonate analogue of KharaibAnd Shu’aiba formations
What is a carbonate environment?Simple Mineral (CaCO3) but highly complex processes
Windward island formed by
Transported and Lithified
Coral Boulders
Onbank transport of
Coral Boulders from coral “platier”
at 15-0 m water depth
1 km
Gravitaryprocess
Diagenesis
Tupai Atoll,
French Polynesia
Courtesy of L. Montaggioni
(Cantrell & Hagerty, 1999)
10 cm
1 m
Arfib
And the result is … Porosity/Permeability Heterogeneity
at all Scales
10 m
GEOLOGICAL CONCEPT
Separate correlated from
non-correlated
heterogeneities,
at the relevant scales
Porosity 27-30 % bv
K: 200 mD
K: 50 mD K: 1 mD
K: 0.3 mD
Poroperm?
Arfib
• How to reconstruct the reservoir architecture and sedimentary facies ?
• How to relate the seismo-stratigraphical reservoir model to rock properties ?
• How to model the properties in 3D ?Upscaling Properties from plug, core, well to inter-well.
• What are the main factors that control fluid movementsin carbonate reservoirs ?
• ….
Some Scientific Challenges
for the characterisation of carbonate reservoirs
How to re-construct the reservoir architecture
and sedimentary facies ?
Stratigraphic andFacies DeterminationOn borehole Cores
Coupling stratigraphicanalyses with seismicimages based ondeterministic concepts ofsequence stratigraphy
3D Reservoir Architecture
Challenge : Improve the concepts used to reconstruct carbonate 3D architectures by the
integration of subsurface and outcrop data
After Kerans & Tinke, 1995
• How to reconstruct the reservoir architecture and sedimentary facies ?
• How to relate the seismo-stratigraphical reservoir model to rock properties ?
• How to model the properties in 3D ?Upscaling Properties from plug, core, well to inter-well.
• What are the main factors that control fluid movementsin carbonate reservoirs ?
• ….
Some Scientific Challenges
for the characterisation of carbonate reservoirs
Ex. of the Malampaya
Tertiary Carbonate
Fournier & Borgomano (2006)
1 mm
How to relate the seismo-stratigraphical reservoir model to rock properties ?
1km
50ms
MA-1 MA-5 MA-2
Porosity Synthetic
seismogram
Protected inner shelf Reefal / peri-reefal envt
Forereef Deeper slope
Meteoric / Burial cements
(Type IIIb diagenetic unit)
Fournier & Borgomano (2006)
Fournier & Borgomano (2006)
Significance of seismic reflexions ?
Depositional architectures
overprinted by diagenetic transformations
Malampaya Field
30 % porosité
V K V K
Eberli, Massafero, 2003
Elastic rock properties not simply related
to density and porosity: critical impact of pore types
Significance of seismic reflexions?
Sedimentary textures
overprinted by diagenetic transformations
Fontaine de Vaucluse – LSBB Reservoir :Strong porosity variations within the stratigraphic column
N
S
Fontaine de Vaucluse – LSBB :Significance of seismic signalsDepositional architectures overprinted by tectonic transformations (Maufroy et al., Seismic Tomography, submitted )
N
S
• How to reconstruct the reservoir architecture and sedimentary facies ?
• How to relate the seismo-stratigraphical reservoir model to rock properties ?
• How to model the properties in 3D ?Upscaling Properties from plug, core, well to inter-well.
• What are the main factors that control fluid movementsin carbonate reservoirs ?
• ….
Some Scientific Challenges
for the characterisation of carbonate reservoirs
How to characterize the properties in 3D ?In Carbonates, we face the problem at all scales!
Cores
Seismic
Resolution
Co
vera
ge
Fracture-PoresInteractions ?
SEM
Pore type Heterogeneity
Well-logs
Thin section
How to characterize the properties in 3D ?Experiments in the GAS gallery (LSBB) where various reservoir features can be explored !
http://hppp.unice.fr/ANR HPPP-CO2
PACA Petro-Pro ProjectANR SLAM
Conclusion : Necessary integrative research
Global-Local SignalsClimat
Sea level
Environments
Biologic
Sedimentologic
Tectonic
3D-4D Modelling
Laser Scanner
Seismic
Petrophysics
Geophysics
Geochemistry
Paleomagnetism
ReservoirsOrigin/distribution of properties
Property detection
Flow dynamics
Development of numeric tools
Measurements
Carbonates Paleontology
Sedimentology
Petrography
Stratigraphy
Structural Geology
Observations
The Rustrel-Fontaine de Vaucluse LSBBA Unique Facility for Deep Carbonate Reservoir Science
• A highly representative case of wide and flat carbonate platformWhich factors control the carbonate factory ?How to model the 3D architectures spatial and temporal construction ?How to relate to rock properties and fluid flow dynamic response?
• Significance of seismic reflexions and other geophysics to image Sedimentary and/or Diagenetic Facies typical of Carbonates
It is possible to relate almost all types of carbonate reservoir architecture with geophysical images in the LSBB galleries
• Improving Resolution and Coverage of measurementand observation tools to estimate rock properties (porosity, permeability,..)in carbonate fractured-porous rocks
Installation of multi-scale experiments in unaltered rock at depth