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The History of India :The History of India :The History of India :The History of India :

from the 18th century to from the 18th century to from the 18th century to from the 18th century to

todaytodaytodaytoday

December 2010 School year 2010/2011

Table of Table of Table of Table of

contents :contents :contents :contents :

• Maharajas

• Influences of

britain in India

and influences

of India in Bri-

tain.

• The fight for in-

dependence.

• India today.

The Indian MagazineThe Indian MagazineThe Indian MagazineThe Indian Magazine

Page 2

In the 18th century a private army conquered India; it was the British East Company. So, India became a British colony from 1784 to 1947, so during 163 years. Gandhi, an impor-tant character in India, was one of

the first leader to-wards indepen-dance, who was against violence. After decolaniza-tion (the Raj) there were partitions because of reli-gions, like Hin-duism and Islam and this created Pakistan and Ban-gladesh.

In this magazine,

we will speak

about the British

East India compa-

ny, Gandhi, the

fight for indepen-

dance, the new

flag.

CHRISTINA CHRISTINA CHRISTINA CHRISTINA

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IntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroduction

India at the time of the maharajasIndia at the time of the maharajasIndia at the time of the maharajasIndia at the time of the maharajas

The maharajas were wealthy. The maharajas li-ved in India in the 18th century. He lived in a palace with his wife and a lot of children.T he synonym of the maharajas was « great king ».

To describe them, we can use the words spendour and magnificence. The maharajas had a lot of autho-rity and symbols for exemple : royal parasol, chauri, fans and staff of authority.

He used the skills ofs poets, musi-cians, artistes, ar-chitects and craf-tem to show his wealth. GAY AlexisGAY AlexisGAY AlexisGAY Alexis 4°D4°D4°D4°D

MaharajasMaharajasMaharajasMaharajas

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He was the fourth Mongolian Empe-ror of India.

Under his reign, the empire remai-ned in a state of war. Art, litterature and architecture

developped du-ring his reign. He wrote his me-moirs ,« Jahangir Nâma» and built the mau-soleum in memory of his father.

Maharaja JahangirMaharaja JahangirMaharaja JahangirMaharaja Jahangir

Maharaja Jahangir was born in Fathepur Sikri on September 9th 1569 and died in Lâhore on October 28th 1627.His real name was Salim,Nûr-Ud-Din Muhammad.

Picture of the Maharaja Jahangir

Laura Nguyen 4°DLaura Nguyen 4°DLaura Nguyen 4°DLaura Nguyen 4°D

SituationSituationSituationSituation :::: Rohet Garh is si-tuated forty kilo-meters far from Jodhpur, in the state of Marwar. Rohet Garh was built in 1622. Today, Rohet Garh is a hotel.

DescriptionDescriptionDescriptionDescription :::: Rohet Garh is great. There are a lot of decorations and windows. There is a swim-ming-pool. Before the entry, they are paintings on walls. The paintings re-present horses and elephants.

The garden is

beautiful, there

are a lot of flowers

Viquerat MargotViquerat MargotViquerat MargotViquerat Margot 4eme D4eme D4eme D4eme D

In 1994, the palace

became a hotel.

Today, Lakshmi

Villa Palace is a

large palace si-

tuated in a gar-

den. In front of the

palace, there are

two flats roofs

The Lakshmi Villa Palace was built in 1887 for Raja Raghunath Singh. The palace situa-ted in a small town of bharatpur. It was a famous pla-ce in this part from Rajastant.

and each flats

roofs has got a

little tower.

Pisteur MarinePisteur MarinePisteur MarinePisteur Marine

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Lakshmi Vila palace.Lakshmi Vila palace.Lakshmi Vila palace.Lakshmi Vila palace.

The Balsmand lake palace in JodhpurThe Balsmand lake palace in JodhpurThe Balsmand lake palace in JodhpurThe Balsmand lake palace in Jodhpur

They are green gardens with man-go papayas and a lot of trees. Jacquin MarieJacquin MarieJacquin MarieJacquin Marie 4eme D4eme D4eme D4eme D

The Balsmand la-ke palace in Jodh-pur is next to the Balsmand lake. The palace has been built by Ma-haraja Jaswant Singh of Jodhpur I in the 17th centu-ries

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Ro he t Garh entryRo he t Garh entryRo he t Garh entryRo he t Garh entry

Rohet Garh in RohetRohet Garh in RohetRohet Garh in RohetRohet Garh in Rohet

This is the entryThis is the entryThis is the entryThis is the entry

The flat roofs with towersThe flat roofs with towersThe flat roofs with towersThe flat roofs with towers

Amarvilas is located 600 metres far from the Taj Mahal. There are swimming pools and a lot of de-corations. Now, Amarvilas is a

very luxurious hotel

which we can visit.

Adélie Breuil Adélie Breuil Adélie Breuil Adélie Breuil

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He is one of the Bundi’s Palace. It was built by Ma-harao Umaid Singh in 1773. The palace welco-med the famous English writer Ru-dyard Kipling. He stands 304 me-

General presenta-tion : Sukh Mahal is in Bundi in India.

ters above the city

and 595 meters

above the sea le-

v e l .

It is situated next

to a lake : Jait Sa-

gar.

Audrey EnricoAudrey EnricoAudrey EnricoAudrey Enrico

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Amarvilas, in AgraAmarvilas, in AgraAmarvilas, in AgraAmarvilas, in Agra

A Palace in Bundi : Sukh MahalA Palace in Bundi : Sukh MahalA Palace in Bundi : Sukh MahalA Palace in Bundi : Sukh Mahal

Fort Chawna in

Luni was a house

( a palace) for the

maharaja.

Anaïs CheninAnaïs CheninAnaïs CheninAnaïs Chenin

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Fort Chawna in LuniFort Chawna in LuniFort Chawna in LuniFort Chawna in Luni

The Fort Chawna

in Luni was built

in Jodhpur, in In-

dia. It is Maharaja

Dalip Singh. It is a

big and beautiful

palace because it

is decorated with

gardens, flowers,

fountains... The

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The Amarvilas palace's entrance

The lights in the garden

The palace built by the noblemen of the court of the royal familly, is located near the Samode village . T h e p a l a c e contains 43 be-drooms which ha-ve a private bal-cony. The palace has a restaurant, a swimming pool

and a fitness cen-tre because now it is an hotel. This palace is ma-naged by the no-ble family of Sa-mode, who owns it for more than 400 years . Jacquier MathildeJacquier MathildeJacquier MathildeJacquier Mathilde 4eme D4eme D4eme D4eme D

Samode Palace in SamodeSamode Palace in SamodeSamode Palace in SamodeSamode Palace in Samode

Udai bilas palaceUdai bilas palaceUdai bilas palaceUdai bilas palace

Surrounded by the

azure blue waters of

the Gaibasagar Lake

on one side and the

dense forests of the

private reserve on

the other, the Udai

Bilas Palace in Dur-

gapur is a splendid

palace.Rajasthan is a

paradise in itself. The

Udai Singhji-II, a

great patron of art

and architecture,

built a wing of bluish

grey local stone

"Pareva" overlooking

the lake and the "Ek

Thambia Mahal", fea-

turing intricate

sculptured pillars

and panels, ornate

balconies, bracke-

ted windows, arches

and frieze of marble

carvings, a veritable

marvel of Rajput

architecture.

Granger MatisGranger MatisGranger MatisGranger Matis

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Udai Bilas Palace is

a combination of the

royal hospitality of

Rajasthan and the

luxury of a palace.

The History of Udai

Bilas Palace, Dun-

garpur, Rajasthan

dates from the middle

of the 19th century,

when Maharawal

Page 6

The Samode Palace is switched on

This is the interior swimming pool of udai bilas palace

The palace is lo-cated in the Na-guar district and it was built by Rao Karamsiji in the sixteen century . Now, the fort is a heritage hotel. It's a hotel : 49 rooms and 96 win-dows. The archi-

techtural style is square and geome-tric. Today, Khimsar Fort

Naguar ranks among

the first heritage ho-

tel in Rajasthan.

Guillaume Bollard Guillaume Bollard Guillaume Bollard Guillaume Bollard

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under the direc-tion of Maharana Jagat Singh. The Maharana of Jaipur was the king from 1628 to 1654. The palace is now a splendid hotel,

The Lake Palace is on the lake Pi-chora, in Rajas-than (in the north of India). In the past, the La-ke Palace was cal-led “Jag Niwas”. It was built in whi-te marble, in 1746,

transformed by Bhagwat Singh. It has got 83 rooms. We go to the hotel by boat.

Palace Khimsan Fort NaguarPalace Khimsan Fort NaguarPalace Khimsan Fort NaguarPalace Khimsan Fort Naguar

The Lake PalaceThe Lake PalaceThe Lake PalaceThe Lake Palace

decorated with black and white marbles. It is in the same style as the TAJ MAHAL ;i t has got Hindus moti-ves. In 1976 and 2000 they resto-red the palace.

Taj lake palace in UdaipurTaj lake palace in UdaipurTaj lake palace in UdaipurTaj lake palace in Udaipur

L a k e P a l a c e(formerly know under the name of Jag Niwas) is a luxury hotel ; it is on the Pichola la-ke,Udaipur, India. It was built in 1743-1643 in the East. The upper house of the palace is

Page 7

The dome of the palace.

Taj Lake Palace bedroom

Joanna Rémi 4°DJoanna Rémi 4°DJoanna Rémi 4°DJoanna Rémi 4°D

The Lake Palace, with a typical boat on the lake.

Lucie Bodennec 4°DLucie Bodennec 4°DLucie Bodennec 4°DLucie Bodennec 4°D

The Rambagh Pa-lace in Jaipur is the palace of the Maharajah of Jai-pur, now, it's the luxury Taj Palace Hotel. The first building was built in 1835, for the nurse of Prince Ramh Singh II. In 1931, Maharajah

Sawai Man Singh II made Rambagh Palace his princi-pal residence and added a lots of suites. After India beca-me independant, the Palace beca-me the Govern-ment House. In 1957, the royal

family decided to convert it in a luxury hotel. Léa Maïnas Léa Maïnas Léa Maïnas Léa Maïnas 4°C4°C4°C4°C

The Rambagh PalaceThe Rambagh PalaceThe Rambagh PalaceThe Rambagh Palace

the 20th century and now it is a luxurious hotel.

The building is se-

micircular. There

is a marble swim-

ming pool outsi-

de. The style of

the building is eu-

ropean and hindu,

with ivory, glass

mosaics and fres-

coes. There are

beautiful gardens.

It is next to the la-

ke Pichola.

Shiv Niwas palaceShiv Niwas palaceShiv Niwas palaceShiv Niwas palace

Skiv Niwas Palhi-vace is from the 19th century (1874-1884). First it was the official resi-dence of the Ma-haraja of Udaipur, Rajasthan, then it was a guest-house for the royal family on

Page 8

The Rambagh Palace and a part of his gar-

dens ( 47 acres=190,000 m²)

First the palace only had 9 suites, all on the ground floor. Now, the hotel has three l e v e l s a n d contains 31 guest rooms with 14 de-luxe rooms, 8 ter-race suites, 3 royal suites and 2 imperial suites.

A semicircular arc building with lake view

Loïs Bourland 4°DLoïs Bourland 4°DLoïs Bourland 4°DLoïs Bourland 4°D

Geographical si-tuation : Deogarh Mahal is an Indian monu-ment. It’s situated in the city of Deo-garh on the limits of Mewar. History of Deo-garh Mahal : The fort of Deo-garh Mahal was

built in 1670 by AD Rawat Dwarka Dasji. It was the seat of the clan of Rajputs chunda-wat Sisodia. Deogarh Mahal today : Today, Deogarh is

a famous school

of miniature pain-

tings. Deogarh is

surrounded by vil-

lage. Their life sty-

le and celebration

parties are uni-

que.

Deogarh MahalDeogarh MahalDeogarh MahalDeogarh Mahal

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Deogarh Mahal is the big palace Sarah Laquaz 4°DSarah Laquaz 4°DSarah Laquaz 4°DSarah Laquaz 4°D

Girivilas is a palace in the re-gion of Chhattisgarh, in India. It was built by Raja Bahadur

Singh Jawahir in Sa-

rangarh (city) during

the “British Raj”.

Emeline FasolatoEmeline FasolatoEmeline FasolatoEmeline Fasolato

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The Girivilas palace in SarangarhThe Girivilas palace in SarangarhThe Girivilas palace in SarangarhThe Girivilas palace in Sarangarh

Today, the Umaid

Bhawan Palace is

divided in three

parts : a luxury

hotel, the residen-

ce of the former

royal family and a

museum on histo-

ry of the Jodhpur

Royal Family.

Fiona BouvierFiona BouvierFiona BouvierFiona Bouvier

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The Umaid Bhawan PalaceThe Umaid Bhawan PalaceThe Umaid Bhawan PalaceThe Umaid Bhawan Palace

This palace, built from 1927 to 1944. It’s one of biggest residences in the world. It’s located in Jodhpur in In-dia and it has 347 rooms and was formely the Jodh-pur royal family’s residence.

A tower of the Girivilas palace

The Umaid Bhawan Palace.

The palace Udai Kothi is a hotel. It is situated in Udaipur in Rajas-tan, India. It is situated in

front of the lake

Pichola.

The palace Udai

Kothi is a little pa-

lace, the three

floors are white .

Océane Cristina Océane Cristina Océane Cristina Océane Cristina

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Udai Kothi PalaceUdai Kothi PalaceUdai Kothi PalaceUdai Kothi Palace

After the cons-truction, the ma-haradja gave his name to the pala-ce:” Umed Bahwan palace Kota”. Umed Bhawan is on Kota in India. Umed Bhawan in-cludes : twenty fi-ve rooms inclu-

ding suites, televi-sion with satellite chanels, a bar, te-lephones, Indian and Chinese cuisi-ne, a jogging trail, abadminton court, c r o q u e t a n d chess. Vanina PallatinVanina PallatinVanina PallatinVanina Pallatin 4°D4°D4°D4°D

Umed Bhawan palace kotaUmed Bhawan palace kotaUmed Bhawan palace kotaUmed Bhawan palace kota

Historrically, the maharadja was li-ving in a fortress in the heart of the village. But he wanted a modern palace. Umed bha-wan brought the pink and white marble from Italy to the floor.

Page 10

Palace Udai Kothi

The outside of the palace

A big part of the palace was trans-formed in a mu-seum in 1968. It is divised in a

lot of parts where

there are wea-

pons of warriors,

costumes, statues

and paintings.

Nguyen LauraNguyen LauraNguyen LauraNguyen Laura 4°D4°D4°D4°D

Fateh Prackesh Palace, in ChittorgarhFateh Prackesh Palace, in ChittorgarhFateh Prackesh Palace, in ChittorgarhFateh Prackesh Palace, in Chittorgarh

This is the facade of the Fateh

Page 11

The British Raj The British Raj The British Raj The British Raj

This company had a lot of influence : it was created in 1600, on the whole continent. It was the first european com-pany. Its aim was to con-quer « India » and Hong-Kong and Singapour to dominate trade in Asia.

It had developed the monopoly of trade in India thanks to queen Elisabeth I .

The British East India CompanyThe British East India CompanyThe British East India CompanyThe British East India Company

The map of India with British East India Company

Audrey Enrico 4°DAudrey Enrico 4°DAudrey Enrico 4°DAudrey Enrico 4°D

India is an active and trading coun-try. During the Raj , the British built British tra-ding posts. These cities were next to the sea: Madras , Bombay , Calcut-ta. They exported by sea a lot of Tea , cotton and

textile to Europe and to the world. The British empire has developped trade in India. Now, India is inde-pendant and its is still develloping.

Guillaume BollardGuillaume BollardGuillaume BollardGuillaume Bollard 4°C4°C4°C4°C

British Trading posts in IndiaBritish Trading posts in IndiaBritish Trading posts in IndiaBritish Trading posts in India

A map of India

Page 12

were a lot of prob-lems in India. The system of gov-

ernance of India

began in 1858 and

was transferred to

Queen Victoria.

The system of

Governance

stopped on au-

gust, 15th 1947. It

was the end of the

British Raj.

During the British

Raj, there were a

lot of fights and a

lot of people died

in India. It was the

most horrible fight

in India.

The British RajThe British RajThe British RajThe British Raj

The British raj is the name given to the period when the British gov-erned and fought the Indians. The British Raj lasted from 1858 to 1947. During this period, the Indians were not free and there

During the British Raj, the indians had to work hard.

Matis Granger 4°CMatis Granger 4°CMatis Granger 4°CMatis Granger 4°C

1877 to 1901. She was the daugther of Georges III. Her reign was marked by a great expan-sion of the British Empire : the RAJ.

Empress of India was a title given to the queen Vic-

Victoria was a queen who reigned over the United Kingdom, Great Britain and Ireland from 1837 to 1901. She was the first Empress of India during the British RAJ from

toria in 1877.

Queen Victoria was a beautiful and powerfulwo-man. She had pa-laces, and a royal coach.

Queen victoriaQueen victoriaQueen victoriaQueen victoria

Queen Victoria

Victor Grosse 4°DVictor Grosse 4°DVictor Grosse 4°DVictor Grosse 4°D

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M o u n t b a t t e n : (1900-1979) He was famous because he was the last vice-roy of India and the first general governor of independent In-dia. - Lord Canning: (1812-1862)

He was a general gover-nor from 1856 to 1862 and he was the first vice-roy of India on Novem-ber 1st 1858. - Lord John Lawrence: (1811-1879) He was a Brit-ish statesman but he was a viceroy from 1864 to 1869.

ViceViceViceVice----roysroysroysroys

The office of Vice-roys created in 1773, was the high-est office adminis-trative. The vice-roy were the most powerful man in the world. Examples of vice-roy: -L ord L ou is

Lord Louis Mountbatten

started after the arrival of the Bri-tish East India Compagny, in 1600. It exported a lot of objects in the 18th century. The British ex-ploited coal mines and iron, produc-

Before the Raj, there was the E a s t I n d i a Conpagny. It tra-ded cotton, silk, indigo dye, salpe-tre, tea and opium. Trade betwen In-dia and England

ted tea, coffee, and they built railways. The British sold them in ex-change of manufactury arti-cles. The trade was unfair. The British became richer whereas the Indians became poorer. Adélie BreuilAdélie BreuilAdélie BreuilAdélie Breuil 4°D4°D4°D4°D

Trade beetwen the Indians and the BritishTrade beetwen the Indians and the BritishTrade beetwen the Indians and the BritishTrade beetwen the Indians and the British

Page 14

Influences of Britain on India Influences of Britain on India Influences of Britain on India Influences of Britain on India

police. The British were offi-cers whereas the Indians had to lis-tento their orders. People were

afraid, scared,

and frightened by

the new police be-

cause it was vio-

lent.

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The policeThe policeThe policeThe police

The Imperial Poli-ce became the new police in 1861. It was created by the British, it re-placed the zamin-dars traditional police. There were British and Indians in this

They are British officers of Indians Impérial Police.

In India, there are a

lot of language :

Hindi, Bengali,

Gudjara t i . . . . and

English. Indians

often speak en-

glish because it is

a official language.

English is used

every day by many

people in the of

country and in

different jobs: ad-

m i n i s t r a t i o n ,

school, hopital…

Anaïs CheninAnaïs CheninAnaïs CheninAnaïs Chenin

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The languageThe languageThe languageThe language

Map of diffe-rents langua-ges, in India

India has been a british colony until 1947. The British have imposed their culture in this country. Great Britain has installed the sa-me political sys-tem as the Police by exemple.

Moreover the

British have bor-

rowed customs,

like the tradition

of tea or the tex-

tile industry, art,

architecture, kit-

chen, monu-

ments ... from the

Indians.

IntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroduction

English flag

Indian flag

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Page 15

On January 28th, 1882, Major E. Baring, a member of the General Government of In-dia in Council de-cided to open the phone lines to the population and

With the English, the Indian govern-ment decided to install telephone lines in 1881 in the cities of Kolkata, Mumbai, Chennai (Madras) and Ahmadabad.

the number of subscribers was 93 persons.

Bombay has also witnessed the opening of tele-phone lines.

The influence of communications in IndiaThe influence of communications in IndiaThe influence of communications in IndiaThe influence of communications in India

Telephone lines in India Matis Granger 4°CMatis Granger 4°CMatis Granger 4°CMatis Granger 4°C

The Indian penal code in 1860 was created by the British (Indian Empire) but it has many particulari-ties .

It is a compromise from : -a less important court -the civil court -the district court -the high court.

The penal codeThe penal codeThe penal codeThe penal code

map of British India

Gay Alexis Gay Alexis Gay Alexis Gay Alexis

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Page 16

girls) -leather shoes -white sockes The leather shoes

were compulsary

during the British

colonization.

In India, the wo-men get married in red because red means love. Green :harmony Blue: vitality Orange: optimism White: purity Black: ill intuition

Uniforms and the color codeUniforms and the color codeUniforms and the color codeUniforms and the color code

The British colo-nization in India, made changes on some uniforms, like the uniforms of schoolboys: -white shirt -ties -shorts(for the boys) -skirts(for the

Schoolboys in uniforms Laura Nguyen 4°DLaura Nguyen 4°DLaura Nguyen 4°DLaura Nguyen 4°D

home made of wood with a roof of thatch, then, it was expanded to become a real house built on a bedrock. Now, it is usually equipped with a big veran-da. At the 19 cen-

In India, there are many Victorian houses, bunga-lows and veran-das. They are the

vestiges of the En-glish domination. At the origin, the bungalow was a small traditional

tury, the English colons built bun-galow for their ho-lidays. “Bungalow” co-

mes from the Hin-

di “bangala or

bangla” it means

“which has a link

to the Bengal ».

The houses: bungalows and verandasThe houses: bungalows and verandasThe houses: bungalows and verandasThe houses: bungalows and verandas

An indian bungalow and

its veranda

Emeline FasolatoEmeline FasolatoEmeline FasolatoEmeline Fasolato 4°C4°C4°C4°C

In India, school is important but a lot of pupils can't go. In India, school begins in July and finishes in May. The chil-dren are on holi-days from May to June because it is too hot to work. They go to school

between 7.00 a.m and 8.00 a.m until 13.30 p.m. First, they learn how to read and write in their native lan-guage. Early, they learn English be-cause India is an old british colony. English is the most spoken lan-

guage in the world. In a class, there are 40 pu-pils. A lot of children can't go even if school is compul-sory. These chil-dren must work to help their family because their pa-rents have not enough money

The Indians school systemThe Indians school systemThe Indians school systemThe Indians school system

Indians pupils in a class : uniforms are compulsory like in

England

Audrey EnricoAudrey EnricoAudrey EnricoAudrey Enrico 4°C4°C4°C4°C

Page 17

The English inven-tion of new technolo-gy were introduced in India. Roads and Railwys:Roads and Railwys:Roads and Railwys:Roads and Railwys: The British improved and built more roads. In 1853, they moder-nized the postal sys-tem and started the telegraph. Thanks to better roads and communication, they

could send their goods to all parts of India and carry the raw materials they needed.

Trains :Trains :Trains :Trains : India was the favou-rite of the English colons : they wanted to bring the latest innovation in trans-portation (the steam train).

Take the train in India, it’s an adventure… Indians love traveling to visit their country. Trains are always late ! S t e a m b o a t :S t e a m b o a t :S t e a m b o a t :S t e a m b o a t : Inthe 50's new steamers full of goods appeared on the river.

Boileau OphélieBoileau OphélieBoileau OphélieBoileau Ophélie

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Transport in IndiaTransport in IndiaTransport in IndiaTransport in India

A stream train blue, red and yel-low.

merchants were very rich but they became even richer with India. The British im-ported the cotton from India to pro-duce tissues of good qualities and cheaper than

Great-Britain was very rich in the XVIth century. But the Industrial Revo-lution changed their life from 1750 to 1850. The industry manu-factures changed. Manufacturers and

Indian tissues. The Indian trade remained in Brit-ain is that the British have ru-ined a lot of In-dian textile Indus-tries. Pallatin VaninaPallatin VaninaPallatin VaninaPallatin Vanina 4°D4°D4°D4°D

TradeTradeTradeTrade

An Indian tissue

The most impor-tant building of the Raj is the cita-del of William and Victoria Me-morial . The English built buildings to show their power .

The English have left a lot of buil-dings because In-dia was a British colony . They began to built factory, schools and chur-ches .

It is in Calcutta,

the first capital of

British Raj, that

one can see the

most important

buildings .

The monumentsThe monumentsThe monumentsThe monuments

Saint Paul's Cathedral

Mathilde Jacquier 4°DMathilde Jacquier 4°DMathilde Jacquier 4°DMathilde Jacquier 4°D

Page 18

Influences of India on Britain Influences of India on Britain Influences of India on Britain Influences of India on Britain

Rich Indians sent their sons to pub-lic British schools and universities. In the 1920’s, Sikhs moved into the East End of Lon-don. The first In-dian restaurant opened in Leices-ter Square during

this time. Joshua Hugot Joshua Hugot Joshua Hugot Joshua Hugot 4°D4°D4°D4°D

Indians immigrations to BritainIndians immigrations to BritainIndians immigrations to BritainIndians immigrations to Britain

In the 20th cen-tury, lots of Southern Asians went to live in London. There were sailors, ser-vants, merchants, doctors, lawyers and students that went to Great Brit-ain.

Brick Lane, a street where a lot of In-dians live in London

they belonged to the British Empi-re. Their help was material. Then, the Indians participed again in World War2, but they were mo-re important be-cause their help was military.

There were 7 762

dead soldiers for

the World War 1

and 18 215 for the

World War 2.

Fiona Bouvier Fiona Bouvier Fiona Bouvier Fiona Bouvier

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The participation in the World WarsThe participation in the World WarsThe participation in the World WarsThe participation in the World Wars

The participation in the World Wars is an important period for the In-dians because this had led to the independence of India. The Indians parti-ciped in World War 1 because

The Indians during the War.

cotton produc-tion, plantations, natural resour-ces.... India also produ-

ces a third of its

electricity with

coal energy since

its colonization

by England. And

Thanks to the co-lonisation of In-dia, England got rich. But India got poor at the same time. England took all the natural riches of India to deve-lop its economy :

now it is a very

big ecological

problem for our

planet.

Loïs Bourland Loïs Bourland Loïs Bourland Loïs Bourland

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Disadvantages of colonization of India by EnglandDisadvantages of colonization of India by EnglandDisadvantages of colonization of India by EnglandDisadvantages of colonization of India by England

Plantations in India

The culinary his-tory of England is connected with In-dian curry. In the 18th century, a private army conquered India: it was the British East company. They imported

lots of objects and

ideas in England

(example: Tea, coffee,

sugar, rice, spices...)

Some English-Indian dishes : -The Curry: Dish with chicken or vegetables and with curry. The chicken Tikka Masala: Dish with the chicken

and curry sauce.

Page 19

Influence of India on the English foodInfluence of India on the English foodInfluence of India on the English foodInfluence of India on the English food

Joanna RemyJoanna RemyJoanna RemyJoanna Remy 4°D4°D4°D4°D

Spices

Clothes : Clothes : Clothes : Clothes : Pyjamas Bandana Foods:Foods:Foods:Foods: Sugar Tapioca Curry Punch

Plants : Plants : Plants : Plants : Patchouli Vetiver Betel Camphor Jungle Buildings :Buildings :Buildings :Buildings : Bungalow Pagoda

English wordsEnglish wordsEnglish wordsEnglish words

The next words are in English and come from the In-dian language. The reason of this is explained be-cause of the colo-nisation of India by the British .

The Hindi alphabet

Lucie Bodennec 4°DLucie Bodennec 4°DLucie Bodennec 4°DLucie Bodennec 4°D

was passionate about tea. To drink tea, she invi-ted friends. In the next centu-

ries, tea invaded

England; the Bri-

tish exported a lot

of objects (tea, su-

gar…). But just

rich families could

buy it because it

was very expensi-

ve. These rich fa-

milies liked drin-

king tea with ca-

kes.

Tea.Tea.Tea.Tea.

Tea was Chinese and Indian. It arrived in Euro-pe in the XVII cen-tury and in En-gland in 1656 be-cause of the Dutch. In 1662, the new queen of En-gland “Catherine de Bragance »

These rich families li-ked drinking tea with cakes. Pisteur Marine 4°DPisteur Marine 4°DPisteur Marine 4°DPisteur Marine 4°D

Page 20

Neasden Temple ( or the Swamina-rayan Mandir London) is the first Hindu temple in Europe. It was built by Swami Maharaj Pramukh, in Au-gust 1992 during five years, with traditional me-thods and mate-

rials. To built the tem-ple, he used 2,828 tons of Bulgarian limestone and 2,000 tons of Ita-lian marble trans-ported in India and sculpted by 1526 sculptors. It is composed of

a Mandir and a

Haveli (in timber).

Neasden TempleNeasden TempleNeasden TempleNeasden Temple

The Neasden Temple

Details of the Neasden Temple

Léa Maïnas 4°CLéa Maïnas 4°CLéa Maïnas 4°CLéa Maïnas 4°C

This style belongs to the 19th century. It’s Brighton pa-It’s Brighton pa-It’s Brighton pa-It’s Brighton pa-vilionvilionvilionvilion The palace has a lot of columns and windows. This is an indian

Brighton pavillionBrighton pavillionBrighton pavillionBrighton pavillion

Brighton Pavilion is a royal building in Brighton, in England. It was built in 1787, for the Prince of Wales. It is built in t h e I n d o -Saracenic style.

Brighton pavillion

style because the-re are windows on the roof. Victor GrosseVictor GrosseVictor GrosseVictor Grosse 4°D4°D4°D4°D

MusicMusicMusicMusic : India ins-pired a lot of wes-tern musicians as the Beatles and Paul Mc Cartney. ArtArtArtArt : A lot of pain-tings of indians ar-tist are at the Royal court in London.

ArchitectureArchitectureArchitectureArchitecture : The Brighton pavilion in the United King-dom was built in an exotical style in the XIXème centu-ry. It was built in the style of the indian palaces.

The indian emprint in Great BritainThe indian emprint in Great BritainThe indian emprint in Great BritainThe indian emprint in Great Britain : in the : in the : in the : in the artistic field.artistic field.artistic field.artistic field.

Painting of Raja Ravi Varma

Brighton pavilion

Margot Viquerat 4°DMargot Viquerat 4°DMargot Viquerat 4°DMargot Viquerat 4°D

Page 21

Cricket is a sport with two teams of eleven players. It's not known in France but it is popular in India. In this cuntry , millions of fans watch matches of their national

team which was the world cham-pion in 1983. BOLLARD BOLLARD BOLLARD BOLLARD

Guilaume 4 DGuilaume 4 DGuilaume 4 DGuilaume 4 D

cricketcricketcricketcricket

The Indians love cricket !

When the British governed India they took some things like yoga.

Yoga is a

traditional physi-cal and mental discipline. It co-mes from different religions like

Buddhism, Hin-duism.

The British loved yoga and they imported this because the yoga stresses less.

Jacquin Marie 4°D Jacquin Marie 4°D Jacquin Marie 4°D Jacquin Marie 4°D

A girl practises yoga

yogayogayogayoga

between 400 000 and 550 000 peo-ple. Today, there are about 140 Hindu temples in the country.

When the Indians came in Great Britain, they left tracks of their re-ligions. The first Hindu temple was built in London in 1962. In the Hindu com-munity, there are

The religionsThe religionsThe religionsThe religions

The reli-gions in In-dia

Laquaz Laquaz Laquaz Laquaz Sarah 4°DSarah 4°DSarah 4°DSarah 4°D

Page 22

Gandhi was born

on October

2nd 1869 .

He got married at

13 years old

with Kastura Mak-handji and he had 4 children when he was 18 years old. In India, salt is important, so Gandhi organi-

zed a march to the sea . (= the salt march ).

Gandhi led natio-nal campaign for-for poor men, for the liberation of the Indian women, and the Swaraj or the independence of India .Gandhi is probably, the most

important person, who positively m a r k e d t h i s world . Gandhi was shot by Na-thuram Godse on January, 30th 1948 .

GandhiGandhiGandhiGandhi

Gandhi Mathilde Jacquier 4°DMathilde Jacquier 4°DMathilde Jacquier 4°DMathilde Jacquier 4°D

Between 1921 and 1940, he was im-prisoned during ten years, by the British. In 1947, he was the prime minister of India . In 1916, he met Gandhi. Nehru is an im-

portant leader of India. He is Indira Gan-dhi’s dad. Nehru fought for the independence of India. Margot ViqueratMargot ViqueratMargot ViqueratMargot Viquerat 4°D4°D4°D4°D

NehruNehruNehruNehru

Nehru was born on November 14th , 1889. He died on may 27th , 1964. He studied in England, in the middle school of Harrow and at Cambridge’s Uni-versity.

Nehru : the prime min-ister of India in 1947

The Indian were prepared to die but they were not prepared to kill, whereas the Brit-ish were pre-pared to im-prison, torture and kill. The Brit-

During India’s struggle for inde-pendence, Gan-dhi noted that when India ob-tained its free-dom, no other country remained a slave.

The non violent fight for independenceThe non violent fight for independenceThe non violent fight for independenceThe non violent fight for independence Ophélie BoileauOphélie BoileauOphélie BoileauOphélie Boileau 4°D4°D4°D4°D

ish were active a n d c r u e l whereas the In-dian were ac-tive but not cruel.

There are gandhi

The fight for independenceThe fight for independenceThe fight for independenceThe fight for independence

Page 23

In 1892, at the age of 16, he went to En-gland where he obtai-ned his law diploma and he returned to Bombay in 1896;

Jinnah was an In-dian-Muslim politician and he was a leader of the Muslim-line. For the

independence of India in 1916, Jinnah was a founder and the first governor of Pakistan.

Jinnah had other names in Pakistan: -Quaid-e-Azam (“grand leader”) -Baba-e-Qaum (“father of the nation”)

Muhammad Ali JinnahMuhammad Ali JinnahMuhammad Ali JinnahMuhammad Ali Jinnah Muhammad

Ali Jinnah was born on December 25th 1876 and he died on Septem-ber 11th 1948 at the age of 71 because of tuberculosis. He had 6 brother and sisters.

Muhammad Ali Jinnah

Joanna Remi 4°DJoanna Remi 4°DJoanna Remi 4°DJoanna Remi 4°D

cation of Rowlatt law. On that day, a great proportion of the 350 million Ind ians s top working. They stayed at home, they prayed and fasted. The coun-try was stuck to

Gandhi asked people to demon-strate in the whole country and to stop activity. The d e m o n s t r a t i o n was an enormous success. The 6 April 1919 is the date of appli-

the great dis-pleasure of the British. Sarah LaquazSarah LaquazSarah LaquazSarah Laquaz 4°D4°D4°D4°D

The General Strike in IndiaThe General Strike in IndiaThe General Strike in IndiaThe General Strike in India

the Bagh .The sol-diers fired for more then 10 minutes (shot 1650 bullets) .This event was horrible because only un-armed Indians were killed. There were more than 400 deaths, and another 1200 were left wounded . The In-

This event happened on a Sunday after-noon. It was the 13th of April 1919 .There were 10000 unarmed Indi-ans ;men, children women and babies were killed. To start ,it was in Amrit-sar’s Jallianwala Bagh .Then 50 British soldiers came into

dian’s problem was that the bagh only had 2 en-tries. The English sol-diers were posted at one entry and the other entry was a gate. But again there was another problem : the gate was locked.

The slaughter in AmritsarThe slaughter in AmritsarThe slaughter in AmritsarThe slaughter in Amritsar

Joshua Hugo 4°DJoshua Hugo 4°DJoshua Hugo 4°DJoshua Hugo 4°D

The slaughter

A strike in the whole country

Page 24 The History of India :

Salt is important to preserve food. On March 12th 1930, Gandhi started the Salt March, in Gu-jarat. He arrived on April 6th, in Dandi. About 79 people walked with Gand-hi. They walked about 236 miles. Gandhi began the

Salt March when he was 61 years old. Before the revolt, it was forbidden to produce, to sell, to buy the salt be-cause the British controlled this. After this action, Gandhi went to jail for 9 months. Af-ter the Salt March,

everybody in India produced his own salt. The police couldn't send everybody to jail. Then the viceroy allo-wed the harvesting of s a l t . The Salt march was a sort of non – violent resistance for indepen-

dence. Lucie Bodennec 4°DLucie Bodennec 4°DLucie Bodennec 4°DLucie Bodennec 4°D

The salt marchThe salt marchThe salt marchThe salt march

Gandhi taking salt, in Dandi

cruel. Gandhi organized a boycott of im-ported clothes . A lot of British were unemployed b e c a u s e t h e boycott was really important for the British economy.

This helped to gain the indepen-dence of India. Fiona BouvierFiona BouvierFiona BouvierFiona Bouvier 4°C4°C4°C4°C

The Boycott of British productsThe Boycott of British productsThe Boycott of British productsThe Boycott of British products

Britain controlled India. The Indians wanted to be inde-pendent but the British were op-posed to that. War was declared. The British were cruel and brutal whereas the In-dians were not

Gandhi organized the Boycott with a lot of Indians.

Gandhi was as-sassinated by a Hindu extremist. The same year, Indians created a new country: Pa-kistan. But, a lot of Muslims lived in India and a lot of people moved from India to Pa-kistan and some didn’t survive du-

ring the exodus. 6 million Muslims moved to The North-West and North-East (to Pakistan) and 9 million Hindus and Sikhs ran away to the South (to India). In 1971, a part of Pakistan,

in North- East of India, be-

came Bangladesh. A new

conflict began, between

different religions.

ReligionsReligionsReligionsReligions

India has got 4 re-ligions: Hindus (81%), Muslims, Buddhists and Sikhs. In 1947 after the acceptance of in-dependence, Hin-dus and Muslims fought, because, Muslims wanted a country for them-selves .In 1948,

India in 1971: Pakistan: a Muslim country. India: a Hindu country.

Marine PisteurMarine PisteurMarine PisteurMarine Pisteur 4°D4°D4°D4°D

After World War II, in 1947, the Mu-slims wanted a region for them-selves, they didn't accept to live with Hindus. But Gandhi and the other leaders were opposed to Partition. But there was a lot of violence, and they accepted.

Pakistan was created in two parts: in the North-West and the North-East of India. In 1971, there was again violence between the Mu-slims and the Hindus in Pakis-tan. India wanted Pa-

kistan to create an in-dependant region : Bangladesh. Pakistan accepted and Bangladesh was created in the North-East of Pakistan. But Partition created a lot of problems, for example in Kashmir. Léa MaïnasLéa MaïnasLéa MaïnasLéa Maïnas 4°C4°C4°C4°C

The Partition of IndiaThe Partition of IndiaThe Partition of IndiaThe Partition of India

The Partition of In-dia, in 1947.

Page 25

Page 26

Independance Day, was on 15 August 1947. Everybody was happy after the British decoloniza-tion. The people we-re in the street to ce-lebrate Independen-ce Day. But, after the Inde-pendance, there we-re two new coun-tries : Pakistan and India.

I n d e p e n d a n c e created a lot of fights between In-dia and Pakistan. And today, Pakis-tan and India fight. A new flag was created for India, the new flag was a symbol of the In-dependence of In-dia.

Anaïs CheninAnaïs CheninAnaïs CheninAnaïs Chenin 4°D4°D4°D4°D

Independence DayIndependence DayIndependence DayIndependence Day

The Partition of India

Page 27

Some days before the independence, the “Constituent Constituent Constituent Constituent AssemblyAssemblyAssemblyAssembly” was created to imagine the flag. In the flag there are three strips of the same width. The first is

The new flag was adopted on 22 July 1947 just before the independence day. The Indians wanted to make a flag because it’s a powerful symbol for independence.

saffron, the sec-ond is white with the chakra in the middle and the third in green.

The new flagThe new flagThe new flagThe new flag

The new flag in India

Marie Jacquin 4°DMarie Jacquin 4°DMarie Jacquin 4°DMarie Jacquin 4°D

« Jammu and Kash-mir » is a region of India but it was a princely state in In-dia. Its capital is Sri-nagar. Urdu is the official language but 80 per cent of the inhabi-tants speak Kashmiri. The inhabitants of Kashmir are the Kashmiris. The main religion is Islam but there are Hindus too.

Before the partition of India (1947), Kash-mir was independent and it was governed by the maharaja Hari Singh. Then, Pakistan wanted to govern Kashmir, but Hari Singh wanted to stay autonomous. So he asked India for help. Indians helped the Kashmiris. Now, Pakistan and India are fighting whereas Kashmir protests for

its independence. For over 60 years, there have been a lot of prob-lems: there are deaths, disappearances, or-p h a n s , d es t r o y e d houses, lootings, wars… Now India governs a half of Kashmir and Pakistan governs another half.

The situation in Kashmir nowThe situation in Kashmir nowThe situation in Kashmir nowThe situation in Kashmir now

A map of India and Jammu and Kashmir

Emeline Fasolato 4°CEmeline Fasolato 4°CEmeline Fasolato 4°CEmeline Fasolato 4°C

BODENNEC Lucie, 4°D

BOILEAU Ophélie, 4°D

BOLLARD Guillaume, 4°C

BOURLAND Loïs, 4°D

BOUVIER Fiona, 4°C

BREUIL Adélie, 4°D

CHENIN Anaïs, 4°D

CRISTINA Océane, 4°C

ENRICO Audrey, 4°C

FASOLATO Emeline, 4°C

GAY Alexis, 4°D

GRANGER Matis, 4°C

GROSSE Victor, 4°D

HUGOT Joshua, 4°D

JACQUIER Mathilde, 4°D

JACQUIN Marie, 4°D

LAQUAZ Sarah 4°D

MAÏNAS Léa, 4°C

NGUYEN Laura, 4°D

PALLATIN Vanina, 4°D

PISTEUR Marine, 4°D

REMY Joanna, 4°D

VALEMBOIS Ange, 4°D

VIQUERAT Margot, 4°D

With Mrs VESIN

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