Maintaining LifeMaintaining Life

Movement:Movement: includes motion of the includes motion of the whole body, individual organs, single whole body, individual organs, single cells, and tiny organellescells, and tiny organelles

Maintaining LifeMaintaining Life

Responsiveness:Responsiveness: the body’s ability to the body’s ability to detect and respond to changes in its detect and respond to changes in its internal or external environmentinternal or external environment– Ex: muscle cells will respond to nerve Ex: muscle cells will respond to nerve

impulses by contracting which impulses by contracting which generates movement of body partsgenerates movement of body parts

Hand on hot surfaceHand on hot surface

Maintaining LifeMaintaining LifeMetabolism:Metabolism: all all chemical reactions chemical reactions that are happening that are happening in the bodyin the body– Catabolic Catabolic

Reactions-Reactions- Breakdown Breakdown productsproducts

– Anabolic Reactions-Anabolic Reactions- Build productsBuild products

ExcretionExcretion– solid/metabolic solid/metabolic

wastewaste

Maintaining LifeMaintaining LifeReproduction:Reproduction: the the formation of new cells formation of new cells for growth or the for growth or the production of a new production of a new individual individual – Sexual reproduction-Sexual reproduction-

needs two parents, needs two parents, offspring are genetically offspring are genetically unique from parentsunique from parents

– Asexual reproduction- Asexual reproduction- mitosis mitosis

Maintaining LifeMaintaining Life

Growth:Growth: increase increase in body size in body size (replacing and (replacing and developing developing throughout life)throughout life)– Mitosis-Mitosis- when when

cells need to cells need to undergo growth undergo growth or repairor repair

Survival NeedsSurvival Needs(must be available within certain limits-(must be available within certain limits-not enough or too much can be deadly)not enough or too much can be deadly)

nutrientsnutrients

oxygenoxygen

waterwater

body body temperaturetemperature

atmospheric atmospheric pressurepressure

SurvivalSurvival

Homeostasis:Homeostasis: body's ability to maintain body's ability to maintain balance of internal conditions among its balance of internal conditions among its systemssystems– Ex: Glucose in blood (0.1%), blood pressure Ex: Glucose in blood (0.1%), blood pressure

(120/80), body temperature (98.6), pH of (120/80), body temperature (98.6), pH of blood (7.4)blood (7.4)

homeo- homeo- samenesssameness stasis-stasis-still/staticstill/static

any deviation in homeostasis is known as diseaseany deviation in homeostasis is known as disease

Feedback SystemFeedback System

Cycle of events in which the status of Cycle of events in which the status of a body condition is continually a body condition is continually monitored, evaluated, changed, monitored, evaluated, changed, remonitored, reevaluated… so on…remonitored, reevaluated… so on…– 3 parts to a feedback system3 parts to a feedback system

ReceptorReceptor

Control centerControl center

effectoreffector

ReceptorReceptor

Body structure that monitors Body structure that monitors changes in a controlled condition and changes in a controlled condition and sends information called the input (in sends information called the input (in the form of a nerve impulse or the form of a nerve impulse or chemical signal) to a control centerchemical signal) to a control center– Ex: Camera- this camera records a Ex: Camera- this camera records a

touchdown pass at the edge of the touchdown pass at the edge of the endzone with less than two minutes left endzone with less than two minutes left in the quarter. This video gets sent to in the quarter. This video gets sent to the booth for review…the booth for review…

Control CenterControl CenterBody sets the range of values within which Body sets the range of values within which a controlled condition should be a controlled condition should be maintained, evaluates the input it receives maintained, evaluates the input it receives from its receptors, and generates output from its receptors, and generates output (information in the form of nerve impulses (information in the form of nerve impulses or chemical signals, that is relayed from or chemical signals, that is relayed from the control center to an effector) the control center to an effector) commands when neededcommands when needed– Ex: People in Booth- they watch the video the Ex: People in Booth- they watch the video the

camera recorded and decide if the player was camera recorded and decide if the player was inbounds or out of bounds…inbounds or out of bounds…

EffectorEffector

Body structure that receives output Body structure that receives output from the control center, produces a from the control center, produces a response or effect that changes the response or effect that changes the controlled conditionscontrolled conditions– Ex: Referee- the ref gets a message Ex: Referee- the ref gets a message

from the booth saying whether the from the booth saying whether the player was inbounds or out of bounds player was inbounds or out of bounds resulting in a touchdown or an resulting in a touchdown or an incomplete pass.incomplete pass.