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Cell Organelles“Tiny organs” of the Cell
Objective: C2 - Identify the structure and function of the parts of a typical eukaryotic cell and compare the structures of plant, animal, & bacteria cells recognizing their complexity
Organelle – cell parts that perform specific functions for the cell
A. Cytoplasm
Everything between the cell membrane and the nucleus
A jellylike mixture that consists mostly of water
CONTROL CENTER of the Cell NUCLEAR ENVELOPE
– Covered with many
small pores that allow
messages, like RNA,
to be sent from the
Nucleus
B. The Nucleus
B. The Nucleus
CHROMOSOMES– Hereditary information
NUCLEOLUS – MAKES (synthesizes)
RIBOSOMES
CHROMATIN – Consists of DNA bound
to protein
• Are the site of PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
• Some float free in the cytoplasm; others
attach to the ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC
RETICULUM
• found in ALL cells
C. Ribosomes
• the site where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled
• is primarily a transportation system
• ROUGH - has ribosomes
• SMOOTH - no ribosomes
D. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
• Processing, Packaging, and Secretion
• System of membranes made of flattened sac like structures
E. Golgi Apparatus/Body
• Filled with enzymes • Digestion of macromolecules
(lipids, carbohydrates, and
proteins) into molecules that
can be used by the cell
• Involved in breaking down old cell parts
(Not found in plant cells)
F. Lysosomes
• for temporary storage of materials,
especially water
- big in plant cells
- small in animal cells
G. Vacuoles
VacuoleAnimalCell
PlantCell
• Converts chemical energy stored in food into compounds that the cell can use
•"POWERHOUSE" OF THE CELL- ATP is the ENERGY molecule of the cell- ATP is produced in a process called CELLULAR RESPIRATION
H. Mitochondria
I. Chloroplast
CHLOROPLASTS
• Capture energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy in a process called
Photosynthesis
• Not found in animal cells
• Helps maintain cell shape
• Helps the cell move• Consists of TWO Types of structures:
- MICROFILAMENTS (threadlike)
- MICROTUBULES (hollow)
J. Cytoskeleton
- cylindrical structures that are composed
of groupings of microtubules
- function in cell division
(Not found in plant cells)
K. Centrioles
• Extend from the surface of the cell
• Assist in movement• CILIA are short hair like projections (not in plants)
• FLAGELLA are long whip like projections
L. CILIA AND FLAGELLA
Etymology
Cytoplasm: cyto-, (cell) + -plasm (to mold) Chloroplast: chloro- (Gk. KHLOROS, greenish
yellow) + -plast (to mold) Endoplasmic: endo- (in) + -plasmic (to mold) Lysosome: lyso- (loosening or dissolving) + -some
(Gk. SOMA, body) Flagellum: (L. FLAGELLUM, little whip) Cilia: (L. CILIUM, eyelid) NOTE: Cilia reminded scientists of eyelashes.
Vacuole: (L. VACUUS, empty)