MAJOR TEST (CCA) REVIEW

for Week #6

in

Science

Term Definition or Memory TrickMake an observation Tell what you see, hear, feel, smell, or taste OR

Use any of your 5 senses to gather information

Make an inference Figure something out

Conserve Save it so that it doesn’t run out; Don’t use up; Use it wisely

Draw a conclusion Use reason to decide what you believe

Eliminate To get rid of

Sequence Put in order, one thing after another (1st, 2nd, 3rd, etc.)

Give Qualitative dataGive descriptions (ex: big, old, round, blue) that tell what something looks like, sounds like, feels like, smells like, or tastes like

Give Quantitative dataGive numbers, amounts, how much, how many (35 of them, 4.5 cm, 200 miles per hour, etc.)

Summarize or Give a summary Make a statement that covers only the main points

Absorb Soak up OR drink in (ex: a sponge absorbs water, your brain absorbs knowledge)

Inhale Breathe in

Ingest Eat

Initial The beginning or the first thing

Term Definition or Memory TrickIncrease Make more; make greater (E.g., Eating too much increases the size

of your stomach. Sunlight and water increase plant growth.)

Decrease Make less (E.g., Eating candy right before a meal can decrease your appetite. Exercising can decrease fat in your body.)

Reliability Believability (E.g., conducting many trials in an experiment will increase the reliability of the results that you observe.)

Trend “The general direction in which something moves” (E.g., If the temperatures in Houston is 70 degrees, and then it moves up 5 degrees each day for 5 days, you could say that there is a TREND. The temperature moves in the direction of increasing 5 degrees each day. You could use this TREND to predict the weather three days in the future. What temperature would it be then? If the TREND were to continue, the temperature would be 110 degrees, right?

Corrosive Eats away at; burns into (E.g., The acid is corrosive, so don’t get it on you – or you’ll be burned!)

Observe Notice – using your five senses to see, taste, hear, feel, or smell (E.g., you observed how many drops of water a penny held.)

Valid Believable, logical, done in such a way that others think it is correctly done (E.g., To make your penny lab valid, you had to make sure that only one person dropped all the drops of water on the penny. If you were “nice” and “took turns,” you invalidated your experiment (because you added too many variables!).

Invalid Not valid, not believable, not correctly or logically done (E.g., see

above sentence)

Pie Graph

• Looks like this:• Is used to show

the the parts that make up one whole thing

• Is used to show

percentages

Line Graph

• Is used to show how something

CHANGES OVER TIME

• Looks like this:Temperatures in Houston

01020304050607080

Mon

day

Tuesd

ay

Wedn

esday

Thurs

day

Friday

Satur

day

Sunda

y

Day of the Week

Tem

per

atu

re (

in D

egre

es

Far

enh

eit)

Do you see how the temperature is changing over time – over a week?

Do you see a PATTERN?

Bar Graph• Is used to COMPARE ONE THING TO

A DIFFERENT THING

• Looks like this:

How Many of Each Candy Color is in a Bag of M & Ms?

0

2

4

6

8

10

Red Blue Green Yellow Purple Orange

Color

Nu

mb

er

Do you see that one color is being compared to a different color?

If the present trend in temperature continues, what will the temperature be on Tuesday?

Temperatures in Houston

01020304050607080

Day of the Week

Tem

pera

ture

(in

Deg

rees

Fa

renh

eit)

If the trend of “moving up by 5” continues, then you could predict the temperature to be _____________ by Tuesday.85 degrees

Which kind of graph should you use to show each of the following situations?

You need to compare the weights of different students to each other.

You need to show what percentage of students made As on the last test.

You need to show how your height changes over the years.

Temperatures in Houston

01020304050607080

Day of the Week

Tem

pera

ture

(in

Deg

rees

Fa

renh

eit)

How Many of Each Candy Color is in a Bag of M & Ms?

0

2

4

6

8

10

Red Blue Green Yellow Purple Orange

Color

Nu

mb

er

REMEMBER A&W ROOTBEER

When diluting acid (to make it weaker), always pour the acid into water, never water into acid.

Look! The A for acid pours neatlyinto water.

Look! The W for water spills out over the A for Acid.

What is the color of the initial bar in the following graph?

How Many of Each Candy Color is in a Bag of M & Ms?

0

2

4

6

8

10

Red Blue Green Yellow Purple Orange

Color

Nu

mb

er

Red (Remember that “initial” means “first.”YOUR initials are the FIRST letters of your names.)

What is the initial safety rule you follow as you enter the lab room?

Read the board for directions as youlook for the safety equipment

to be sure that it is all working. (Remember that “initial” means “first.”)

General Safety Rules

1. Listen to or read instructions carefully before attempting to do anything.

2. Wear safety goggles to protect your eyes from chemicals, heated

materials, or things that might be able to shatter.

3. Notify your teacher if any spills or accidents occur.

Chemical Safety

1. Wear protective goggles whenever heating or pouring hazardous chemicals.

2. Never mix chemicals together unless you are told to do so (and then only in the manner specified).

3. Never taste any chemicals (you should never taste anything in the lab).

Glassware Safety1. Chipped or cracked glassware should not be

used. Show it to the teacher.

2. Broken glassware should not be disposed of in a classroom trashcan. There is a special glass disposal container for it.

3. If a piece of glassware gets broken, do not try to clean it up by yourself.

Notify the teacher.

When working with heat or fire, you will need to wear safety goggles.

To move hot objects you will need to use the right tongs. Different types of containers use different sets of tongs.

Fume Safety: Danger of fumes. Do not inhale!

Poison: Use caution, substance is toxic (poisonous)!

What does this symbol mean?

This chemical is corrosive! Don’t let this chemical get on you or in your eyes! It will “eat through” your skin and burn your eyes!!!!

If you conducted an experiment with onlyone trial, what could be said about the

reliability of the experiment?

A.The experiment is valid.B.The experiment is not reliable because

you needed to conduct more trials.C.The experiment is very reliable because

you only need to conduct one trial in any experiment.

D.None of the above

You see your friends in a canoe. Make observations about them.

1.One is brunette, the other red-headed.

2.Each friend is using one paddle. 3.Both friends are smiling.

The following are just examples:

Observations can be qualitative or quantitative. Make some quantitative observations:

1.There are TWO girls in the canoe.

2.Each girl is using ONE paddle.3.There is only 1 canoe. 4.The canoe is 2 meters long

The following are just examples:

Your friends return from a canoe tripand are soaking wet. What inferencemight you make?

You might infer that it rained, they fell out, the canoe tipped over, etc.

The following are just possibilities. You might think of others:

Qualitative or Quantitative observation?

The penny is new and shiny.

Qualitative (no numbers, just describing words)

Qualitative or Quantitative observation?

The shoes have ten (10) eyelets.The shoes have ten (10) eyelets.

Quantitative (has numbers)

What is the Scientific Method?

A series of steps that _____________ use to answer a__________ or solve a ___________. We use the scientific method every time that we conduct a lab ________________.

scientists

questionProblem

investigation

Steps of the Scientific Method,in Order?

1. Problem, Materials, Hypothesis, Conclusion

2. Conclusion, Data, Materials, Hypothesis

3. Hypothesis, Materials, Conclusion, Results

4. Problem, Hypothesis, Materials, Procedure

Use the sentence at left to help you remember the steps of the scientific method

at right:

• People• Hate• Mud• Pigs• Don’t Really• Care

• Problem• Hypothesis• Materials• Procedure• Data or Results• Conclusion

Match the name to the description of steps in the Scientific Method?

• Guess of an answer• The “REAL” or “RIGHT” answer to

the question• The information that you discover• A question you want to answer• List of supplies that you’ll need to

conduct the “test”• The list of steps you must follow to

conduct the experiment

• Problem• Hypothesis• Materials• Procedure• Data or Results• Conclusion

Hypothesis

• Is an educated guess that answers the question in the problem

• Often, it is an If …then If …then statementstatement

• Example: Example: IfIf a penny has a greater a penny has a greater diameter than a dime, diameter than a dime, thenthen the penny will hold the penny will hold more water drops on more water drops on top of it.top of it.

The table indicates the amount of time that four different brands of batteries worked in a

flashlight. Which of the following statements is supported by this information?

A. Brand L caused the light to shine farther than the other brands tested.

B. Brand M lasted longer than the other brands tested.C. Brand N gave off a stronger light than the other brands tested D. Brand O was more expensive than the other brands tested.

The table indicates the amount of time that four different brands of batteries worked in a

flashlight. Which of the following statements is supported by this information?

A. Brand L caused the light to shine father than the other brands tested.

B. Brand M lasted longer than the other brands tested.C. Brand N gave off a stronger light than the other brands tested D. Brand O was more expensive than the other brands tested.

Choose the correct quantitative

observation.

A. The bottle has 15cm of water in it.

B. The liquid in the bottle is thick.

C. The liquid in the bottle is red.

D. The liquid in the bottle is clear

Choose the quantitative observation.

A. The bottle has 15 (fifteen) cm of water in it.

B. The liquid in the bottle is thick.

C. The liquid in the bottle is red.

D. The liquid in the bottle is clear

Independent VariablesRemember I, I, I…

What do I (the scientist doing the

experiment)change in the experiment?

I change this variable.

Some Scientists call Independent Variables a

different name. They call them Manipulated Variables

Think man, man, man…

“You da Man!”

You are the Man (or

woMAN) who changes this variable on purpose – to see what will happen!

The INDEPENDENT or MANIPULATED variable in an experiment is:

• the only thing YOU changed with each test of the experiment

REMEMBER that YOU decide what this change will be!

The DEPENDENT variable is:

• The information that you WANT to find out• What you want to learn from the experiment