Entomology

ENTOMOFAUNA OF SUGARCANE IN MALAYSIA

G.T. Lim and Y.C. Pan

Sugarcane Experiment Station, Gula Perak Berhad, Pantai Remis, Dindings, Perak, Malaysia

ABSTRACT

A preliminary list of insect pests associated with sugarcane and their arthropod natural enemies is presented based on collections made in 1970-1978 at sugarcane plantations in several states of Malaysia. A total of 360 species of insect pests and 120 specie,^ of natural ememies were recorded belonging to 98 and 34 families, respectively. Among them 32 species are considered as important pests of sugarcane.

Economic importance and control measures are briefly discussed.

INTRODUCTION

Sugarcane is one of the main crops in Malaysia. Plantations have been estab lished in the States of Perak, Kedah, Johore, Perlis and Negeri Sembilan on land which was formerly deep primary jungle and planted with varieties of sugarcane which were imported from other cane growing countries.

In the tropics, the insect fauna i s abundant in number of species and indivi- duals and natural enemies are also numerous. A l is t of sugarcane insect pests was published by Corbet and ~ater,' but it was incomplete and confined to a small area. The present survey of sugarcane pests and their arhropod natural enemies has been carried out in several states of West Malaysia from 1970-1978.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The survey of sugarcane arthropod insect pests was made in large cane fields and on small-holder farms by sweeping, cutting open the stems of cane setts or sieving samples of soil from around the plants. A light trap was used for the col- lection of certain nocturnal species. Specimens collected were then brought back'to laboratory for preserving or rearing.

To obtain the parasitoids, the parasitized hosts were collected from the fields and kept in an insectary until emergence. The predators were collected when observed attacking their hosts. The majority of the pests and their natural enemies was sent to the Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, London, United Kingdom for identification.

1658

ENTOMOLOGY

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

As expected, the number of insect pests and their parasitoids and predators was found to be large and varied, many of which are first records or new species, while others st i l l await determination. In Part I of the Results i s listed the insect pests and in Part I I, their parasitoids and predators.

Species found feeding on Sugarcane

Major pests are marked with an asterisk. Where the genus contains more than one species, the number i s given in bracket.

Foliage feeders

Orthoptera Family: Acrididae

Acrida furrita L. Acrida willemsei D irsh A tractomorpha psittacina de Haan Ca tantops humilis Serv . Catantops plendens Thunberg Choroedocus illustris Walker Erianthus guttatus Westwood Gastrimargus marmoratus Thu n berg Horneop ternis cinctifemus Wa I ker Oxyga hyla Serville Patanga succincta L. Phlaeoba an tennate Br u n ner Stenocatantops plendens Thunberg Tagasta marginella Th u n berg Tetrix sp. Traulia annadelei C. Bolivar Trilophidia cinnulata Thu nberg *Valanga nigricornis Burmeister Xenocatan tops humilis Servil le

Family: Tettigoniidae

Ducetia japonica (Thu nberg) Hexacentrus sp. Mecopoda elonga ti L .

Lepidoptera

Family: Arctiidae

Amsacta lactinea Cram. Chicnaema perornata Walker Crea tono tus gangis L . Creatonotus transiens Walker Neasura apicalis Walker Utethreisa lotrix Cramer

Family: Amathusiidae

G. T. LIM AND Y. C. PAN

Discophora timora perakensis Stickel

~amity: Gelechiidae

? Autosticha sp.

Family: Geometridae

Hyposidra sp. ? talaca Walker

Family: Glyphipterigidae

lmma sp. ? psoricopa Mey r

Family: Heliodinidae

Eretmocera impactella Walker

Family: Hesperiidae

Telico ta augias ( L .) Telicota bambusae (Moore) bina Evanas

Family: Limacolidae

Parasa bicolor Walker Thosea sinensis Walker

Family: Lycidae

Trichalus communis Waterh

Family: Lymantriidae

Dasychira mendosa H b. Euproctis varians Walker Orgyia turkata Butl Psalis pennatula F.

Family: Lyonetiidae

Decadarchis sp. ? Spodomicta Mey r Opogyona theobroma Brad l

Family: Noctuidae

Heliothis armigera H b . Leucania separata Walker Spodop tera litura F . Spodoptera mauritia Boisd

Family: Nolidae

? Nola sp.

Family: Picridae

Ca topsilla p yran the pyran the L. Melantis leda (L .) ismene Cr .

Family: Psychidae

Acanthopsyche sp. *Clqnia variegata S he1 l ~ ~ z h ~ s t o ~ s ~ c h e pendula Joannis

j -- I " ' - 3

a 5 ;

Family: Syntomidae

Syntomis sperbius F . Family: Tinaeidae

Tinea fraudulens Rosen Tinea sp. near Trita Meyr Tinea sp.

Family: Xyloryctidae

Procometia trochala Meyr

Family: Zygaenidae %$

Artona cataxantha Hmps.

Coleoptera

Family: Anthicidae Anthicus sp. Macratria fouqueti Pic.

Family: Anthricidae

Eucorynus crassicornis ( F.)

Family: Bostrychidae

Sinoxylon anale Lesne

Family: Byrrhidae

Syncalypta sp.

Family: Chrysomelidae Cassidinae

Aspidomorpha malaccana Spa. Aspidomorpha milliaris ( F .) Epistictina viridimacula ta B h m. Metriona catenata ( Boh )

Chrysomelinae

Chalcolampra sedecium pustulata (Stal )

Criocerinae

Crioceris impressa ( F . ) Crioceris, semipunctata ( F . )

Clytrinae

Aspidolopha bifasciata I I I

Eurnolpinae

Pachnephorus sp.

Galerucinae

Aulacophora fron talis Bat y , Madurasia quadrimaculata Jac. - 7 Monolepta sp.

Halticinae

*Altica sp. Aphthona sp. Chaetocnemia basalis' ~ a l y Chaetocnema sp. Nisotra chrysomeloides Jac.

Hispinae

k Gen. nr. Promecotheca sp.

Family: Coccinelidae

Epilachna indica Mu Is.

Family: Colydiidae

Bitoma siccana Psac.)

Family: Curculionidae

Blosyrus asellus 0 l iv . Corigetus corbetti Msh I. Gastero clisus binodulus l l l ig Hyporneces squarnosus F.

Family: Dytiscidae

Can th ydrus flarnomolatus S hp. Canthydrus ritsemae Regt .

Family: Limnichidae B yrrhinus sp .

Family: Melyridae

ldgis sp. ? atriceps Charp.

Family: Pselaphidae

Gen. & sp. ?

Dermaptera

Family: Chelisochidae

Proreus simulans (Stal )

Family: Forficulidae

Hypurgus humeralis ( K irby )

Psocoptera

Family : Archipsocidae

Archipsocus sp.

Family: Hemipsocidae

1663 ENTOMOLOGY

The foliage feeders of sugarcane iecorded comprised 101 species belonging to five orders and 37 families. These pests are often considered as of minor im- portance. Damage caused by these pests was slight and because of the mortalin/ brought about by burning the sugarcane fields prior to harvesting, further control measures for these pests was unnecessary.

Sap feeders

Hemiptera

Family: Achilidae

Akotropis sp. ? furmata Mats Ball omarius s p . P r

Callinesia sp . Deferunda sp .

Family: Acleridae

Aclerda takahashii Kuw

Family: Aleyrodidae

Aleurolobus barodensis (Maskell) Neomaskellia bergii Sign

Family: Aphididae

Aphis citricola v.d, Goot (= Spiraecola) Aphis gossypii Glover *Aphis maidis (Fitch) "Ceratovacuna lanigera (Z eh nt ) Hysteroneura setariae (Thos) Longiunguis sacchari Zeh nt

Family: Aphrophoridae

Clovia conifer (Walk) "Clovia sp. ? sarawakana Lall.

Family: Aradidae

Mezira triangulus Berg r

Family: Berytidae

Metacan thus pulchellus Da I I

Family: Ceropidae

Callitettix versicolor (Fabr.) Ectemnono tum bivittatum Lsp. & Ser . Eoscarta sp.

Family: Cicadellidae

Amrasca sp. *Balclutha sp. (5) Bothrogonia sp. Cicadella spectra D ist . Cicadella sp .

- - -

I I

G. T. L I M A N D Y . C. PAN 1664

*Cicadulina bipunctata (Mel) sp. ? capitata (Kirk) Coelidai sp. sen. Lat. Deltocephalus sp. "Empoascanara sp . ( 2) Exitianus indicus (D i s t .) Exitianus sp. Hecalus sp. lnazuma dorsalis (Motsch) Kolla mimica Dist. Kolla sp. Ledrotypa sp . Litura unda Knight Nephotettix apicalis Motsch Nephotettix impicticeps l shihara Nephotettix nigrop~ctus (Stall Nephotettix virescens ( D i s t .) Paramesodes albinen/osus (Mats) (2) Petalocephalus sp. ( 1 ) *Pruthiana sp . Thaia sp. Xestocephalus sp . ( 1 ) *Yamatotettix flavovittatus Mats. Gen. & sp. ? (22)

Family: Cixiidae

Sp. nr. Caneirona indica Dist. Euryphlepsia sp. Oliarus cocosivora Mu ir Oliarus sp .

Family: Coccidae

Gen.&sp.? (1)

Family: Colobathristidae

Phaenacanthe bicolor ( D i st.) "Phaenacantha saccharicida Karsch Phaenacantha sp .

Family: Coreidae

Anoplocnemis phasiana F. Anoplocnemis sp. (2 Homoeocerus serrifer Westw Homoeocerus s p . Leptocorisa acuta Thunb. Lep tocorisa chinensis (Dal I) Leptocbrisa orotorius Thunb ( F abr.) Leptocorisa ru fomanginata (Fa br .) Leptoglossus australis ( Fabr .) Leptortus lineah Nictis sp.

1665 ENTOMOLOGY

~otob i tus sp. ? affinis (Dall) Riptortus sp.

Family: Delphacidae

Cem us sp . Dicranotropis sp. ( 1 ) *Eoeurysa flavocapitata M u ir Nilaparvata lugens (S tal ) ' *Perkinsiella saccharicida Kirk Sogatella sp. (3) Toya propinqua ( Fieb) Gen. nr. Toya sp. Tropidocep-hala atra ta D i st. Tropidocephala festiva D i st. *Tropidocephala saccharivorella Mats. Tropidocephala signata D i s t . Tropidocephala sp . ( 1 ) Gen,&sp.? (1)

Family: Derbidae

Cedusa sp. Kamendaka sp. Lamenia sp. ? Levu sp. Perandenina sp. Proutista moesta (Westwl ? Photana sp. Zoraida sp. ( 1 ) Gen. & sp. ? (1)

Family: Diaspididae

Aulaca.~pis madiunensis (Zeh nt ) Greenaspis decurva ta (Green )

Family: Dictyopharidae

Philotheria sp. Thanatodictya fuscovittata (Stall

Family: Flatidae

Family: lssidae

Lavane Consprese (Walk) ? Brahmaloka sp.

Family: Lophopidae

Lophops saccharicida K irk

Family: ~ygaeidae- -

Geocoris tricolor ( Fabr .) Germalus greeni D i st.

G. T. LIM AND Y . C. PAN 1666

Pachybrachius nietneri (Do hrn) Pachybrachius pacificus (Stall Pachybrachius sp.

Family: Meenoplidae

Nisia sp.

Family: Membracidae

, Anchon ulniforme Buckt Lep tocen trus sp .

Family: Miridae

Creontiades sp . Crytorhinus lividipennis Reuter Deraeccoris's p. Hallodapus albofasciatus. (Notsch) Proboscidecoris sp .

Family: ~entatomidae ' ,

Dalpada t~imaculata Westw Gestomus pygmacus Dall Halyomorpha ficus F . Megarrhamphus rostratus' F. Megarrhamphus sp . Menida histrio (Fabr.) Meygmenum brevicorne ( Fabr.) Nezara viridula ( L. ) Phynchocoris humeralis (Thunb) Scotinophara lurida Burmeister Scotinophara coarctata Fab. Tetroda sp.

Family: Plataspidae

Brachyplatys subaeneus Westw. Cop tosoma sp .

Famil y : Psuedococcidae

*Saccharicoccus sacchari (C kl I)

Family: Pyrrhocoridae

Dysderus megalopygus Breddin

Family: Ricaniidae

Ricania sp. ( 1 )

Family: Tingidae

Cantacader sp . Family: Tropiduchidae

Baruncides albosignata Dist . Epora sp.

Thysanoptera

Family: Thripidae

Fulmekiola serrata ( Kobus) Thrips ? flavidus Bagnall

Twenty-nine out of the 176 species of hemipterous sap feeders are considered as important pests.

None of the species of fulgorid and ~icadojd causes direct damage of coyse- quence to sugarcane, but several species of Perkinsiella and Cicadulina are vectors of Fuji and streak disease (Pemberton and Charpenter5) and are theretore of considerable potential importance.

Sugarcane wooly aphid, Ceratovacuna lanigera (Zehnt), mealybug Sacchari- coccus sacchari (C kl I), sugarcane whiteflies Nemaskella bergii Sign. and Aleurolobus barodensis (Maskell), sugarcane scale insects Aclerda takahashi (Kuw), Aulacaspic madiunensis (Zehnt) and Greenaspis decurvata (Green), f rog-hoppers Clovia ? sarawakana Lall and Clovia conifer (Walk) and two species of sugarcane thrips Fulmekiola serrata (Kobus) and Thrips ? flavipus are normally kept under control by parasitoids and predators. Work on chemical control has not yet proved effect- ive.

The outbreak of the colobathristid bug, Phaenacantha saccharricida Kansch has been reported in several states of West Malaysia (Lim and Pan3). Application of 0.07% endosulfan (Thiodan) was used in Kedah and Perlis for the control of this colobathristid bug (Tan and Johnson6).

Stalk borers

Lepidoptera

Family: Cossidae

*Phragmatoecia Castaneae H b. *Phragmatoecia gumata Swin hoe *Phragmotoecia panfipuncta H m ps Phragmatoecia sp. Zeuzera conferta Wal ker

Family: Noctuidae

*Sesamia inferens Walker

Family: Pyralidae

Ancylolomia sp. ? indica F & R Chilo incertellus Wlk ner Zak Chilo indicus Kapur Chilo polychrysa (Mey r) *Chilo sacchariphagus Bojer Chilo terrenellus Sn . Rag Chilotrala infuscatellus Sn. *Emmalocera umbricostella Rag. ? Emmalocera sp. Scirpophaga rhodoproctalis Hmps *Triporyza nivella ( F .I

G. 7. LIM AND Y . C. PAN

Family: Tortricidae

XTetramoera schistaceana Snel l

Coleoptera

Family: Curculionidae

*Calanda sp. *Rhodocnemis obscures boisd Gen. & sp. ? (2)

Family: Scolytidae

"Xyleborus fornicatus Richh

Diptera

Family: Chloropidae

Gen & sp. ?

Family: Micropezidae

Mimegralla ? coerulifrons Macquert

At least 11 of the 25 recorded species of stalk or stem borers are listed as important pests. Some of these create serious problems and several others are potentially important. The relative importance of the borers in each state is dif- ferent. Biological control of moth borers has been successfully established in Perak ( ~ i m ~ ) . Control of stalk borers by Trichogramma continues to! be satis- factory (Pan and ~ i m ~ ) .

Tumidiclava sp. (Hym : Trichogrammatidae) i s used for the control of sugar- cane giant borers Phragmatoecia gumata in Perak. In othgr states insecticides were applied for the control of these borers.

Dipterous borers are not serious pests although they occassionall y attacked the seedlings.

The beetle borers are potentially important in certain areas. Field hygiene i s stressed in the plantations as a means of reducing numbers.

Soil insects

Orthoptera

Family: Cryllidae

Anaxipha ? longealata Chopard Brachytrupesportentosus (Lichtenstein) Patiscus malayanus Chopard Scleropterous coriaceus (Haan) Teleogryllus consimilis ( Wql ker ) Trigonidium cicindeloides humbetianum (Saussuro)

Family: Grylloptaipidae

Gryllotalpa africana Beauvois

Family: Oecanthidae

Oecanthus ? < . 't, 1 - 3

(.: .

ENTOMOLOGY

Tridactylus thoracicus Gu er i n

l soptera

Family: Rhinotermitidae

Coptermes javanicus Kemner

Family: Termitidae

Globitermes sul,bhureus H av . H ymenoptera

Family: Formicidae

Acantholepis sp . Anoplolepis lonnipes (Jerdon)

I

Campenotus sp. (fulvomarginatus group ) Crematogaster sp . Meranoplus sp. Polyrhachis proxima Roger Tapinoma sp. Tetraponera rufonigra (Jerdon) Tetraponera sp.

Hemiptera

Family: Cicadidae

Dundubia rufivena Walk . , "Mausa SP. Platylomia sp. Pomponia sp.

Coleoptera

Family: Anthicidae

Anthicus sp. ( 1 ) Macratria fouqueti Pic.

Family: Cerambycidae Lamiinae

Pterolophia sp. nr. robinsoni Gah.

Cerambycinae

Chlorophorus annularis (F .)

Family: Elateridae

"Agryphus sp. *Heteroderes sp. Lacen sinensis Cand.

Family: Endomychidae

Parindalmus quadriluna tus (G erst) Trochoideus desjardinsii G u er

Family: Helodidae

Ora sp.

G. T. LIM AND Y. C. PAN 1670

Seirtes pellucidus Waterh

Family: Hybosoridae

Ochodaeus xanthornelas (Wied)

Family: lnopeplidae

Inopeplus albonotatus (Mots)

Family: Monommatidae

Monornrna sp. nr. glaphysternurn Mars.

Family: Mordellidae

Hoshihananornia sp. ? octoguttata (Montr.)

Family: Nitidulidae

Cybocephalus sp . Urophorus sp. nr. foreicollis (Murray

Family: Phalacridae

Heterolitus thoracirus ( F leut)

Family: Scarabaeidae Cetoniinae

Glycyphana festiva ( F.) Glycyphana sinuata (Wallace) Protretia acurninata ( F .)

Dynastinae

Alissonoturn piceurn ( F . 1 Clyster trach ygygus Prel l Oryctes rhinoceros L. Xylotropes gideon L.

Halticinae

Aph thona sp . Melolenthinae

*Apogonia sp. ? expeditionis Rits Hoplia sp. Lachnosterna sp.

Hutelina O

*Adorerus cornpressus (Weber ) Anornala cupripes Hope) Anornala sp. Parastasia confluens Westw

Fifty-eight species of soil insects, belonging to 20 families were recorded. The termites are important pests in cane fields. The usual treatment i s application of 8 - BHC after manually destroying the mounds. Damage to sugarcane by white grubs and wireworms has been observed but the occurrence of these pests is not yet widespread in Malaysia. Although the soil insect pests have to be recognized

1671 ENTOMOLOGY

control measures have not far proved necessary.

Part 11. The parasitoids and predators of sugarcane insect pests

OrderIFamily Species

Parasitoids Hymneoptera

Aphelinidae

Aphelinus sp. '

Centrodora sp.

Encarsia sp.

Host

) Ceratovacuna langiera ( Ze h nt) 1 Longiunguis sacchari (Ze hnt)

1 Valanga nigricornis Bur mei s ter

1 Aleurolobus barodonsis (Maskell ) 1 Neomaskellia bergii Sign

Bethylidae

Rhabdep yris sp . 1 Chilo sacchariphagus Bojer ) Tetramoera schistaceana S nel l

Braconidae

Apantales flavipes Cam. ) Chilo sacchariphagus Bojer ( Chilo sacchariphagus Bojer

1 Bracon chinensis ) Sesamia inferens Walker

s ( Szeptl igeti 1 Chilotraea infuscatellus Sn .

* *Bracon hebetor Say \ Emmalocera sp31 li )':I;

Tetramoera schistaceana Snell ) Chilo sacchariphagus Bojer

( Rhaconotus sp . ) Emmalocera sp.

) Triporyza nivella ( F . )

Spathius hella N ixon Chilo sacchariphagus Bojer

Spa thius sp . Chilo sacchariphagus Bojer

Ckalcididae Brach ymeria lasus ) Chi10 sp.

(Walker)

Brach ymeria sp. Emmalocera sp.

--

Y. C. PAN AND G . T. LIM 1672

Encyrtidae

Anagyrus sp. Saccharicoccus sacchari (C kl I)

) Ceratovacuna Yanigera (Zehnt ) Aphidencyrtus sp. ) Longiunguis sacchari (Zehn t)

Neoprochiloneurus sp. ) ) Aclerda takahashii Kuw

Nikolskiella sp.

Ocencyrtus malayensis ) Leptocorisa acuta T hunb

Ferriere

Trichomasthus sp. Acleda takahashii KUW

Eucharitidae

Stilbula sp. Crema togaster sp.

The parasitoids propagated in the Experiment Station for the control of sugar- cane moth borers are marked with two asterisks.

Eulophidae

Tetrastichus sp. 1 (Crino group) 1

) Eoeurysa flavocapitala MU i r )

Tetrastichus sp.

Tetras tichus israeli (Mani Kurian) ) Sesamia inferens Walker

Eupelmidae

Anastatus sp.

Formicidae

Oecoplylla srnaragdina ) Chilo sacchariphagus Boj er )

Fab. ) Sesamia inferens Walker 1 ) TetramoeraschistaceanaSnell 1

Tetramorium guineense ) Phragmatoecia guma ta Swi nh oe

Fab. ) Emmalocera sp. d

lchneumonidae

Trophocampa sp . Parasara sp.

Vulgichneumon sp. Spodoptera sp . Xanthocampoplex sp. nr. 1

b L ) Phragmatoecia gumata Swinhoe

P

ENTOMOLOGY

Nigromaculata ( Cam. )

Xan thopimpla sp.

Mymaridae Anagrus op tabilis

(Perkina)

Anagrus sp.

Platygasteridae

Amitus sp.

Pteromalidae

,oromuscides?

un fasciativen tris Gir.

Scelionidae

Telenomus sp.

Telenomus sp . Cryon flavipes ( Ashm)

Scol iidae I

\

1 Scolia sp.

) Chilo sacchariphagus Bojer Sesamia inferens Walker

) Eoeurysa flavocapitata Mu ir 1 ' ) Perkinsiella saccharicida Kirk 1

Saccharicoccus sacchari (C k l I)

) Neomaskellia bergii Sign

) Aleurolobus barodensis i ~ a s k e l I)

' Aclerda takahashii (Kuw)

) Chilo sacchariphagus Bojer

) Emmalocera sp.

Leptocorisa sp.

Leptocorisa sp.

) Oryctes rhinoceros L.

) Xylotropes gideon L . Sphecidae

Liris aurata (Fabr.) Brach ytrupes portentosus

(Lichtenstein)

Trichogrammatidae c' * * * Trichogramma australicum ) j,, t,?

I * ,

'/ Chilo sacchi$)iphagus Bojer 1

{I. Girult

1 * "Trichograrnma chilotraeae )

) Emmalocera sp. Nagaraja & Nagarkatti )

* * Trichogramma confusum 1 ) Tetramoera schistaceana Snel l

Viggiani * * 1

Trichogramma japonicum ) ) Sesamia inferens Walker

Ashmead 1

G. T. L I M AND Y. C. PAN

1 " "Trichogrammatoidea nana )

) Phragmatoecia gumata Swinhoe (Zehnt) ) Phragmatoecia gqmata Swinhoe

1 ) Phragmatoecia castaneae Hb ) Phragmatoecia parvipuncta Hmp s 1 ) Phragmatoecia sp.

Diptera

Anthomyiidae

Anthomyia sp. Gastrimargus sp.

Stenomicra sp. Gastrimargus sp.

Tachinidae

Carcellia sp . Dasychira sp.

Cuphocera varia F . Spodop tera sp.

Plaexorista lucagus (Walk) Creatonotus gangis L.

Pseudogonia rufifrons (Wield) Dasychira sp.

Stomatomyia sp. Chilo saccariphagus Bojer

Sturmiopsis inferens Chilo sacchariphagus Bojer

(Towns) Sesamia inferens Walker

Predators

Coleoptera

Carabidae

(Casnoided nigro fascia ta (Se h n-G ) )

Cryp tocephalomorpha gaverei R its )

Desera geniculata ( K 1 ug ) 1

Lachnothorax tokkia Gestro ) Various insect pests

6 ymnastis pilosus Bates 1 \

Pheropsophus jessoensis Mar 1

Planetes pendleburyl And r

Selina westermanni Mots 1 Cicindelidae

Cicindela aurulenta F . 1 Collyris diardi Latr ,& Dej. ) Various insect pests

1675 ENTOMOLOGY

Coccinellidae 1

Chilocorus nigritus ( F .)

1 1

Chilocorus politus M uls. )

1

I Coccinella arcuata ( F .) 1

1 Coccinella repanda (Th .)

Coelophora inaequalis ( F 1 1

Ceratovacuna Ianigera (Zehnt) Aphis maidis (F itch) Longiunguis ,sacchari (Zehnt) Hysteroneura setariae (Thos) Saccharicoccus sacchari (C k l I)

Aulacaspis rnadiunensis (Zehnt)

Greenaspic decurva ta (Green)

Ceratovacuna lanigera (Zehnt) Aphis maidis (F itch)

L ongiunguis sacchari Zeh n t )

H ysteroneura setariae (Thos)

) Ceratovacuna lanigera ( Ze h n t )

Aphis maidis {F itch)

Cr/ptogonus fulvoterminatus Longiunguis sacchari (Zehnt)

Boh ) Hysteroneura setariae (Thos)

) Saccharicoccus sacchari (C k l I) Illeis bistigmosa Mu 1 s 1

) Ceratovacuna (Zehnt) ) Aphis rnaidis (Fitch)

Menochilus sexmaculata ( F . ) ) Longiunguis sacchari (Ze h n t ) ) Hysteroneura setariae (Thos)

1 Pullus pallidocellis M ul s )

1 Pullus sp. 1

1 Rodolia sp.

1 1 1 1

I 1

Cera tovacuna laginera (Zeh n t ) Aphis anaidis (F itch)

L ongiunguis sacchari (Zeh nt )

Hysteroneura setariae

&ccharicoccus sachari (Ckll )

Allwolobus barodensis (Maskel I )

Neomaskellk bergii Sign 1 ) Aphis maidis (F itch )

Scymnus sp. ? nubilus Huls ) Longiunguis sacchari (Zehnt)

) Hysteroneura setariae (Thos) 1 ) Saccharicoceus sacchari (Ck 1 I)

Y. C. PAN AND G. T. LIM 1676

) Ceratovacuna lanigera (Zehnt) Spilocaria bissellata Muls. ) Aphis maidis ( F itch)

) ~eratovacuna'lanigera (Zeh nt)l 1 ) Longiunguis sacchari ( Ze hnt) 1

Synonyocha Thunb ) Hysteroneura setariae (Thos)

Staphyl inidae

Carpelimus peregrinus (Cam .) Chilo sacchariphagus Bojer

Coproporus sp. ' Tetramoera schistaceana Snel l

\ Sesamia inferens Walker

/ Emmalocera sp.

Paederus sondaicus Fa uv. ' Phragmaoecia guma ta Swi n hoe

Philonthus aeneipennis Boh Triporyza nivella ( F .)

Dictyoptera

Mantodea : Mantidae

Tropidomantis tenera (Stall ) Various insect pests

StatiliamaculataThunberg )

Diptera , Asilidae

Philodicus chinensis Schiner ) Monolepta sp.

Syrphidae

Cephalochrysa maxima (Bezzi) ) )

sp. demeijerei Lindner ) Aphis maidis (Fitch) 1

Eristalinus quinquestriatus ) Ceratovacuna lanigera (Zehnt) 1

Eumerus insistens Curran ) Hysteroneurasetariae (Thos) 1

Paragus serratus F . ) L ongiunguis sacchari ( Ze h n t )

Hemiptera

Anthocoridae ) Aphis maidis (Fitch)

1 ) Ceratovacuna lanigera ( Ze h nt )

An thocoris nemorum ( L.) 1 ) Hysteroneura setariae (Th 0s) 1

Blaptosthus sp. Longiunguis' sacchari (Ze h nt 1

G. T. LIM AND Y . C. PAN 1678

Villus macrops (Walk ) 1 1

Gen & sp. ( # )

Hymenoptera

Vespidae Ropalida ? marginata ( Lep) Melantis leda ( L. ) ismme G r .

Lepidoptera

Py ral idae Aphis maidis ( F itch 1 1

lsauria aphidivora M ey r ) Ceratovacuna lanigera (Ze hn t ) 1

. Hysteroneura setariae (Thos)

1 ) Longiunguis sacchari ( Ze h nt)

Neuroptera Chrysopidae

Chrysopa sp. ) Aphis maidis (Fitch)

1 ) Ceratovacuna lanigera (Ze hnt)

) Hysteroneura setariae (Thos)

1 Italochrysa sp. near aequalis ) Longiunguis sacchari (Zehnt)

1 Walker ) Perkinsiella saccharicida Kirk

Hemerobiidae ) Aphis maidis (Fitch)

1 Micromus s p. ) Ceratovacuna lanigera (Zehnt)

1 ) Hysteroneurasetariae (Thos)

1 ) Longiunguis sacchari ( Ze h nt )

Mantispidae

Austroclimaciella quadrituberculata (Westwood)

Fifty two species of parasitoids belonging to 19 families and 68 species of predators belonging to 13 families were recorded in the survey.

t l The Malay Peninsula often provide conditions in which host plant, pest and ' natural enemy can all develop continu+$ throughout the year so that there is no interruption in contact between host arid natural enemy.

1679 ENTOMOLOGY

All trichogrammatid parasitoids have been established in the Sugarcane Experiment Station, Perak, for the control of the moth borers. Search for further natural enemies i s in progress.

REFERENCES

1. Cobert, G.H. and B.A. (1926). A preliminary l i s t of food plants of some Ma- layan insects. Bull. Dep. Agric. Straits. Settle and F.M.S. 38; 1 - 95.

2. Lim, G.T. (1972). The biological control of sugarcane borers in Perak, West Malaysia. Proc. 14th Int. Congr. Ent:~anberra, Australia. 213.

,,.I

3. Lim, G.T. and Y.C. Pan (1976). Outbreak of the colobathristid bugs. ISSCT. Ent. Newsletter No. 3.

4. Pan, Y.C. and G.T. Lim (1978). Biological control of sugarcane moth borers in Malaysia. IOBC Newsletter No. 10. 3

5. Pemberton, C.E. and J. Charpentier (1969). Insect vectors of sugarcane virus diseases. Pest of sugarcane. 41 1 - 25. Amsterdam Elsevier. 568 pp.

6. Tan S.W. and C.A. Johnson (1974). Yellowing of sugarcane leaves caused by Phaenacantha saccharicida Karsh. l SSCT (1 5) : 453 - 456.

ENTOMOFAUNA DE C m A DULCE EN MALASIA

G. T. Lim y C. Pan

RESUMEN

Se presenta una lista preliminar de insectos asociados con la peste de cafia de azucar y sus enemigos antropodos naturales basado en la colleci6n liecha en 1970-1978 en las fincas de azucar en varios estados de Malasia. Se compel6 una lista de 360 especies de insec tos-pestes y 120 especies de enemigos naturales pertene- cientes a 98 y 34 familias respectivamente. Entre estos, 32 especies se consideran como pestes importantes de la cafia de azfican

Trata brevemente de la importancia econ6mica y de medidas para su control.