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Question ManagersClaim

EmployeesAccept

Diff.

Deliver promise 84% 28% 56

Advocate for staff 81% 28% 53

Give a clear direction 79% 29% 50

Assign the right people 63% 17% 46

Evaluate fairly 73% 30% 43(Rowlands, 2006)

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(Hecht et. al. , 1999)

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(Hecht et. al. , 1999)

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7(Amason and Sapienza, 1997)

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=

(Peterson and Behfar, 2003)

=

=

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(Thomas, 2008)

(Tubbs, 2010)

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11(KilmannandThomas,1975)

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(North, 2003)

SPEED

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(B) TOYOTA and GE

Enabling BureaucracyEmpowered employees

Rules as enabling toolsHierarchy supports learning

(A)

Coercive BureaucracyExtensive written rules

Rigid rule enforcementHighlight poor performance

(D)

OrganicEmpowered employees

Minimum Rules

(C)

AutocraticMinimum written rules

Hierarchy controls

(Adler, 1999 as cited by Liker, 2004)

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16(Williams, 2004)

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17(Ford, 2001)

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18(Williams, 2004)

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