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Manifest Destiny. 1840s movement – Americans believed that their movement westward & southward was destined (ordained by God) “the fulfillment of our manifest destiny to overspread the continent allotted by providence for the free development of our yearly multiplying millions. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Manifest Destiny• 1840s movement – Americans believed that t
heir movement westward & southward was destined (ordained by God)
• “the fulfillment of our manifest destiny to overspread the continent allotted by providence for the free development of our yearly multiplying millions.
John L. O’Sullivan(JamesK.Polkvideohere)
The Closing of the American Frontier
Frederick Jackson Turner’s Thesis
• Wrote a thesis saying that the American frontier was what made Americans different from Europeans.
• The frontier = the American Dream to many.
• 1812-1852 U.S. growth – 7.25 million to more than 25 million – Land in the West increased by more than
the size of Europe.• America History during this period defined by
the amount of land available, and the political arguments over it.
• After wilderness masters the colonist finds him a European in dress, industries, tools, modes of travel, and thought. It takes him from the railroad car and puts him in the birch canoe. It strips off the garments of civilization and arrays him in the hunting shirt and the moccasin. It puts him in the log cabin of the Cherokee and Iroquois and runs an Indian palisade around him. Before long he has gone to planting Indian corn and plowing with a sharp stick; he shouts the war cry and takes the scalp in orthodox Indian fashion. In short, at the frontier the environment is at first too strong for the man. He must accept the conditions which it furnishes, or perish, and so he fits himself into the Indian clearings and follows the Indian trails. Little by little he transforms the wilderness, but the outcome is not the old Europe… The fact is that here is a new product that is American.
» Frederick Jackson Turner » THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE FRONTIER IN AMERICAN HISTORY
The Oregon Trail – Albert Bierstadt, 1869
Oregon Country
U.S. & British Joint Occupation John Jacob AstorJames K. Polk“Fifty-four Forty or Fight”Treaty of 184649th Parallel
• Great Britain and the United States both
have claims to Oregon. 42nd – 54th parallel.
• Polk says “Fifty-four Forty or Fight”. We
want it all.
• Polk compromises agrees on the 49th
Parallel. (Oregon Treaty of 1846)
Oregon
Treaty of 1846
John Jacob Astor
• Founded the American Fur Company in 1808. Sold it to the British 1812. And later established the Pacific Fur Companies and Southwest Fur Company
Gold RushGold Discovery in California 1848
In 1849 30,000 would be miners set out overland from Missouri to CA.
Another 25,000 made it by sea.
Few became rich, but the hundreds of thousands arriving lead to California statehood
The Missions
of California
Missions of California
• Mexico gains independence from Spain in 1823.• Offered land grants to Americans if they would…
– 1. Convert to Catholicism– 2. Swear Allegiance to Mexico
• Mexico banned slavery in 1824. The Anglos ignored it.• Mexico closed it’s borders in 1830, didn’t work.• General Santa Ana overthrew the Mexican Gov’t, sent
troops to Texas.• Led to the Texas Revolution• 1835- 187 die at the Alamo, 300 executed at Goliad.• 1836- General Sam Houston captured Santa Ana at San
Jacinto. Texas is Independent!!!•
The BACK STORY On Texas
Stephen Austin
Republic of Texas 1836
Santa Anna
Sam Houston
Davy Crockett
Republic of Texas 1836-1845
• Santa Anna forced to sign a treaty
• President: Sam Houston
• Border Disputes (Rio Grande or Nueces)
• Desire to be annexed by the U.S.
Republic of Texas 1836
• Polk becomes President in 1844
• Texas is annexed in 1845-border?
• Slidell’s Mission
– Sent by Polk to
• Solve boundary dispute
• Buy California and New Mexico
• He gets REJECTED!!!
• Polk sends General Taylor to the Rio Grande
• Mexico Attacked!!!
War with Mexico
Before the War
DURING
Mexican American War 1846-1848
And after
The Treaty of Gaudalupe-Hidalgo
• Ends the War
• Mexico loses 50% of it’s territory.
• The U.S. paid $15 million for lands they got from Mexico
• U.S. agreed to pay claims made against Mexico by U.S. Citizens
• 1854- $10 million for the Gadsden Purchase.
Why Pay?
Treaty of Guadalupe Hildago – Mexican Cession
Zachary Taylor
47
US Territorial Expansion
A
When?
From Where?
Why?
• 1776
• Great Britain
• US declared independence from Great Britain
A - 13 Original Colonies
48
US Territorial Expansion
A
When?
From Where?
Why?
• 1776
• Great Britain
• US declared independence from Great Britain
A - 13 Original Colonies
49
US Territorial Expansion
A
When?
From Where?
Why?
• 1
• Great Britain
• Part of results of Treaty of Paris (ended Revolutionary War)
B
B - Western Lands
50
US Territorial Expansion
A
When?
From Where?
Why?
• 1803
• France
• Napoleon needed $
• Jefferson wanted to buy New Orleans
• He got all of this instead!
B
C - Louisiana Purchase
C
51
US Territorial Expansion
A
When?
From Where?
Why?
• 1819
• Spain
• Andrew Jackson invaded
• Spain then sold it to us for $5 million
B
D - Florida
D
C
US Territorial Expansion
A
When?
From Where?
Why?
• 1845
• Republic of Texas • (Independent
Country)
• Texas independent from Mexico in 1836
• Northerners feared it would become a slave state
• Fears finally overcome in 1944 Presidential election
B
E - Texas
D
C
E
US Territorial Expansion
A
When?
From Where?
Why?
• 1846
• Great Britain
• Claimed by four countries (G. Britain, Russia, Spain, & US)
• Americans demanded “54° 40’ or fight!”
• Britain compromised 49° & US accepted
B
F - Oregon Territory
D
C
E
F
54
US Territorial Expansion
A
When?
From Where?
Why?
• 1848
• Mexico
• Polk offers to buy G from Mexico & they refuse
• War!• US wins• Treaty of
Guadalupe Hidalgo
B
G - Mexican Cession
D
C
E
F
G
Compromise of 1850
